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Sexta-feira, 22 de julho de 2022 II Série-D — Número 19
XV LEGISLATURA 1.ª SESSÃO LEGISLATIVA (2022-2023)
S U M Á R I O
Delegações da Assembleia da República:
— Relatório da participação de uma Delegação da Assembleia da República na 29.ª Sessão Anual da APOSCE, que teve lugar, em Birmingham, entre os dias 2 e 6 de julho de 2022. — Relatório da participação de uma Delegação da Assembleia da República no Evento de Encerramento da Conferência sobre o Futuro da Europa, que teve lugar em Estrasburgo, no dia 9 de maio de 2022.
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II SÉRIE-D — NÚMERO 19
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DELEGAÇÃO DA ASSEMBLEIA DA REPÚBLICA À ASSEMBLEIA PARLAMENTAR DA
ORGANIZAÇÃO PARA A SEGURANÇA E COOPERAÇÃO NA EUROPA (APOSCE)
29.ª SESSÃO ANUAL DA APOSCE
BIRMINGHAM, DE 2 A 6 DE JULHO DE 2022
Relatório
A 29.ª Sessão Anual da APOSCE decorreu em Birmingham, entre os dias 2 e 6 de julho, e foi realizada em
formato presencial.
A delegação portuguesa esteve representada pelos Deputados Luís Graça (PS, Vice-Presidente da
Delegação e Chefe da Delegação), Marta Freitas (PS, membro efetivo), Jorge Seguro Sanches (PS, membro
efetivo), André Coelho Lima (PSD, membro efetivo), Alexandra Tavares de Moura (PS, membro efetivo) e João
Montenegro (PSD, membro suplente) e foi assessorada pela Dr.ª Ana Margarida Isidoro (Assessora Parlamentar
– DRPP/DRIC).
A 29.ª Sessão Anual da APOSCE (Assembleia
Parlamentar da Organização para a Segurança e
Cooperação na Europa) contou com 760
participantes de 52 países. Dois países não
puderam participar por causa da guerra na Ucrânia
e às sanções impostas pelo Reino Unido –
Federação da Rússia e Bielorrússia.
A 29.ª Sessão Anual da APOSCE teve a sua
Sessão de Abertura no dia 2 de julho em
Birmingham, Reino Unido, com apelos dos líderes
para acabar com a guerra na Ucrânia e repor o respeito pela soberania e integridade territorial da Ucrânia. Os
oradores da plenária de abertura denunciaram a invasão da Federação Russa, e partilharam as visitas que
fizeram à Ucrânia e encontros com refugiados ucranianos e pediram investigações completas e
responsabilização por supostos crimes de guerra e atrocidades.
A Presidente da APOSCE, Margareta Cederfelt (Suécia) destacou a visita que realizou no dia 27 de junho a
Kyiv, Bucha e Irpin – os locais de algumas das piores violências na guerra da Rússia contra a Ucrânia. Descreveu
a destruição que testemunhou e lamentou que, à medida que a guerra continua, muito mais pessoas inocentes
estejam a ser mortas. «Para nossos queridos amigos da delegação ucraniana», disse, «a minha mensagem é
clara: estamos com vocês. Continuaremos a defender o vosso direito de viver em paz.»
A Presidente Margareta Cederfelt enfatizou que a posição da APOSCE tem sido consistente desde o início
das hostilidades na Ucrânia em 2014: «Nós denunciámos a anexação ilegal da Crimeia e da cidade de
Sebastopol desde o início do confronto militar no leste da Ucrânia. Insistimos consistentemente para a resolução
do conflito por meio da implementação plena e de boa-fé dos Acordos de Minsk1 2».
Discursaram também na Sessão de Abertura John Whittingdale, Chefe da Delegação do Reino Unido à
Assembleia Parlamentar da OSCE, Lord Tariq Ahmad de Wimbledon, Ministro de Estado para a Ásia do Sul e
Central, Norte de África, Reino Unido, Commonwealth e OSCE e Sir Lindsay Hoyle, Presidente da Câmara dos
Comuns do Reino Unido.
John Whittingdale disse que «Agora, mais do que nunca, a cooperação em segurança é de suma importância.
Estou ansioso pelas reuniões e discussões produtivas que vou ter com colegas de toda a OSCE. Os princípios
fundadores da organização são a renúncia ao uso da força, o respeito pela integridade soberana e territorial e a
proteção dos direitos humanos e liberdades. Isso é especialmente importante hoje, pois trabalhamos para criar
um ambiente seguro para todos.»
Lord Tariq Ahmad de Wimbledon enfatizou que o Reino Unido está resolutamente com a Ucrânia, destacando
o apoio financeiro e humanitário fornecido pelo Governo do Reino Unido e enfatizando que o apoio à Ucrânia
ultrapassa as linhas partidárias. «Quando se trata da questão da Ucrânia, estamos absolutamente de acordo».
1 https://www.peaceagreements.org/viewmasterdocument/1363 2 https://www.chathamhouse.org/2020/05/minsk-conundrum-western-policy-and-russias-war-eastern-ukraine-0/minsk-2-agreement
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Sublinhou que a guerra não é apenas um ataque à Ucrânia, mas aos pilares fundamentais da OSCE. Em relação
aos crimes de guerra que possam ter sido cometidos, é essencial que as provas sejam sistematicamente
recolhidas e que se faça justiça às vítimas.
A Secretária-Geral da OSCE, Helga Maria Schmid, sublinhou a importância de a OSCE continuar a fornecer
apoio prático aos Estados participantes da organização na defesa dos princípios da Ata Final de Helsínquia de
19753. «Os princípios fundamentais que concordámos em Helsínquia há quase 50 anos permanecem vitais para
a segurança comum», disse.
Após os discursos de abertura, o plenário considerou o item suplementar «A Guerra de Agressão da
Federação Russa contra a Ucrânia e seu povo, e sua ameaça à segurança em toda a região da OSCE».
Apresentado principalmente por Vilija Aleknaite Abramikiene (Lituânia), Mykyta Poturaiev (Ucrânia) e Roger
Wicker (Estados Unidos), a resolução foi adotada com várias emendas.
Durante a manhã, a Comissão Permanente da APOSCE reuniu
e aprovou dez itens complementares para debate nas comissões e
no plenário. Três foram alocados a cada uma das comissões gerais
e um foi enviado um Item para o plenário. A Comissão Permanente
também aprovou o orçamento para o ano fiscal 2022/2023.
Durante a reunião da Comissão Permanente, a delegação
ucraniana propôs uma emenda ao Regimento, que forneceria
mecanismos para suspender o mandato de uma delegação da
APOSCE cujo país tenha violado a soberania e a integridade
territorial de outro Estado participante da OSCE. A Comissão Permanente deu o seu apoio geral aos princípios
por trás da proposta e concordou em encaminhar o assunto à Comissão para as Regras e Regulamentos da
APOSCE, presidido pelo parlamentar francês e Vice-Presidente da APOSCE Pascal Allizard.
O maior evento do calendário da APOSCE é a Sessão Anual e é o primeiro a acontecer presencialmente em
três anos devido à pandemia de COVID-19 e é a primeira vez em quase duas décadas que o Parlamento do
Reino Unido acolhe o evento.
Os dias 3 e 4 de julho foram dedicados às reuniões da Comissão de Assuntos Políticos e Segurança, da
Comissão de Assuntos Económicos e Meio Ambiente e da Comissão de Direitos Humanos e Questões
Humanitárias.
As agendas das Comissões incluíram a recuperação económica da pandemia de COVID-19, migração e
deslocação, a situação humanitária no Afeganistão, tráfico de seres humanos numa economia globalizada,
segurança cibernética e crimes cibernéticos, segurança nuclear e proibição de armas nucleares, poluição e
mudanças climáticas, independência da sociedade civil, liberdade de
imprensa e combate à desinformação.
Presidida por Richard Hudson (Estados Unidos), a Comissão de
Assuntos Políticos e Segurança adotou uma resolução da autoria
do Relator Laurynas Kasciunas (Lituânia) que «Condena nos termos
mais fortes a guerra de agressão em curso da Rússia contra a
Ucrânia» e «exorta a Federação da Rússia a estabelecer um cessar-
fogo imediato e a retirar as tropas russas de toda a Ucrânia». Também
expressou apoio ao trabalho da Comissão Internacional Independente
de Inquérito mandatada pelo Conselho de Direitos Humanos da ONU
(Organização das Nações Unidas) e pelo Tribunal Penal Internacional,
que está investigando supostos crimes de guerra cometidos na Ucrânia.
Na apresentação do relatório e do projeto de resolução, Laurynas Kasciunas argumentou que não apenas a
Ucrânia, mas a segurança europeia como um todo está sob ataque, bem como os compromissos da OSCE, o
direito internacional, os direitos humanos e a democracia. Destacou o armamento da energia como uma
preocupação, lamentou o desrespeito brutal pela vida e dignidade humanas e pediu um novo compromisso com
os princípios da OSCE. «É importante perguntar o que levou a esta situação e como tornar a OSCE mais
resiliente para responder eficazmente aos desafios futuros», disse.
3 https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/5/c/39501.pdf
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O Deputado Luís Graça, a propósito da apresentação do relatório e da resolução disse:
Caros parlamentares, caros colegas,
Em tempo de guerra gostaria de falar sobre liberdade e propor um
Congresso Universal pela Paz.
Desde 24 de fevereiro, assistimos a enormes transformações em termos de
política internacional e de defesa, especialmente na Europa
A NATO (Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte), que muitos
apontavam como uma organização em crise, ganhou um novo papel. Países
como a Suécia e a Finlândia, que antes eram neutros, formalizaram sua adesão
à aliança atlântica. O governo da Alemanha anunciou grandes investimentos
em defesa. A Europa está atualmente a discutir um orçamento mínimo de
referência para a segurança.
A invasão ilegal e ilegítima da Ucrânia pela Federação Russa uniu e avançou em meses a aliança europeia
e as políticas de defesa que estavam estagnadas desde a queda do Muro de Berlim.
Quero felicitar o relatório apresentado pelo nosso colega da Lituânia e manifestar mais uma vez o total apoio
da delegação portuguesa à Ucrânia.
Parece-me unânime que é necessário manter o apoio à Ucrânia e sua heroica luta, garantindo o apoio
económico, militar e de saúde, e apoiando o povo ucraniano não apenas para resistir, mas para vencer.
É urgente que mantenhamos a unanimidade na condenação da Federação Russa, aumentando as sanções
econômicas e deixando claro que nenhum aliado de Putin deixará de ser alvo de sanções internacionais e, tão
ou mais importante, que os crimes de guerra não deixarão de ser condenados.
Mas, se me permitem, este é um campo muito mais da iniciativa executiva dos Governos do que dos
parlamentos.
O meu alerta é que a invasão russa também está a causar uma crise energética e alimentar e uma inflação
crescente que afeta a economia de muitos países, com efeitos nas famílias mais vulneráveis. Não podemos
perder a opinião pública.
Os parlamentos representam o povo e numa democracia sabemos que não pode haver políticas
desvinculadas da opinião pública. É necessário manter a opinião pública informada e unida na condenação da
guerra.
Defendendo o Direito Internacional. Que os homens são governados pela força da lei e não pela lei da força.
Parece-me fundamental que a opinião pública entenda que estamos a lutar na Ucrânia pela liberdade e
democracia para todos nós.
Portanto, Senhor Presidente, caro Presidente Richard Hudson, gostaria de propor novamente que a
APOSCE, que esta comissão, considere a realização de um Congresso Universal pela PAZ, como os congressos
que aconteceram com grande popularidade na Europa no final do século XIX século, liderada pelo grande
escritor francês Victor Hugo, contribuindo desta forma para que a opinião pública permaneça unida nesta batalha
de mulheres e homens – pela justiça e políticas multilaterais, contra a guerra e a ditadura e mobilizada pela
liberdade, direitos humanos e paz.
Glória à Ucrânia e ao seu povo!
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O Deputado André Coelho Lima, a propósito do Item Suplementar sobre Terrorismo, discutido na
Comissão, observou:
Caro Senhor Presidente, caros colegas,
Achamos que o maior problema quando falamos de vítimas de terrorismo
é: quem é que deve ser considerado vítima de terrorismo hoje em dia?
Temos vítimas de terrorismo em todos os lados, acho que deveríamos
incluir os que não disputam causas nacionais ou religiosas, mas sim casos
particulares. A agenda política sobre terrorismo ou terroristas está
desatualizada. Temos, hoje em dia, uma série de agendas que nos
preocupam e que ocupam o nosso tempo e às quais devemos prestar
atenção.
Damos total apoio ao Item Suplementar que estamos a discutir, mas teremos que rever o conceito.
Obrigado.
Na Comissão de Assuntos Económicos, Ciência, Tecnologia
e Meio Ambiente, presidida por Pere Joan Pons (Espanha), os
membros da comissão adotaram uma resolução de autoria do relator
Gudrun Kugler (Áustria), que abrange questões como as
repercussões económicas e sociais da pandemia de COVID -19, bem
como as alterações climáticas. A resolução observa que «a guerra na
Ucrânia enfraqueceu significativamente a estabilidade, a
conectividade e a prosperidade em toda a região da OSCE».
A Relatora Gudrun Kugler apresenta seu relatório e referiu-se à
Comissão como «a comissão do futuro», Kugler enfatizou a ligação das questões abordadas com a segurança,
observando que várias das principais crises do nosso tempo dizem respeito à dimensão económica e ambiental.
Destacou os desafios específicos da guerra na Ucrânia e os efeitos prejudiciais sobre as pessoas, a economia
e o meio ambiente. Enfatizou a necessidade de concentração em tópicos que não estão nas primeiras páginas
dos jornais, como a evolução demográfica e o desenvolvimento de novas ideias nessas áreas.
A Deputada Alexandra Tavares de Moura, a propósito da
apresentação do relatório e da resolução disse:
Caro Presidente, caros colegas
É uma honra estar aqui e discutir os assuntos económicos e o papel das
mulheres neste momento específico da nossa história.
Em todas as democracias, ajudamos a aumentar as regras que
melhoram a nossa sociedade, conseguindo um equilíbrio de género em
todas as áreas, como sabemos: em posição de poder; em assuntos
económicos ou no combate à violência de género.
Sabemos que as democracias são tão equilibradas quanto o número de mulheres presentes onde as
decisões são tomadas, e esse é um objetivo que nunca podemos esquecer.
Como conhecemos o contexto da pandemia do COVID-19, as considerações de género devem ser parte
integrante das respostas de emergência. Mas devemos garantir que as considerações de género sejam
integradas em todas as respostas políticas à pandemia do COVID-19.
Embora todas as mulheres em diferentes setores tenham sido afetadas pelos impactos económicos da
pandemia de várias maneiras, certos grupos foram mais propensos a serem severamente impactados, incluindo
imigrantes, mulheres em situação de pobreza e mulheres de minorias étnicas. Isso significa que devemos ter
uma lente de género e levar em conta os pontos de vista de diversos grupos.
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Se reconhecermos que as mulheres são afetadas por crises, desde emergências de saúde a conflitos
armados e guerras, os Estados participantes da OSCE devem aumentar os esforços para promover o
envolvimento das mulheres nos processos de decisão, tomada de decisões na região da OSCE e em todo o
mundo.
Sr. Presidente,
Devemos discutir o papel das mulheres na reconstrução/após esta crise. Podemos, ou devemos, enfrentar
este momento, como se fosse uma oportunidade para combater a desigualdade de género.
Esta não é a última crise. Então, por favor, devemos ser proativos e apoiar a introdução da igualdade de
género e, na próxima crise, as mulheres podem levantar-se mais facilmente.
Obrigada.
E o Deputado Jorge Seguro Sanches disse:
Muito obrigado, Senhor Presidente, Caros colegas,
Na minha primeira intervenção neste Fórum, gostava de salientar a
necessidade de trabalhar mais ativamente nas atividades de prevenção no futuro.
Este é o caso da energia, que tem um papel fundamental. Este é o core
fundamental para pressionarmos a Rússia a aceitar os princípios humanitários
básicos e a Lei Internacional.
A guerra na Ucrânia trouxe para o espaço europeu a impensável realidade
com impactos globais que não só prejudicam a Ucrânia, mas todos no que
concerne à energia, este setor é um dos mais afetados.
A pressão sobre os preços da energia causados pelo medo da escassez, demonstram que o setor está
vulnerável.
Devemos ter uma visão global para este setor no que respeita à segurança no abastecimento e no incremento
da produção de energias renováveis.
É de fundamental importância termos backups e resiliência dos nossos sistemas, de forma a reduzir a
fragilidade securitária.
Achamos que a segurança do abastecimento é relevante para entender se podemos fazer pesquisas de
interconexões ou investimentos em descentralização capacitando os cidadãos.
Só uma visão forte pode permitir-nos aumentar o espírito de cooperação e fortalecer as bases da
solidariedade entre nós.
Gostaria de compartilhar com todos vocês a nossa visão de que a guerra na Ucrânia torna o que já era
urgente em termos de políticas energéticas do nosso planeta e em todos os nossos países.
Questões muito urgentes como segurança ou abastecimento e investimento em energias renováveis
tornaram-se inadiáveis nas discussões sobre segurança e defesa.
Porque não temos energias fósseis em Portugal, e estou em crer que a Espanha também não, temos
investido mais nas energias renováveis, que é um dos atores da mudança das políticas energéticas na União
Europeia e estou disponível para partilhar estes exemplos com todos vós.
Esperamos poder trabalhar juntos neste mandato no plano de que a Energia é estratégica para a paz e para
a segurança global.
Obrigada!
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Sobre o mesmo tema, na reunião seguinte o Deputado Jorge Seguro
Sanches disse:
Obrigado, Sr. Presidente
É uma intervenção simples que gostaria de compartilhar convosco.
Conforme disse ontem, Portugal e toda a península têm uma visão estratégica
sobre o que podemos fazer no setor da energia que diz respeito ao uso de fontes
renováveis e fornecimento de energia aos nossos países.
Gostaria de poder partilhar este exemplo convosco, e assim Organizarmos uma
Conferência no próximo ano sobre este tema, renováveis, segurança,
fornecimento e quais as alternativas para a Europa. Estas questões são
absolutamente importantes para todos os nossos países – segurança e defesa, e
quais são as alternativas que a Europa tem.
Obrigado
A propósito da discussão do Item Suplementar sobre os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, a
Deputada Alexandra Tavares de Moura disse:
Senhor Presidente,
Apenas para dizer que estou muito preocupada com as consequências da
guerra sobre os preços da energia e com a implementação dos objetivos de
desenvolvimento, como isso afeta as mulheres, pois elas são as que, como
sabemos, mais sofrem com a pobreza energética.
Defendo que cada Estado deve garantir que as políticas sejam analisadas com
uma lente de género para garantir que a pobreza energética não aumenta os
desequilíbrios de género. O aumento dos preços da energia tem implicações no
aumento dos preços das estruturas de apoio às famílias, muitas vezes privadas.
«Países com sistemas de proteção social e serviços públicos mais fortes saem-se melhor na igualdade de
género e têm sido mais capazes de enfrentar as tempestades dos últimos anos.» disse o diretor executivo Sima
Bahous.
Obrigada.
Presidida por Michael Georg Link (Alemanha), a Comissão de Democracia, Direitos Humanos e Questões
Humanitárias reuniu-se para considerar o relatório e o projeto de
resolução apresentados pelo Relator Johan Büser (Suécia). Enfatizou
que as democracias devem ser inclusivas, resilientes e que respeitem
plenamente os direitos humanos e que os princípios da OSCE devem
estar na vanguarda do trabalho da APOSCE. Várias crises nos últimos
anos prejudicaram o respeito ao Estado de Direito e colocaram as
democracias em risco, disse Johan Büser, observando que os governos
tomaram decisões vastas e sem paralelo para conter a propagação do
COVID-19, algumas das quais podem ter exacerbado as preocupações
e desigualdades de direitos humanos com um efeito devastador em
grupos e sociedades vulneráveis.
A fim de fortalecer o compromisso com a democracia, os direitos humanos e o estado de direito, a resolução
apresentada por Johan Büser enfatiza a necessidade de uma sociedade civil vibrante, independente das
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estruturas estatais e livre da sua interferência. «As organizações não governamentais são vias importantes para
expressar opiniões públicas e formular políticas e servem como parceiros-chave para os parlamentares», afirma
a resolução. Em relação à guerra na Ucrânia, a resolução afirma que «o direito internacional humanitário deve
ser respeitado e que o acesso à ajuda humanitária é um direito fundamental das pessoas que vivem em zonas
de conflito e das pessoas em movimento».
A propósito da apresentação da resolução em debate, o Deputado João Montenegro disse:
Prezado Vice-Presidente,
Caros membros,
Em abril, o Ministério da Cultura da Ucrânia informou que,
desde o início da guerra, duzentos e quarenta e dois crimes de
guerra russos foram documentados contra o património cultural
ucraniano, especificando que crimes cometidos por tropas
russas contra esse património cultural foram registados em onze
regiões e na capital, Kiev.
Como resultado da guerra, noventa e quatro locais de
património cultural foram destruídos ou danificados, incluindo
monumentos de importância nacional e local, e identificados
como patrimónios culturais.
Os centros religiosos foram os que mais sofreram os ataques:
igrejas ortodoxas, lugares protestantes, mesquitas, sinagogas, memoriais em homenagem a pessoas históricas
e datadas do século XIX ao início do século XX, além de alguns outros edifícios com história geral valiosa.
A UNESCO alertou, em junho passado, que o património cultural ucraniano continua a ser destruído.
A UNESCO faz um relato dramático dos danos causados ao setor cultural pela invasão russa, destacando a
destruição de «monumentos históricos, alguns deles datados dos séculos XII e XIII.
De acordo com o balanço, três principais regiões ucranianas concentram os danos: Donetsk (quarenta e
cinco locais ou monumentos afetados), Kharkiv (quarenta) e Kiev (vinte e seis).
Monumentos construídos em honra da glória do povo e do país.
Prezado Presidente,
Caros membros,
A Ucrânia e a Federação da Rússia são signatárias da Convenção de 1954 Haya4, que determina a proteção
do património cultural em conflitos armados. Até agora, os sete locais ucranianos classificados como património
mundial da UNESCO não foram prejudicados nos ataques.
Obrigado.
4 https://files.dre.pt/1s/2000/03/076a00/13261342.pdf
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Além das Comissões reuniram também as Comissões Ad Hoc da Assembleia Parlamentar, sobre terrorismo
e migração.
E a Deputada Marta Freitas disse:
Obrigada, Senhor Vice-Presidente, Caros colegas,
Desde o dia 24 de fevereiro, estamos sobrecarregados com imagens
da Ucrânia, mostrando-nos o sofrimento atroz de homens, mulheres,
crianças e idosos que, de repente e inexplicavelmente, ficaram de mãos
vazias.
Mais do que os seus lares, estão a perder as suas vidas e famílias,
vítimas de uma invasão bárbara e injustificada de um país, a Rússia.
Essas pessoas vivem há quatro meses num cenário de horror, que está
a tirar tudo o que tinham, mas ainda resistem na defesa honrosa do que
construíram e da sua própria identidade.
As imagens de civis a deixar para trás toda a sua vida e sua história são chocantes. Estão a cair num vazio
onde milhares de deslocados se reúnem em busca de uma nova oportunidade num novo país que os acolherá
e lhes oferecerá proteção, segurança e esperança de um novo começo.
Caros membros,
Isto é de partir o coração!
Foram mais de 4 meses de horror, morte, tortura, estupro, deportação forçada e humilhação.
Trata-se de uma agressão indescritível à qual a Europa e o mundo não podem e não devem ficar indiferentes!
Os Estados membros aqui representados não podem ficar de pé e assistir a este ataque à democracia e aos
direitos de uma nação.
O próprio fato de estarmos aqui a debate esse assunto é prova disso.
Segundo a notícia, a Ucrânia já está a investigar mais de 15 mil potenciais crimes de guerra. Todas as forças
internacionais devem ser mobilizadas para realizar uma investigação completa. Isso, é claro, não exclui a
necessidade de diálogo, para que a paz possa ser alcançada entre as duas forças em conflito.
Caros colegas,
Paralelamente ao diálogo com as autoridades das duas partes em guerra, não devemos esquecer de acolher
os novos cidadãos ucranianos que estão a ser expulsos das suas terras.
Cada país tem a responsabilidade social da solidariedade.
Relembro que Portugal já acolheu 43 mil refugiados da Ucrânia, que se candidataram à Diretiva de Proteção
Temporária.
Os nossos serviços públicos tiveram que trabalhar rápido para entregar em pouco tempo número de
identificação fiscal, o número de saúde para que esses deslocados possam ter acesso ao mercado de trabalho,
escola, moradia e saúde, entre outros.
Continuaremos a fazer a nossa parte.
Tudo ao nosso alcance deve ser feito para ajudar os refugiados e acabar com esta guerra o mais rápido
possível!
Não podemos deixar que mais sangue inocente seja derramado.
Obrigada!!
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Na sequência das decisões da Comissão Permanente e do Plenário para lançar novos regulamentos sobre
sanções para violações graves dos compromissos da OSCE, a Subcomissão de Regras de Procedimento e
Práticas de Trabalho da Assembleia também se reuniu.
A proposta apresentada pela delegação ucraniana na Comissão Permanente foi considerada pelos membros
da Comissão e considerada uma base aceitável para trabalhos futuros. A Subcomissão de Regras concordou
em trabalhar em conjunto com especialistas do Secretariado Internacional para desenvolver um texto específico
nas próximas semanas. Ficou esta Subcomissão de reunir novamente nos próximos meses para rever os
trabalhos, com a intenção de apresentar um texto para consideração da Comissão Permanente da Assembleia
Parlamentar na sua próxima reunião em Sofia, Bulgária, em outubro.
No dia 4 de julho, as Deputadas Marta Freitas e Alexandra
Tavares de Moura, participaram Almoço de trabalho sobre
Questões de Género, organizado pela Presidente da Comissão de
Mulheres e Igualdades da Câmara dos Comuns do Reino Unido,
Caroline Nokes e pela Representante Especial da APOSCE sobre
Questões de Género e Chefe da Delegação do Canadá, Hedy Frey.
Durante o almoço, as discussões foram incentivadas em cada mesa
em torno da seguinte pergunta: Reconhecendo os impactos
desproporcionais da pandemia de COVID-19 nas mulheres, como
as políticas sensíveis ao género podem garantir uma recuperação económica pós-pandemia que seja inclusiva,
sustentável e equitativa?
A Deputada Alexandra Tavares de Moura foi a porta-voz da mesa 12. Nesta mesa estavam presentes as
seguintes nacionalidades: Finlândia (1), UK (1); Mongólia (1); Portugal (2) e Roménia (3).
Foi consensual apresentar as medidas do governo português, dado ter sido considerado que era com mais
medidas impactantes nas famílias e nas empresas, durante a pandemia.
Enumerou-se a:
• Medida excecional de apoio à família em 2020 e 2021 (suspensão das atividades letivas presenciais);
• Medida de apoio à redução da atividade dos trabalhadores independentes em 2020 e 2021;
• Medida de apoio à redução da atividade dos membros dos órgãos estatuários em 2020;
• Atribuição de Desemprego e Prorrogação Social de Desemprego e Rendimento de Inserção;
• Atribuição do complemento de estabilização, pago a cerca de 370 mil trabalhadores com perda de
rendimento durante o layoff;
• Pagamento de uma prestação adicional do abono de família.
Quanto à reflexão em questão e dado que se considerou pertinente destacar uma mudança de relevância
pública de dados ao género por exemplo, tendo sido explicada, que esta mudança da importância de atuar
perante a questão portuguesa factos, o que significa que é necessário estudar para atuar de forma mais
adequada. Explicou-se que «não se combate o que se desconhece» pelo que o estudo dos dados sérios, levará
a uma implementação melhor das medidas.
No dia 5 de julho, a Comissão de Assuntos Políticos e Segurança teve por orador, o Presidente em
Exercício da OSCE e Ministro das Relações Exteriores da Polónia, Zbigniew Rau, que disse aos presentes que,
trabalhando em conjunto, a OSCE pode garantir que o seu trabalho que é crucial na Ucrânia continue. «Devemos
reafirmar a nossa unidade e trabalhar incansavelmente para construir resiliência diante da atual ameaça
representada pela agressão russa contra a Ucrânia», disse. «Acredito no valor de nossas parcerias dentro da
OSCE e com a Assembleia Parlamentar da Organização, permitem-nos unir forças na defesa de nossos valores
comuns».
Referiu também que a OSCE e a comunidade internacional em geral estão num ponto de viragem histórica
e que serão julgadas pela resposta dada. Enfatizou que a OSCE deve continuar a ganhar a confiança que
construiu ao longo dos anos com as pessoas que vivem em zonas de conflito. Os direitos humanos são
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universais e indivisíveis, disse ele, e não podemos ficar calados quando são violados. Determinação e clareza
de propósito são fundamentais para defender os nossos valores e princípios, enfatizou, e a OSCE deve construir
resiliência diante da ameaça atual.
A propósito do que estava a ser debatido, o Deputado André Coelho Lima disse:
Prezada Senhora Presidente, caros colegas,
Estamos diante de uma atrocidade que pensávamos ser impossível de
acontecer no século XXI. Uma invasão de um país a outro, entre dois estados-
membros da OSCE. Nós estamos sentados a assistir a vidas a serem tiradas,
crianças a morrer, muitas vidas inocentes perdidas sem motivo. Ou melhor ainda,
por uma razão imperialista. Todos nós gostávamos de ajudar de alguma forma,
mas é difícil saber como.
Acho que, até 24 de fevereiro, todos pensávamos que a preocupação com o
ser humano estava acima de todos os projetos e intenções nacionais. Infelizmente,
isso ainda não é verdade. É verdade para a maioria de nossos países, mas não para uma autocracia como a
Rússia, o maior país do mundo.
Dito isso,
Todos condenamos a Rússia e suas ações. Sem sombra de dúvidas.
Mas, além dessa condenação unânime, não achamos que a OSCE e especialmente a APOSCE poderiam
ter um papel maior e mais decisivo? Dado que a OSCE é, como sabemos, a única organização além das Nações
Unidas que reúne a Rússia e a Ucrânia, bem como os países da União Europeia e os Estados Unidos da
América?
Dizendo de outra forma:
O nosso papel não seria mais útil manter todos os países da OSCE dentro da organização em vez de fora
da organização? Apesar da nossa condenação unânime, não seríamos mais úteis para a Ucrânia debater e
discutir com os Deputados russos do que em vez de simplesmente não os ter aqui?
Seria, naturalmente, um debate muito difícil. Talvez não nos levasse a lugar nenhum. Mas pelo menos
tentamos. E isso, dada a circunstância particular da OSCE, devemos fazer.
E também,
Olhando para o tema do item complementar proposto por Farah Karimi dos Países Baixos «Envolvimento
eficaz da juventude para sociedades seguras, inclusivas e democráticas», Portugal pensa que devemos tentar
uma abordagem mais política e menos diplomática à guerra na Ucrânia. Para envolver a comunidade
internacional, para envolver os jovens e as organizações juvenis num movimento global: um movimento de paz.
Devemos criar uma agenda e, portanto, um evento, dedicado não a discutir a guerra, mas a discutir a paz.
Discutir não o presente, mas o futuro.
Em vez das habituais iniciativas bilaterais e de portas fechadas, muitas vezes não são tão frutíferas como
todos nós que as queríamos.
Portugal pensa que devemos tentar uma iniciativa mais disruptiva, liderada por jovens, reunindo jovens de
todo o Mundo, mas dirigida à juventude russa, aos russos do futuro mais do que aos russos do presente.
Esta guerra só pode ser vencida por dentro, mudando mentalidades, tendo os russos do futuro como o nosso
objetivo. Mandando uma mensagem de amor, de encontro, de amizade entre as pessoas, em uma palavra,
mandando uma mensagem de humanidade!
Este, Sr.ª Presidente, é o contributo de Portugal.
E pedimos a todos que tentem, acho que tanto em
(1) responsabilidade especial da OSCE neste conflito, dado que ambos os países fazem parte da nossa
organização; mas também,
(2) Sobre como devemos tentar abordagens diferentes, fora da formalidade de nossas reuniões, envolvendo
aqueles que não são diretamente representados por nós, tentar uma agenda mais política e menos diplomática
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II SÉRIE-D — NÚMERO 19 12
No dia 6 de julho, o Plenário aprovou a Declaração de Birmingham, que se refere à invasão russa como
«uma violação grosseira dos fundamentos do direito internacional» e «uma violação flagrante não apenas da
soberania da Ucrânia e sua integridade territorial, mas como um ataque contra os direitos humanos e liberdades
fundamentais, principalmente da direito à vida do povo da Ucrânia», a Declaração de Birmingham «insta todas
as partes a se engajarem em negociações destinadas a uma resolução pacífica da crise com total respeito pela
soberania e integridade territorial da Ucrânia».
A Declaração de Birmingham (em anexo) enfatiza que a invasão da Rússia foi «facilitada pela Bielorrússia
como co-agressor» e denuncia «a ocupação ilegal da Federação Russa e a anexação da Crimeia e o
‘reconhecimento’ e ocupação ilegítimos das regiões de Luhansk e Donetsk». Alarmado que a guerra tenha
impactado significativamente a estabilidade, conectividade e prosperidade em toda a região da OSCE, a
Declaração de Birmingham insta os governos «a considerar ações eficazes e bem coordenadas nas esferas
econômica e ambiental destinadas a mitigar o impacto do conflito e restaurar a paz internacional e segurança.»
Também enfatiza que «as sanções impostas por muitos Estados participantes da OSCE à Federação Russa
pela sua agressão contra a Ucrânia sejam direcionadas contra os líderes da Federação Russa e não contra o
povo russo, cujos pontos de vista não são efetivamente representados devido aos processos antidemocráticos
da Estado russo moderno».
Manifestando alarme de que a guerra está «a exacerbar a insegurança alimentar global e causando uma
crise humanitária», a Assembleia Parlamentar da OSCE «encoraja a intensificação dos esforços de mediação e
negociações orientadas para resultados no âmbito das plataformas existentes para resolução de conflitos».
Reitera o papel da OSCE «como uma plataforma eficaz e abrangente onde, através da facilitação dos
esforços diplomáticos e da cooperação, os Estados participantes podem reconstruir a confiança básica». A
Declaração reconhece, em particular, o valor da Missão Especial de Monitoramento da OSCE à Ucrânia5
«trabalho rigoroso que cumpriu seu mandato sob um nível elevado de volatilidade e incertezas de segurança»,
e congratula-se com «o fato de que 45 Estados participantes da OSCE, apoiados pela Ucrânia, iniciaram o
Mecanismo de Moscovo da OSCE6, a fim de recolher evidências das supostas atrocidades massivas e crimes
de guerra e crimes contra a humanidade na Ucrânia».
A Declaração de Birmingham também «expressa apoio ao trabalho da Comissão Internacional Independente
de Inquérito mandatada pelo Conselho de Direitos Humanos da ONU e aos processos em andamento no
Tribunal Penal Internacional, que está a conduzir uma investigação sobre supostos crimes de guerra cometidos
por qualquer parte do conflito em qualquer parte do território da Ucrânia.»
Além da guerra na Ucrânia, a Declaração de Birmingham destaca outras tensões na área da OSCE, em
particular as tentativas de desestabilizar a situação na região da Transnístria da República da Moldávia e
expressa «pesar pelo conflito não resolvido entre a Federação Russa e a Geórgia desde 2008.» Enfatiza a
deterioração da situação no Afeganistão e ressalta «a importância da segurança e estabilidade e o
estabelecimento relacionado de relações de boa vizinhança entre a Arménia e o Azerbaijão».
Em relação ao COVID-19, a Declaração destaca que a pandemia «produziu uma pressão adicional sobre o
respeito pelos direitos humanos e aos princípios democráticos, impactou negativamente a igualdade de género
e exacerbou ainda mais as disparidades socioeconómicas entre muitos grupos nas nossas sociedades».
Expressando preocupação com «as profundas repercussões económicas e sociais da pandemia de COVID-19»,
a APOSCE «exorta os Estados participantes da OSCE a fortalecer a cooperação para alcançar uma recuperação
económica sustentável da pandemia de COVID-19, inter alia, acelerando a implantação de tecnologias verdes,
aumentando o crescimento económico e a conectividade e apoiando o desenvolvimento do capital humano».
Enfatizando que a energia de combustível fóssil tem muitas desvantagens ambientais e sociais, enquanto as
novas fontes de energia limpa estão a tornar-se cada vez mais viáveis, a Assembleia Parlamentar expressa a
determinação de «acelerar a transição para energia limpa, inclusive por meio de precificação de carbono bem
calibrada, a expansão de estratégias de energia neutras em carbono, acessíveis e sustentáveis, e investimentos
sustentados em pesquisa e inovação tecnológica». Também insta os Estados participantes da OSCE a
eliminarem gradualmente as importações de combustíveis fósseis russos e enfatiza que «melhorar e diversificar
o fornecimento de energia para fontes de energia limpa é fundamental para alcançar a neutralidade de carbono,
aliviar a dependência energética e tornar a energia mais acessível».
5 https://www.osce.org/special-monitoring-mission-to-ukraine 6 https://www.osce.org/odihr/20066
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13
A Declaração de Birmingham expressa forte apoio ao multilateralismo, diplomacia e controlo de armas,
instando os Estados participantes da OSCE «a revigorar o debate sobre a revitalização do Tratado de Céus
Abertos7 e a plena implementação e revisão da Declaração de Viena8 de acordo com os novos desafios de
segurança no chão.» Apela a todos os «Estados participantes que ainda não o fizeram para desenvolver e
implementar planos de ação nacionais sobre Mulheres, Paz e Segurança, conforme exigido pela Resolução
1325 do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas9».
Reafirmando «o ditado de Reagan-Gorbachev de que uma guerra nuclear não pode ser vencida e nunca
deve ser travada», a Declaração «insta todos os estados com armas nucleares e aliados a implementar por meio
de declarações e acordos de não-primeiro uso, e reduzindo ainda mais a papel das armas nucleares nas
doutrinas de segurança». Além disso, incentiva «todos os Estados participantes a assinarem o Tratado sobre a
Proibição de Armas Nucleares de 201710».
A Declaração de Birmingham também «enfatiza a necessidade de maior foco e gastos militares que os
Estados participantes possam achar necessários como resultado do ataque da Federação Russa e desrespeito
aos princípios fundadores da OSCE não deve vir à custa do bem-estar socioeconómico, o ser e a segurança
humana de sua população». Ressalta ainda «a crescente pressão migratória experimentada por muitos Estados
participantes no contexto de conflitos armados, trabalho, desenvolvimento e clima, e reconhecendo o aumento
significativo da migração e deslocamento ambientalmente motivados».
Expressando profunda preocupação com um número crescente de presos políticos em toda a região da
OSCE, a Assembleia Parlamentar exorta a OSCE e seus Estados participantes a «concentrar maior atenção na
questão da prisão política como uma violação dos direitos humanos e liberdades fundamentais enumeradas no
Princípio VII do Ato Final de Helsínquia». A Declaração também expressa o apoio aos media independentes
como essencial para uma troca aberta de informações e pontos de vista e enfatiza a importância contínua da
observação eleitoral profissional e independente, conforme conduzida pela OSCE por meio do ODIHR11 e da
Assembleia Parlamentar.
Outras recomendações importantes da Declaração de Birmingham incluem:
Os parlamentos devem regular devidamente os conflitos de interesse, a transparência no financiamento dos
partidos e as práticas de lobby, bem como adotar e implementar legislação anticorrupção avançada.
Afirmando o direito de pedir asilo, condena o aumento das «rejeições» de requerentes de asilo em vários
Estados participantes como uma violação da lei e dos seus direitos humanos básicos.
Exorta todos os Estados participantes da OSCE a realizar revisões regulares da legislação relacionada ao
registo e regulamentação do trabalho das organizações não governamentais em cooperação com especialistas
do Escritório da OSCE para Instituições Democráticas e Direitos Humanos (ODIHR) para garantir a
conformidade com os padrões de direitos humanos.
Apela a todos os Estados participantes para que trabalhem com a OSCE/ODIHR para melhorar os
mecanismos que utilizam para registar crimes de ódio e recolher dados.
Exorta os parlamentos dos Estados participantes da OSCE a exercer plenamente a supervisão parlamentar
sobre a ação do governo para prevenir e combater o tráfico de seres humanos.
Além das três resoluções das Comissões, a Assembleia adotou dez itens complementares, abrangendo
questões como a região do Ártico, combate à violência contra mulheres jornalistas e políticas, garantia da
segurança de jornalistas em zonas de conflito, implementação do
Programa de Desenvolvimento Sustentável das Nações Unidas
Objetivos, apoiar as vítimas do terrorismo, acelerar a transição para
a energia verde e promover o engajamento efetivo dos jovens em
sociedades inclusivas e democráticas.
A Presidente da Assembleia Parlamentar da OSCE, Margareta
Cederfelt (Suécia), foi reeleita em Birmingham, juntamente com os
vice-presidentes e os Presidentes, Vice-Presidentes e Relatores das
7 https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2012/03/186738.htm 8 https://gddc.ministeriopublico.pt/sites/default/files/declaracao_e_programa_acao_viena.pdf 9 https://www.cig.gov.pt/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Resolucao-1325-CS-ONU.pdf 10 file:///C:/Users/aisidoro/Downloads/dp_consult_48_por_lr.pdf 11 ODIHR – Escritório de Instituições Democráticas e Direitos Humanos é a principal instituição da Organização para a Segurança e Cooperação na Europa que trata da «dimensão humana» da segurança.
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II SÉRIE-D — NÚMERO 19 14
Comissões.
A Sessão Plenária de Encerramento da 29.ª Sessão Anual, no dia 6 de julho, incluiu discursos do Lord
Speaker McFall de Alcluith e do Secretário-Geral da APOSCE Roberto Montella, bem como a adoção da
Declaração de Birmingham.
Lord Speaker McFall de Alcluith expressou solidariedade com o povo da Ucrânia e pediu a resolução do
conflito. Destacou também os desafios como as mudanças climáticas e ressaltou que cabe aos parlamentares
fiscalizar o trabalho dos governos no cenário global. No seu discurso de encerramento, a Presidente Margareta
Cederfelt agradeceu o apoio dos parlamentares da OSCE e enfatizou a necessidade de dar seguimento às
recomendações incluídas na Declaração de Birmingham.
As Comissões da APOSCE elegeram as lideranças para o próximo ano. Na Comissão de Assuntos Políticos
e Segurança, Richard Hudson (Estados Unidos) foi reeleito Presidente, Costel Neculai Dunava (Romênia) Vice-
Presidente e Laurynas Kasciunas (Lituânia) Relatora.
Na Comissão Geral de Assuntos Económicos, Ciência, Tecnologia e Meio Ambiente, Azay Guliyev
(Azerbaijão) foi eleito presidente, com Artur Gerasymov (Ucrânia) e Gudrun Kugler (Áustria) reeleitos vice-
presidente e relator, respetivamente.
A Comissão de Democracia, Direitos Humanos e Questões Humanitárias elegeu Nikoloz Samkharadze
(Geórgia) Presidente, Farah Karimi (Holanda) Vice-Presidente e Johan Buser (Suécia) Relator.
A Sessão de encerramento também contou com o
discurso do Secretário-Geral da APOSCE, Roberto
Montella, que referiu a necessidade de uma
aprofundada revisão dos regulamentos e regras da
Organização.
Durante a Sessão Anual a delegação reuniu com
a Presidente Margareta Cedefelt.
Antes da realização da 29.ª Sessão Anual da
APOSCE foram tidas uma série de reuniões online da
Delegação da Assembleia da República com:
• Presidente da APOSCE e Candidata, Margareta Cederfelt (Suécia) – 23 de junho de 2022
• Candidata a Presidente da APOSCE, Kari Henriksen (Noruega) – 29 de junho de 2022
• Embaixador Jorge Lobo de Mesquita e Dr. Carlos Brito – Representação de Portugal junto da OSCE em
Viena, Áustria – 27 de junho de 2022
Assembleia da República, 18 de julho de 2022.
Ana Margarida Isidoro, Assessora Parlamentar.
Página 15
AS (22) D E
BIRMINGHAM DECLARATION
AND
RESOLUTIONS
ADOPTED BY THE OSCE PARLIAMENTARY ASSEMBLY
AT THE TWENTY-NINTH ANNUAL SESSION
BIRMINGHAM, 2 – 6 JULY 2022
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15
ANEXO
Página 16
Table of contents
Page
Preamble
Chapter I: Political Affairs and Security
Chapter II: Economic Affairs, Science, Technology and Environment
Chapter III: Democracy, Human Rights and Humanitarian Questions “Human Security for All as a Basis for European Security”
Resolution on the Russian Federation’s War of Aggression Against Ukraine and its People, and Its Threat to Security Across the OSCE Region
Resolution on Victims of Terrorism
Resolution on the Arctic Region
Resolution on Effective Youth Engagement Towards Secure, Inclusive and Democratic Societies
Resolution on a Code of Conduct for Members of the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly
Resolution on Implementing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals in the OSCE Area
Resolution on Accelerating the Green Energy Transition
Resolution On Combating Violence Against Women Journalists and Politicians
Resolution on the Importance of the Human Dimension in the Context of Current Threats to the Security in the OSCE Area Stemming from the Russian Aggression Against Ukraine
Resolution on Ensuring the Safety of Journalists in Conflict Zones
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Página 17
PREAMBLE
We, Parliamentarians of the OSCE participating States, have met in annual session in Birmingham from 2 to 6 July 2022 as the Parliamentary dimension of the OSCE to assess developments and challenges relating to security and co-operation, and we offer the following views to the OSCE Ministers.
We wish every success to the next OSCE Ministerial Council and bring to its attention the following declaration and recommendations.
CHAPTER I
POLITICAL AFFAIRS AND SECURITY
1. Alarmed by the unprovoked Russian war of aggression against Ukraine,facilitated by Belarus as co-aggressor, which constitutes a gross violation of thefundamentals of international law, including a severe breach of the OSCE’scommitments and principles, the Charter of the United Nations (UN), and theGeneva Conventions, and thus poses a great threat to the civilian population andinfrastructure of Ukraine and jeopardizes the security architecture of Europe andthe whole OSCE region,
2. Recalling the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly's Resolution on Clear, Gross andUncorrected Violations of Helsinki Principles by the Russian Federation, adoptedat its 23rd Annual Session in 2014, and the Resolution on The Continuation ofClear, Gross and Uncorrected Violations of OSCE Commitments andInternational Norms by the Russian Federation, adopted in 2015, whereby in theformer it is underscored that “the Russian Federation has, since February 2014,violated every one of the ten Helsinki principles in its relations with Ukraine, somein a clear, gross and thus far uncorrected manner, and is in violation with thecommitments it undertook in the Budapest Memorandum, as well as otherinternational obligations,” and welcomingthe adoption of the UN GeneralAssembly Resolution on Aggression against Ukraine and the order of theInternational Court of Justice on the Russian Federation to immediately suspendthe military operations that commenced on 24 February 2022,
3. Welcoming the fact that 45 OSCE participating States, supported by Ukraine,initiated the OSCE Moscow Mechanism in order to collect evidence of the allegedmassive atrocities and war crimes and crimes against humanity in Ukrainecommitted by the Russian Federation with the help of Belarus as co-aggressor,
4. Acknowledging the value of the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission’s rigorouswork, which delivered its mandate under a heightened level of volatility andsecurity uncertainties, and expressing regret over the lack of international unityand consensus over the mandate renewal for the OSCE Special MonitoringMission due to the Russian Federation’s uncompromising stance,
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5. Recalling the OSCE PA report “The Nemtsov Murder and Rule of Law in Russia”of 20 February 2020, and determined to ensure all those responsible for thismurder are brought to account,
6. Underlining its unwavering support and solidarity with all those in the RussianFederation and Belarus who are persecuted by the regimes in Moscow and inMinsk for protesting against the Russian Federation’s war of aggression againstUkraine, perpetrated with the complicit participation of Belarus,
7. Seriously concerned about the attempts to destabilize the situation in theTransdniestrian region of the Republic of Moldova,
8. Noting the final decision and declarations of the 28th Ministerial Council inStockholm, including the Statement on the negotiations on the Transdniestriansettlement process in the “5+2” format,
9. Underscoring the importance of security and stability and the relatedestablishment of good-neighbourly relations between Armenia and Azerbaijan,aimed at sustainable peace and development throughout the South Caucasus,and supporting the continued engagement of the OSCE in this context, whileencouraging the wider international community to support multilateral efforts inassisting the parties to that end by facilitating direct talks, and promotingconfidence-building measures and abstention from the use of force,
10. Expressing deep regretover the unresolved conflict between the RussianFederation and Georgia since 2008, and underscoring the necessity of fullimplementation by the Russian Federation of the EU-mediated 12 August 2008Ceasefire Agreement, as well as the decision by the European Court of HumanRights of January 2021,
11. Emphasizing the deteriorating situation in Afghanistan, which has paved the wayfor cross-border threats, organized crime, the spread of radicalization and violentextremism, terrorism, the illicit trafficking of drugs and weapons, and a spill-overeffect on the security of the bordering Central Asia States,
12. Noting with concern the deteriorating situation in Belarus, in particular theviolation of international human rights obligations, attempts to instrumentalizeillegal migrants, mass repression and oppression of opposing voices, and theoverall lack of commitment to OSCE principles and values,
13. Acknowledging the undeniable repercussions of the emerging digital realm,which require prioritizing the cybersecurity agenda and protecting critical andcivilian infrastructure from cyber threats emanating against and across the OSCEregion,
14. Reiterating full support for the initiatives of the Polish Chair-in-Office, includingthe Renewed OSCE European Security Dialogue and the prioritization of thehuman-centred security approach,
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15. Noting the indispensable and valuable role of women and youth in preventing,managing and resolving conflicts, as well as enhancing durable stability andsecurity across all OSCE participating States,
16. Emphasizingthat transparent and accountable arms control, disarmament andnon-proliferation, andcontrol of armed forces remain indispensable componentsof the common military and political stability within the OSCE area,
17. Recallingthe importance of the Code of Conduct on Politico-Military Aspects ofSecurity adopted on 3 December 1994 as a key document for the democraticoversight of the security sector and for the application of the provisions ofinternational humanitarian law and the law of armed conflict, and reiterating theguiding norms and principles prompting armed forces to operate with full respectfor human rights and fundamental freedoms, including during armed conflicts,
18. Recognizing that the unprecedented security risks stemming from the RussianFederation’s war of aggression against Ukraine, heightened tensions, protractedconflicts, terrorism and violent extremism, the instrumentalization of migrants,use of destabilizing cyberwarfare, and unprecedented distrust and diminishingconfidence in multilateralism and co-operation in the OSCE region require allparticipating States to recommit to OSCE principles; namely, in the dimension ofpolitical affairs and security, in order to uphold the security architecture built onthe premises of the Helsinki Final Act and the Charter of Paris in full conformitywith international law,
19. Reiterating the role of the OSCE as an effective all-inclusive platform where,through the facilitation of diplomatic efforts and co-operation, participating Statescan rebuild basic trust and confidence, de-escalate long-standing hostilities,enhance sustainable peace, comprehensive security and democracy, andrevitalize the shared values and principles of the OSCE region,
The OSCE Parliamentary Assembly:
20. Condemns in the strongest terms the Russian Federation’s ongoing war ofaggression against Ukraine, facilitated by Belarus as co-aggressor, the RussianFederation’s illegal occupation and annexation of Crimea and illegitimate“recognition” and occupation of Luhansk and Donetsk regions, calls upon theRussian Federation to establish an immediate ceasefire and withdraw Russiantroops from the whole of Ukraine, and urges all sides to engage in negotiationsaimed at peaceful resolution of the crisis, with full respect for Ukraine’ssovereignty and territorial integrity;
21. Reaffirmsthe Reagan–Gorbachev dictum that a nuclear war cannot be won andmust never be fought, and urges all nuclear-armed and allied States to implementthis through no-first-use declarations and agreements, and by further reducingthe role of nuclear weapons in security doctrines;
22. Expresses deep regret over the casualties in Ukraine, sympathy for all thoseaffected by the war, including displaced persons and refugees, and graveconcern over credible and mounting evidence of war crimes against civilians inUkraine, including murder, rape and forced deportation, and urges the OSCE
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participating States to support international humanitarian organizations and authorities of Ukraine and neighbouring countries in their efforts to ensure unhindered evacuation, humanitarian assistance and overall safety for all internally displaced people and refugees;
23. Welcomes the re-invocation of the Moscow Mechanism by 45 OSCEparticipating States, gravely concerned about the continuing humanitarian andhuman rights impact of the Russian Federation’s war of aggression, andexpresses support for the work of the independent international commission ofinquiry mandated by the UN Human Rights Council and the ongoing proceedingsat the International Criminal Court, which is conducting an investigation intoalleged war crimes committed by any party to the conflict on any part of theterritory of Ukraine;
24. Demands the immediate release of all those in the Russian Federation andBelarus who are persecuted by the regimes in Moscow and in Minsk forprotesting against the Russian Federation’s war of aggression against Ukraine,perpetrated with the complicit participation of Belarus, including prominentRussian opposition leader Vladimir Kara-Murza, and encourages OSCEparticipating States to intensify their efforts to ensure that those responsible forthe murder of Boris Nemtsov are brought to justice;
25. Reiterates full support for the work of OSCE field missions, which play a key rolein providing fact-based and valuable intelligence necessary for all aspects of theOSCE’s comprehensive security dimensions, especially within the firstdimension, and thus calls forthe restoration of the mandate of the OSCE’sSpecial Monitoring Mission to Ukraine;
26. Encourages the intensification of results-oriented mediation efforts andnegotiations in the framework of the existing platforms for conflict resolution, andcalls on the parties to conflicts to immediately cease all hostilities and engage indialogue to achieve comprehensive and long-lasting peace in full respect for thesovereignty, territorial integrity and inviolability of the internationally recognizedborders of Ukraine, Georgia and the Republic of Moldova;
27. Emphasizes the necessity of maintaining consistent dialogue and results-oriented engagement for the comprehensive, peaceful, and viable settlement ofthe Transdniestrian conflict in the “5+2” format based on the sovereignty andterritorial integrity of the Republic of Moldova within its internationally recognizedborders, with a special status for Transdniestria that fully guarantees the human,political, economic and social rights of its population;
28. Calls on the Russian Federation to end its occupation of the Georgian territoriesof Abkhazia and Tskhinvali and engage constructively in the GenevaInternational Discussions;
29. Recommends the intensification of the involvement of the OSCE MediterraneanPartners for Co-operation (Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia)in joint efforts aimed at co-operation and alleviating current threats in the region,including transnational threats, migration crises, human trafficking and financingof terrorism;
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30. Urges participating States to refrain from exploiting the vulnerabilities ofcyberspace, weaponizing the novel digital domain for cybercrimes, disruptingcritical infrastructure, and infringing human rights, and to continue the work onimplementing confidence-building measures across all OSCE participatingStates;
31. Calls on all participating States to leverage the potential of women and youngpeople in their equal engagement with security and peace efforts and their overallintegration in the decision-making process and institution-building, including localgovernment and international platforms;
32. Urges all participating States that have not already done so to develop andimplement national action plans on women, peace and security, as required byUN Security Council Resolution 1325, which constitutes a comprehensiveagenda for the full involvement of women in maintaining all peace and securityefforts;
33. Urges all participating States to be guided by UN Security Council Resolution2250 on Youth, Peace and Security, which emphasizes that youth constitute apriority in ensuring and promoting peace and security, and thus encourages allOSCE participating States to empower youth representatives and galvanize theirengagements with all stakeholders at the local, national and international levelsin line with this UN resolution;
34. Urgesparticipating States to reinvigorate the debate over the revitalization of theTreaty on Open Skies and the full implementation and revision of the ViennaDocument in line with new security challenges on the ground;
35. Encouragesall participating States to sign the Treaty on the Prohibition ofNuclear Weapons of 2017 in light of the deterioration of critical nuclear security,which could have dire consequences for the OSCE region and beyond;
36. Calls on participating States to put an end to any flagrant contraventions of OSCEcommitments, and instead to re-commit to and consistently uphold the HelsinkiPrinciples in full conformity with international law, which enables conditions forstabilization, peace and security in the OSCE region;
37. Encourages all political leaders in participating States to reinvigorate the debateover European security through the employment of the OSCE’s unique tools andmultilateral negotiation frameworks, particularly by bolstering dialogue withinternational partners and other stakeholders to avert crises and ensure peacefulsolutions to regional and protracted conflicts, while recalling that theinclusiveness, broad membership and principles of the OSCE provide the basisfor this.
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CHAPTER II
ECONOMIC AFFAIRS, SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
38. Recalling the Helsinki Final Act of 1975, in which participating States recognizedthat “efforts to develop co-operation in the fields of trade, industry, science andtechnology, the environment and other areas of economic activity contribute tothe reinforcement of peace and security in Europe and in the world as a whole,”
39. Categorically condemning the Russian Federation’s military invasion of Ukraine,and reiterating the disastrous humanitarian, socio-economic and environmentalconsequences of conflicts, including in terms of food and water security,
40. Applauding the OSCE Ministerial Council Decision No. 3/21 on StrengtheningCo-operation to Address the Challenges caused by Climate Change adopted atthe 28th OSCE Ministerial Council,
41. Welcoming the priorities of the Polish Chairmanship focused on promotingsustainable economic recovery, advancing women’s economic empowermentand addressing environmental risks, and reiterating the support of the OSCE PAfor the work of the Office of the Co-ordinator of OSCE Economic andEnvironmental Activities in aiding participating States to implement economicand environmental commitments in the OSCE region,
42. Supporting the focus of the OSCE’s 30th Economic and Environmental Forumon “Promoting security and stability in the OSCE area through sustainableeconomic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic”, and welcoming the OSCE PAcontribution in this framework,
43. Stressing the unique role of national parliaments in adopting legislation,mobilizing resources, promoting public participation, and creating cross-regionalresponses to advance economic and environmental security, promotesustainable development and implement relevant international commitments inthe OSCE region,
44. Alarmed that the war in Ukraine has significantly weakened security, stability,connectivity and prosperity across the OSCE region, and condemning itsdevastating impact on the environment,
45. Concerned by the profound economic and social repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has severely affected the lives of millions of citizens acrossthe region, and cognizant that, to better mitigate the impact of the health crisison vulnerable communities and particularly exposed sectors, many OSCEparticipating States have enacted unprecedented fiscal, monetary and financialsupport measures which led, inter alia, to rising sovereign debt levels and higherinflation rates,
46. Confirming that, while international trade and relations have been strained by theprolonged health crisis and the war in Ukraine, economic connectivity remainskey to promoting stability and prosperity across the OSCE region,
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47. Condemning Russian use of food supplies as a weapon by blocking exports offood from Ukrainian Black Sea ports and disrupting farming in Ukraine,
48. Stressing that the international community should learn from the COVID-19pandemic to build resilience against and prevent future similar crises throughmore responsible, forward-looking and environmentally-friendly policies, therebybalancing our civilization’s development needs with citizens’ legitimate economicand environmental concerns,
49. Underlining the goal of promoting economic security through innovation, humancapital, good governance and interconnectivity, as well as maximizing the role ofthe digital economy as a driver for competitiveness and inclusive growth,
50. Taking note of demographic changes in the OSCE region that affect botheconomic prosperity and the future performance of social security systems,
51. Underlining the growing migratory pressure experienced by many participatingStates within the context of armed conflict, labour, development and climate, andacknowledging the significant surge in environmentally driven migration anddisplacement, to include an estimated 1.7 billion food-insecure people atadditional risk of hunger and famine as a direct result of the Russian Federation’swar of aggression against Ukraine,
52. Alarmed by the rise of human trafficking in a globalized economy, the growingmisuse of digital technologies to exploit other human beings and the use of forcedlabour that is increasingly prevalent in the production of goods and services,
53. Expressing concern over the persistent lack of transparency in the work of publicentities and widely perceived corruption in public offices that continue to hampercitizens’ trust in democratic institutions and processes,
54. Recalling the OSCE PA 2018 Berlin Declaration, which urged parliaments toadopt legislation to establish or further develop anti-corruption policies and topromote best practices to ensure a genuinely free and competitive market, aswell as enable sustainable and environmentally friendly economic growth,
55. Underlining the benefits of a clean environment for socio-economic development,including reduced public spending on medical treatment and the positive impacton work productivity, and reiterating the relevance of food and water securityacross the OSCE region, especially against the backdrop of climate change andconflict,
56. Inspired by the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its 17Sustainable Development Goals that call for action to end poverty, protect theplanet and ensure peace and prosperity for current and future generations,
57. Fully realizing that comprehensive security is not attainable without addressingseveral interrelated environmental crises including climate change, biodiversityloss, unsustainable use of natural resources and pollution in all its forms,
58. Recalling the nexus between the environment and security recognized by theOSCE PA in the 1992 Budapest Declaration, as well as the notion of protecting
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the planet’s health to preserve our own recognized by the Assembly in 1995 Ottawa and 1996 Stockholm Declarations,
59. Recognizing that the connection between environmental security and publichealth is profound and, therefore, should feature prominently in the internationalsecurity agenda,
60. Particularly concerned that pollution, in all its forms, represents a major healthhazard which should be studied, regularly monitored and evaluated carefully,including in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic,
61. Noting with concern the latest report of the UN Intergovernmental Panel onClimate Change (IPCC), which underlines the “unequivocal” threat that climatechange poses to human well-being and the health of the planet,
62. Acknowledging that human-influenced climate change is increasingly disruptingweather systems, impacting national economies, costing lives and affectingcommunities in countries around the world, and that, as such, it must beaddressed resolutely through enhanced international co-operation and co-ordination at all levels, which takes into account its differentiated impact ondifferent regions and individuals,
63. Welcoming the steps taken since the 2015 UN Climate Change Conference(COP21) and the adoption of the Paris Agreement with the goal of holding theincrease in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°Cabove pre-industrial levels,
64. Also welcoming the outcomes of COP26 in strengthening efforts to buildresilience to climate change, curb greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and providethe necessary finance for both, as well as the European Green Deal’s objectiveto make the European Union climate neutral by 2050,
65. Recalling the OSCE PA 2019 Luxembourg Declaration, which urged parliamentsand governments of OSCE participating States to strengthen their NationallyDetermined Contributions (NDCs) with the goal of limiting the use of fossil fuelssuch as oil, coal and natural gas, and replacing them with cleaner sources ofenergy while increasing energy efficiency,
66. Welcoming the 2021 OSCE PA Parliamentary Plea for Resolute Climate Actionwhich, inter alia, urged OSCE governments to (1) drastically reduce GHGemissions in line with capping temperature increases at 1.5 degrees, (2) developeffective adaptation strategies, (3) mobilize the necessary financial resourcesand (4) co-operate across the board,
67. Recognizing that over 70 per cent of human-caused GHG emissions stem fromthe energy sector, and therefore underlining the urgent need to prioritize thegreening of participating States’ energy and transportation networks, andindustrial and heating/cooling processes, as well as to promote circular economypatterns across the OSCE region to support the transition to a low-carbon andmore resilient future,
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68. Also stressing the benefit of carbon-neutral agricultural policies, forestconservation and management, as well as sustainable land use for food security,rural development and the eradication of poverty,
69. Highlighting the need to implement a green transition that is fair and beneficialfor workers, consumers, companies and States, including by safeguardingdecent work conditions, promoting more equitable access to natural resources,and making our economies more resilient, innovative and competitive,
70. Concerned by the growing instability of energy markets, as illustrated by the highvolatility of prices prompted by a combination of geopolitical tensions, supplybottlenecks, limited storage and the rebounding of the economy from the COVID-19 crisis, and which contributed, inter alia, to higher inflation rates in many OSCEparticipating States,
71. Convinced that enhancing and diversifying energy supplies towards clean energysources is instrumental to achieving carbon-neutrality, alleviating energydependency, and making energy more accessible, resilient and affordable for allhuman needs, thereby minimizing related geopolitical tensions and avoiding newforms of energy poverty,
72. Recognizing that, in the long run, fossil fuel energy is constrained by too manyenvironmental and social drawbacks while new clean energy sources are likelyto become increasingly viable, and therefore determined to accelerate the cleanenergy transition, including through well-calibrated carbon pricing, the expansionof carbon-neutral, affordable and sustainable energy strategies, and sustainedinvestments in research and technological innovation,
73. Realizing that the energy transition – intended as the global energy sector’s shiftfrom fossil-based systems of energy production and consumption to cleanerenergy sources – implies gradual changes and structural ruptures, as well assystemic shifts,
74. Underscoring the role of private business and citizens’ cooperatives in advancingthe clean energy transition, and underlining that good governance, economicdiversification, social dialogue, social protection and availability of transitionfunds, as well as skills development, are important aspects of an equitableenergy transition,
75. Welcoming the critical contribution of science and technology in offering viablesolutions to economic and environmental problems that the world is facing, andstressing the importance of a strong and transparent science-policy interface tobetter inform critical decisions needed to tackle climate change, promotesustainable development and economic growth, protect the environment andsafeguard citizens’ health,
76. Recognizing that the rapid digitalization process taking place across the OSCEarea is generating substantial changes in all spheres of life, and underlining theincredible development opportunities stemming from new technologies, such asartificial intelligence (AI), but also the potential threats arising from their misuse,
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77. Expressing concern about the increasingly frequent misuse of moderncommunication platforms to spread disinformation and propaganda, andmanipulate public opinion, while reiterating the importance of protecting freedomof speech, both offline and online,
78. Welcoming the Parliamentary Web Dialogues organized by the OSCE PA on 22April 2020 on “The Economic Security Fallout of the COVID-19 Pandemic”, on22 May 2020 on “COVID-19: A turning point for environmental protection?”, on25 May 2021 on “Framing the Environmental Security – Public Health Nexus”and on 4 February 2022 on “The Clean Energy Revolution and its Implicationsfor the OSCE Region” as excellent opportunities to share relevant parliamentaryexperience, interface with the scientific community and promote greater policyconvergence around several topical issues on the agenda of the GeneralCommittee on Economic Affairs, Science, Technology and Environment,
The OSCE Parliamentary Assembly:
79. Reiterates its call on all OSCE participating States to redouble their efforts toidentify and pursue co-operative solutions to our common economic andenvironmental security challenges, including those related to economic recovery,connectivity, migration, trafficking in human beings, good governance, climatechange, environmental degradation, pollution, cybersecurity and disinformation;
80. Urges participating States to promote socio-economic development in the OSCEregion and beyond – in line with the Sustainable Development Goals – with theaim of fostering regional stability and prosperity, especially through the increasedrepresentation of women in positions of power, thereby strengthening democracyand promoting sustainable, peaceful and whole-of-society development;
81. Calls on the OSCE participating States to strengthen co-operation to achievesustainable economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic by, inter alia,accelerating the deployment of green technologies, enhancing economic growthand connectivity, and supporting human capital development includingprogressive reforms promoting gender equality and the economic and socialfreedom of women, considering and acting upon the adverse social andeconomic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the backsliding in equality;
82. Urges all participating States to adopt a gender-inclusive approach to economicrecovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and ensure that recovery policiesincorporate an intersectional gender lens and take account of the views ofdiverse groups of stakeholders, including women’s organizations andmarginalized groups;
83. Urges governments, in the context of the military invasion of Ukraine, to considereffective and well-coordinated actions in the economic and environmentalspheres aimed at mitigating the impact of the conflict and restoring internationalpeace and security, which should bear minimal repercussions on the civilianpopulation;
84. Urges participating States to continue to intensify economic pressure on theRussian Federation in response to its unjustified and illegal war in Ukraine,
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including through the ongoing and orderly phase-out of imports of Russian fossil fuels;
85. Calls on governments to ensure greater efforts at the OSCE and EU levels topromote an economic and infrastructural reconstruction programme for Ukrainewith the contribution of the States in the OSCE area;
86. Calls on participating States to develop initiatives for strengthening inter-generational relations and dialogue, enhancing the quality of life in old age andraising living standards across the whole region, and encourages nationalauthorities to monitor demographic changes in the OSCE region throughdedicated working groups, committees and departments, with the aim of betterunderstanding plausible causes and consequences, as well as to consider viablestrategies for remedial action, such as various family supportive measures andother measures intended to revitalize “depopulated” areas and countries facingdemographic crisis, through policies such as investments in material and digitalinfrastructure, digital nomad visas, e-residency, smart working, longevity-relatedpolicies, welfare systems for newly formed households, intergenerationalhousing and telemedicine;
87. Encourages the OSCE participating States to reconsider their supply of energy,spectrum-auction policies, sales of infrastructure and companies, purchases ofkey communications and safety technology, and debt management with the aimof protecting their independence, particularly, but not only from China, andachieving geopolitical stability and global security;
88. Urges the OSCE participating States to promote effective, sustainable andhuman-rights compliant migration governance, develop adequate legal pathwaysfor economic migration, ensure comprehensive border security and increaseinternational co-operation to address the socio-economic and environmentaldrivers of migration and displacement, including push factors such as poverty,weak rule of law and the lack of economic opportunities in the countries of origin;
89. Urges participating States to prioritize and ensure a proactive leadership role ineconomy-based development co-operation and to create competence-basedlong-term strategies with clear and measurable goals to enhance economic co-operation with neighbouring regions in order to foster security in the OSCEregion;
90. Calls upon parliaments to adopt new legislation with the aim of preventing humantrafficking in supply chains through import bans, reporting laws, disclosure lawsand due diligence laws, thereby leveraging the power of “demand” to break thebusiness model of trafficking and enabling enterprises to engage ethically in theglobal market;
91. Encourages parliaments to take action to discourage the demand fosteringtrafficking for sexual exploitation, including by strengthening prevention andcriminal justice frameworks to hold accountable those who use victims oftrafficking;
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92. Calls on the OSCE participating States to establish specialized anti-traffickingunits, strengthen multi-agency co-operation and upgrade relevant policies –including by reflecting the increasingly predominant role that technology plays infacilitating human trafficking – to effectively fight traffickers and protect thevictims;
93. Encourages OSCE participating States to strengthen their statistical and datacollection mechanisms on victims of human trafficking, and to provide training toraise police and public prosecutor awareness of the special nature of humantrafficking;
94. Encourages parliaments to duly regulate issues such as conflicts of interest,transparency in party financing and lobbying practices, as well as to adopt andimplement advanced anti-corruption legislation – including sound ultimatebeneficial ownership laws – and oversee the independence of relevant anti-corruption authorities with the aim to ensure free, fair and competitive markets,as well as promote sustainable economic growth;
95. Urges participating States to take measures to strengthen their systems againstthe corrupt influence of Russian oligarchs and other transnational kleptocrats,including through regulation of the enablers of kleptocracy, which may includelawyers, accountants and other financial gatekeepers;
96. Urges governments to establish effective internal and external controls andaudits, thus enhancing transparency and accountability of public authorities, andto adopt and implement robust regulatory frameworks intended to mitigate risksrelating to money laundering and terrorist financing, in line with relevantinternational standards;
97. Calls on governments of the OSCE participating States to redouble coordinatedefforts in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Developmentand relevant OSCE commitments, duly reconciling global economic progresswith social justice and the preservation of the environment, and urges nationalparliaments to develop coherent and well-informed legislative proposals in thiscontext;
98. Prompts participating States to redirect efforts towards shaping a trulysustainable, carbon-neutral development model in which environmental,economic, social and public health factors are duly factored in, and to implementpolicies such as well-calibrated carbon taxes, effective emission trading systemsand subsidies for low-carbon industries and agriculture to leverage incentivestoward a more green and healthy economy;
99. Urges the OSCE participating States to increase their efforts in the protection ofthe environment, sustainable use of natural resources, and the conservation andrestoration of ecosystems and biodiversity and to integrate nature-basedsolutions into adaptation strategies that consider social, economic and culturalco-benefits for local communities;
100. Calls on national authorities to regularly monitor the status of the environmentand strengthen efforts aimed at identifying the main causes of environmental
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degradation, better understanding how the latter affects different public health components and proposing viable solutions to protect citizens’ health, especially in the context of pollution and microplastic and nanoplastic particles;
101. Encourages OSCE participating States to enhance transboundary co-operationand integrated management of transboundary waters by strengtheningagreements and institutional arrangements, as a key element for the realizationof peace and regional economic integration benefits;
102. Calls on participating States to further their knowledge of the fundamentalinterconnection between poverty, health and pollution and the implementation ofappropriate integrated actions;
103. Urges the OSCE participating States to drastically cut their GHG emissions inline with the Paris Agreement and the COP26 Glasgow Conclusions – includingby committing to progressively more ambitious emission reduction targetsthrough realistic NDCs aimed at capping temperature increases at 1.5ºC – andto boost the low-carbon energy transition by enhancing and diversifying cleanenergy sources, incentivizing energy efficiency, prioritizing clean energytechnologies and making economically viable new sources of clean energy,including through sharp reductions of public subsidies to fossil fuels;
104. Calls on participating States to enhance early warning systems, improve hazardmapping, increase capacity for disaster preparedness and response, and set upcontingency funding plans to prepare for the increased frequency of climate-related shocks;
105. Calls on participating States to strengthen their co-operation in fighting wildfires,in particular through the dispatch of personnel and equipment and the interactionof air assets, and welcomes the creation of the European Centre of Expertise forCivil Security in Nîmes Garons (Nemausus project), bringing together Europeanresearchers, entrepreneurs and pilots in joint projects to which they all contributetheir expertise;
106. Encourages the OSCE participating States to support a community-basedapproach in adapting to climate change, which should be focused on localcommunities’ priorities, needs, knowledge and capacities, including thedifferentiated needs of women and men as well as the elderly and children, low-income groups and people with disabilities, thus empowering people to betterplan for and cope with the impact of climate change;
107. Exhorts the OSCE participating States to meet existing financial commitmentsand come forward with new ambitious climate finance pledges, and prompts themobilization of private financial flows towards climate action by implementingincentives to support lending and investment into green projects, includingthrough the adoption of appropriate regulatory frameworks;
108. Urges national parliaments to adopt coherent legislation, mobilize adequateresources and actively monitor the implementation of the Paris Agreementcommitments, thereby facilitating interdisciplinary knowledge-sharing, promotepublic participation and build critical public support for resolute climate action;
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109. Urges participating States to avoid dependency on any one source of energysupply and on the energy resources of the Russian Federation in particular;
110. Urges parliamentarians to ensure that citizens are placed at the core of theenergy transition process, and that costs and benefits are distributed evenlythroughout society, including through financial support mechanisms and suitablepolicies, so that no one is left behind;
111. Calls on the OSCE participating States to harness the opportunities offered byscience, digitalization and technological innovation to support the greentransition, ensure inclusiveness and develop effective, coherent and well-informed responses to the many interrelated economic and environmentalchallenges affecting the region;
112. Calls on participating States to keep abreast of developments in the field of newtechnologies – and in particular of AI – and ensure that citizens and their securityneeds remain at the core of all relevant efforts, including by promoting multi-stakeholder dialogues, making sure that critical decisions are taken by humansand introducing mandatory labelling when dealing with AI;
113. Urges the establishment of a permanent technical panel within the OSCE,assisted by private stakeholders in the sector, dedicated to cryptocurrencies:studying this technological and economic trend; disseminating crypto-policy bestpractices among participating States; facilitating implementation of large-scaleprogrammes providing education on cryptocurrencies and on business ingeneral; and exploring the potential impacts of cryptocurrencies for the“unbanked” population, economic migrants and political refugees, as well as theirpotential impacts in situations of economic crisis, currency devaluation, conflictand human rights violations;
114. Encourages OSCE participating States to promote greater economic resiliencethrough alternative processes and analogue backup plans for critical supplychains and infrastructure services;
115. Urges parliaments of the OSCE participating States to develop balancedlegislative frameworks to prevent the misuse of social media platforms inspreading disinformation and propaganda, including by ensuring that theiralgorithms areclear, transparent and impartial and by strengthening informationliteracy, particularly among children and youth, while also safeguarding freedomof speech and protecting children and youth in the online sphere, in particularwith regard to violence, gambling, pornography and psychological dependency;
116. Invites the General Committee on Economic Affairs, Science, Technology andEnvironment of the OSCE PA to continue raising awareness and providing anopen platform to share experiences, interface with the scientific world and fosterpolicy convergence around key economic and environmental security challengesin the OSCE region, including through dedicated initiatives in partnership withthe OSCE Executive Structures and other relevant actors.
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CHAPTER III
DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS AND HUMANITARIAN QUESTIONS
“Human Security for All as a Basis for European Security”
117. Acknowledging that for many people within the OSCE region, respect forfundamental freedoms and human rights, as agreed in the Helsinki Final Act andother key OSCE documents, remains an unfulfilled promise,
118. Recognizing that the COVID-19 pandemic produced a further strain on respectfor human rights and democratic principles, negatively impacted gender equality,and further exacerbated socio-economic disparities between many groups in oursocieties,
119. Extremely concerned that the unprovoked attack by Russian Federation forcesupon the people of Ukraine has once again brought war to the centre of Europeand resulted in countless casualties and displaced persons,
120. Condemning the Russian Federation’s illegal naval blockade of the Black Seaports of Ukraine, a leading exporter of wheat and other grains, which along withthe higher cost of fertilizer and the disruption of agricultural production isexacerbating global food insecurity and causing a humanitarian crisis incountries, including some of the world’s least developed and most vulnerable,which rely on Ukrainian agricultural exports to feed their populations,
121. Reiterating that international humanitarian law must be respected and thataccess to humanitarian aid is a fundamental right of people living in conflict zonesand people on the move,
122. Alarmed about credible reports of patterns of violence by Russian troops againstcivilians in Ukraine that may be considered war crimes, crimes against humanityor genocide, including killings, executions, rapes, forced deportations andtargeting of civilian infrastructure, including schools and hospitals,
123. Alarmed at Russian targeting and destruction of Ukraine’s national heritage andcultural property, including churches, museums, historic buildings, libraries andHolocaust sites, which reflect denial of the Ukrainian identity and history,
124. Recognizing that a vibrant civil society, independent of state structures and freefrom their interference, is vital to a stable and prosperous society, and that non-governmental organizations are important avenues for voicing public opinionsand shaping policies and serve as key partners for parliamentarians,
125. Concerned by efforts in some participating States to extend state control over orincrease regulation of the actions of civil society and non-governmentalorganizations,
126. Disturbed that in many OSCE participating States women remain under-represented in political life, and further disturbed by a resurgence of patriarchal-based policies in some participating States,
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127. Noting with regret that discrimination on the basis of race, gender identity,religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation and other grounds remains a real factorimpacting minority communities in all OSCE participating States,
128. Expressing deep concern regarding a continued increase in the number ofpolitical prisoners across the OSCE region, including cases of activists and publicfigures being detained, arrested, convicted and otherwise punished for politicalmotives, as well as all other citizens who have faced similar retaliation for nothingmore than acting upon their rights and freedoms as contained in the HelsinkiFinal Act,
129. Deeply convinced that independent media and an open exchange of informationand views, with minimal state regulation, are fundamental to a healthy, informedand secure society, accountable systems of government and a democratic state,
130. Concerned over the mass circulation of disinformation, accelerated bytechnological advances, and noting with deep concern that some participatingStates have used state media to distribute disinformation and evidently falsenarratives, in particular the Government of the Russian Federation, which hasused lies and hateful rhetoric both abroad and within its controlled media sphereas an additional weapon in its unjustifiable attack on Ukraine,
131. Noting with regret that intimidation and violence against journalists and mediaactors, in particular women and those experiencing marginalization, continue topose a serious threat to the democratic functioning of our societies, and mindfulof the responsibility that state representatives, including parliamentarians, havein condemning the targeting of journalists,
132. Determined to correct deficiencies in the respect for the human rights of ourpopulations,
The OSCE Parliamentary Assembly:
133. Condemns the invasion of Ukraine by the Government of the Russian Federationaided and abetted by the Government of Belarus, as a flagrant violation not onlyof the sovereignty of Ukraine and its territorial integrity, but as an attack againstthe human rights and fundamental freedoms, most notably of the right to life, ofthe people of Ukraine;
134. Stresses that the need for increased focus and military spending thatparticipating States may feel necessary as a result of the Russian Federation’sattack and disregard for the founding principles of the OSCE should not come atthe expense of the socio-economic well-being and human security of theirpopulation;
135. Calls upon the OSCE Secretariat and participating States to continuously monitorthe situation in Ukraine with an aim to redeploying a strong OSCE presence inUkraine to help ensure the security of and support for the humanitarian needs ofits population;
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136. Calls on the Russian Federation to immediately release all Special MonitoringMission (SMM) personnel remaining in illegal detention and to end the campaignof denigration against the SMM conducted by the Russian Federation and itsproxies;
137. Firmly condemns the targeting of civilians as part of the war in Ukraine, includingapparent mass killings in Bucha, Borodyanka and other cities of Ukraine, andcalls for all war crimes and crimes against humanity to be fully investigated andthose responsible to be held accountable;
138. Urges participating States to accede to and respect the Geneva Convention forthe Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces inthe Field (12 August 1949); treat with dignity, care for the wounded and ensurethe evacuation of civilian casualties; and accede to and comply with theConvention on Anti-Personnel Landmines of 18 September 1997 (OttawaConvention) and the Convention on Cluster Munitions of 3 December 2008 (OsloConvention);
139. Welcomes the report of the OSCE Moscow Mechanism experts as an importantcontribution to understanding the human rights violations caused by the war inUkraine, and urges further authoritative investigations into any and all violations;
140. Condemns Russian destruction of cultural heritage and artefacts and calls onparticipating States to assist in protecting remaining cultural sites and artefactsand to incorporate restoration in any reconstruction plans;
141. Urges all military forces to enable full access by humanitarian aid agencies to allpersons impacted by the war in Ukraine, including full access to Crimea, and theDonetsk and Luhansk regions of Ukraine;
142. Stresses that sanctions imposed by many OSCE participating States on theRussian Federation for its aggression against Ukraine are targeted against theleaders of the Russian Federation and not against the Russian people, whoseviews are not effectively represented due to the undemocratic processes of themodern Russian State;
143. Welcomes the extraordinary efforts of Ukrainian and neighbouring governmentsand people to house and care for the millions of innocent people displaced bythe war in Ukraine and the strong support and assistance by participating Statesacross the OSCE region;
144. Expresses its appreciation to the many OSCE participating States that havefacilitated processes for resettlement of refugees displaced by the war, andrecalls that such efforts should be in addition to, rather than replace, existingresettlement programmes for persons in need of protection from across theworld;
145. Urges participating States to refrain from any action likely to undermine the foodsecurity of the inhabitants of a State, in particular by destroying places of storageor blocking or using food as a means of blackmail, and urges participating States
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not to damage vital civilian infrastructure (such as water pipelines or strategic sites) in another participating State;
146. Recognizes with regret the devastating impact that conflict has on populationslong after open hostilities have ended, and urges increased diplomatic efforts tofind lasting peaceful solutions to protracted conflicts in the OSCE area;
147. Condemns the humanitarian and human rights situation which has deterioratedin Russian-occupied regions of Georgia – Abkhazia and the Tskhinvaliregion/South Ossetia – as a result of the violations of fundamental freedoms andhuman rights of people living there, various forms of discrimination against ethnicGeorgians, and the obliteration and alteration of Georgian features fromGeorgian cultural heritage monuments in both regions, as a direct consequenceof the Russian Federation’s ongoing occupation and “russification” policy;
148. Calls upon participating States to prioritize a burden-sharing approach towardsasylum-seekers, placing the well-being of vulnerable people at the centre ofpolicy responses, regardless of the origins of the migrants;
149. Recognizes the particular risks faced by vulnerable groups, in particular womenand children, of falling victim to human trafficking, and calls upon all participatingStates to review and, where relevant, implement the recommendations of theOSCE Special Representative and Co-ordinator for Combating Trafficking inHuman Beings;
150. Calls upon the parliaments of OSCE participating States to fully exerciseparliamentary oversight over government action to prevent and combat humantrafficking and to contribute to efforts to raise public awareness of those criminalactivities;
151. Affirms the right of all persons to seek asylum, and condemns the increase in“pushbacks” of asylum seekers in several participating States as a breach of lawand of their basic human rights;
152. Stresses that the provision of life-saving aid must never be criminalized,applauds the invaluable work carried out by non-governmental organizations andfaith-based initiatives to provide humanitarian support to migrants and refugees,and calls on all participating States to ensure that their legal frameworks facilitateand protect the provision of such support by individuals and groups;
153. Reaffirms that non-governmental organizations are an important organizingmechanism for civil society, and should be able to function with only the minimalamount of regulation required by law to serve their purposes;
154. Condemns efforts by governments in some participating States to effectively shutdown the space for independent non-governmental organizations and civilsociety work, notably through the increasing use of administrative, legislative andlegal tools, including the application of overly burdensome registration andtaxation regulations, excessive requirements for physical offices, application ofinappropriate disparaging labels such as “foreign agents”, and spuriousprosecution efforts;
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155. Calls upon all OSCE participating States to undertake regular reviews oflegislation related to the registration and regulation of the work of non-governmental organizations in co-operation with experts from the OSCE/ODIHRto ensure compliance with human rights standards;
156. Reaffirms the important role that an independent judiciary plays in a democraticsociety, and condemns the efforts in a number of participating States toundermine the independence of judicial systems as a serious and systemicattack on people’s full enjoyment of their human rights;
157. Stresses the continuing importance of professional and independent electionobservation, as conducted by the OSCE through the ODIHR and theParliamentary Assembly, and calls for increased follow-up efforts and politicalengagement with mission recommendations;
158. Deplores that women politicians and women journalists are regularly subjectedto harassment and discrimination both online and offline, and recognizes thistrend as a serious impediment to true gender equality in the OSCE region;
159. Expresses its appreciation to the OSCE/ODIHR for its work supporting therealization of gender-sensitive parliaments, as well as to the office of the OSCERepresentative on Freedom of the Media for its work related to the safety offemale journalists, and calls upon all Members of the OSCE PA to engage withand meaningfully support such efforts;
160. Notes that the lack of comprehensive data related to hate crimes limits thecapacity for participating States and the OSCE to address these abhorrentcrimes;
161. Urges all OSCE participating States to increase awareness-raising efforts aboutthe special nature of hate crimes, including for criminal justice officials, and tostrengthen their support systems for victims of hate crimes in close co-operationwith civil society organizations;
162. Calls upon all participating States to work with the OSCE/ODIHR to improve themechanisms they use to record hate crimes and collect data, and to report at aminimum data based on the following bias motivations: racist and xenophobiccrimes, anti-Roma crimes, anti-Semitic crimes, anti-Muslim crimes, anti-Christiancrimes, other crimes based on religion or belief, gender-based crimes, anti-lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) crimes, and disability-related crimes;
163. Stresses the necessity of sexual and reproductive health and rights inempowering women and in ameliorating possibilities for their equal participationin the political and public life of their communities;
164. Encourages all Members of the OSCE PA to publicly condemn hate crimes anytime they occur, particularly in their own countries, and to work within their ownparliaments to ensure that legislation recognizes the bias motivation in hatecrimes and that adequate penalties are imposed on perpetrators;
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165. Notes the importance of governments publicly recognizing state responsibility forhistorical crimes and injustices committed particularly against indigenouspeoples as an important element in restorative justice;
166. Recalls its endorsement at the 2014 Annual Session of the adoption by theParliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe of a Resolution confirming thedefinition of political prisoners;
167. Expresses concern about the existence in some OSCE participating States ofthousands of documented political prisoners, many of whom have beensubjected to additional discrimination and punishment for publicly expressingviews critical of official policies and practices, including those facing criminalpenalties for their opposition to the Russian Federation’s war of aggressionagainst Ukraine;
168. Calls on the OSCE and its Institutions, as well as the participating Statesthemselves, to focus greater attention on the issue of political imprisonment as aviolation of the human rights and fundamental freedoms enumerated in PrincipleVII of the Helsinki Final Act and developed in subsequent commitments adoptedby the OSCE, and further to seek to raise their concerns about politicalimprisonment directly;
169. Affirms the fundamental right of individuals, institutions and organizations, whilerespecting intellectual property rights, to obtain, possess, reproduce anddistribute information material of all kinds, both online and offline, and remindsparticipating States that they should remove any restrictions inconsistent withthese rights;
170. Concerned by the use of administrative, legislative and legal tools to limit theindependence of the media in some countries, and calls on all participatingStates to review legislation related to the media in consultation with the Office ofthe Representative on Freedom of the Media to ensure compliance with humanrights standards;
171. Further affirms that everyone shall have the right of peaceful assembly anddemonstration, online and offline, and reminds participating States that anyrestrictions placed on the exercise of these rights, including for public healthreasons, must be strictly necessary, proportional to the gravity of the emergencysituation, time-limited and directly related to the specific need on which they arepredicated;
172. Considers that actions to restrict human rights and fundamental freedoms, evenif endorsed through legislation, remain problematic, and calls upon participatingStates to regularly review legislation impacting fundamental freedoms in co-operation with the OSCE/ODIHR, the OSCE Representative on Freedom of theMedia, and other expert bodies;
173. Encourages OSCE PA Members to initiate reviews of their national legislation toensure that freedom of assembly, association, conscience and expression aresubject to the same protections online as in the offline world;
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174. Notes the importance of transparency of information on media organizations, andcalls upon OSCE participating States to review their legislation related to mediaoutlets to ensure that members of the public and civil society can readily informthemselves about ownership and funding of media organizations;
175. Concerned by the increasing negative impact of disinformation from both publicand state sources in the OSCE region, therefore calls upon all OSCEparticipating States to act in accordance with the General Principles outlined inthe March 2017 Joint Declaration on Freedom of Expression and “Fake News,”Disinformation and Propaganda of the UN Special Rapporteur on Freedom ofOpinion and Expression, the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media,the Organization of American States Special Rapporteur on Freedom ofExpression and the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights SpecialRapporteur on Freedom of Expression and Access to Information.
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RESOLUTION ON
THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION’S WAR OF AGGRESSION AGAINST UKRAINE AND ITS PEOPLE, AND ITS THREAT TO SECURITY ACROSS THE
OSCE REGION
1. Recalling that, on 24 February 2022 the Russian Federation, with the support ofthe Republic of Belarus, launched a full-scale military invasion and war ofaggression against Ukraine against the backdrop of ongoing Russian aggressionin violation of Ukraine’s sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity since2014,
2. Appalled by the large-scale, state-sponsored campaign of disinformation andpropaganda emanating from the Russian Federation that seeks to dehumanizethe Ukrainian people, deny the Ukrainian State the right to exist, justify a war ofaggression and falsely portray horrific acts committed by Russian forces,
3. Stressing that the Russian Federation, under its current political leadership, hasviolated in its war of aggression against Ukraine but also elsewhere the principlesenshrined in the 1975 Helsinki Final Act, which include sovereign equality ofparticipating States; respect for the rights inherent in sovereignty; refraining fromthe threat or use of force; inviolability of frontiers; territorial integrity of States;peaceful settlement of disputes; non-intervention in internal affairs; respect forhuman rights and fundamental freedoms; equal rights and self-determination ofpeoples; co-operation among States; and fulfilment in good faith of obligationsunder international law,
4. Recalling the OSCE PA Resolution on Clear, Gross and Uncorrected Violationsof Helsinki Principles by the Russian Federation (2014); the Resolution on theContinuation of Clear, Gross and Uncorrected Violations of OSCE Commitmentsand International Norms by the Russian Federation (2015); the Resolution onAdherence to the Helsinki Principles in Inter-State Relations Across the OSCEArea (2015); the Resolution on Violations of Human Rights and FundamentalFreedoms in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the City of Sevastopol(2016); the Resolution on Restoration of the Sovereignty and Territorial Integrityof Ukraine (2017); the Resolution on Ongoing Violations of Human Rights andFundamental Freedoms in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the City ofSevastopol (Ukraine) (2018); the Resolution on the Militarization by the RussianFederation of the Temporarily Occupied Autonomous Republic of Crimea andthe City of Sevastopol, Ukraine, the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov (2019); andthe Resolution on The Destabilizing Military Build-Up by the Russian FederationNear Ukraine, in the Temporarily Occupied Autonomous Republic of Crimea andthe City of Sevastopol, Ukraine, the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov (2021),
5. Welcoming the adoption of UN General Assembly resolutions on AggressionAgainst Ukraine (ES 11/1) on 2 March 2022, and Humanitarian Consequencesof the Aggression Against Ukraine (ES 11/2) on 24 March 2022, as well as theUN Human Rights Council resolution on the Deteriorating Human RightsSituation in Ukraine Stemming from the Russian Aggression on 12 May 2022,
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6. Taking into account as well UN General Assembly Resolution 68/262 of 27 March2014 on the Territorial Integrity of Ukraine; UN General Assembly Resolution71/205 of 19 December 2016 on the Situation of Human Rights in theAutonomous Republic of Crimea and the City of Sevastopol (Ukraine); UNGeneral Assembly Resolution 72/190 of 19 December 2017 on the Situation ofHuman Rights in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the City of Sevastopol,Ukraine; UN General Assembly Resolution 73/194 of 17 December 2018 on TheProblem of Militarization of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the City ofSevastopol (Ukraine), as well as Parts of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov;and UN General Assembly Resolution 73/263 of 22 December 2018 on theSituation of Human Rights in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the Cityof Sevastopol, Ukraine,
7. Expressing deep appreciation for the work of the OSCE Observer Mission, theProject Co-ordinator in Ukraine and the Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine,as well as their dedicated personnel, who often worked under difficult conditions,for serving as impartial observers on the ground until the Russian Federationregrettably blocked consensus among the participating States on the extensionof their mandates,
8. Expressing continued outrage at the unprovoked, brutal and unjustifiedescalation of this aggression on a neighbouring State via the use ofindiscriminate and excessive force by the Russian Federation, with the ongoingsupport of Belarus,
9. Expressing outrage as well at the Russian military’s targeting of civilians, civilianinfrastructure and humanitarian corridors, and the reported cases of summaryexecutions, rape, use of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatmentof those detained,
10. Condemning forced deportations of Ukrainian citizens to the Russian Federation,including unaccompanied children, to so-called filtration camps and the reportedillegal adoption and transfer of children to an alien environment taking away theirUkrainian identity,
11. Expressing alarm over the heightened risks of human trafficking as well as sexualand gender-based violence faced by Ukrainian refugees and internally displacedpersons (IDPs), the majority of whom are women and girls, as a result of Russianaggression and the forced migration it has caused,
12. Deeply concerned about the destruction of cultural property, looting of artworkand other cultural assets belonging to the cultural heritage of Ukraine and itspeople,
13. Noting with concern the violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms inareas of Ukraine illegally occupied by the Russian Federation, includingrestrictions on the Ukrainian language, the imposition of a Russian curriculum inschools, attacks on civil rights activists and journalists carrying out their work, aswell as the promotion of an environment of intolerance and discrimination,
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14. Appalled that aggressive and violent actions had been previously taken by theRussian Federation against other participating States, including Georgia andMoldova, and that the Russian Federation maintains unacceptable conditions ofeffective occupation or control of some of the territory of those participatingStates to the present day,
15. Considering these violations not only a direct threat to the unity, sovereignty andterritorial integrity of Ukraine and other neighbouring States, but also a commonthreat to the security of all other OSCE participating States,
16. Expressing continued concern regarding ongoing Russian threats andaggressive actions towards the Baltic States, Central and Eastern Europe, andin the Black Sea region, and the Russian Federation’s efforts to use energy, tradeand military threats as means of blackmail and intimidation,
17. Taking into account the report of the mission of experts produced under theMoscow Mechanism invoked by 45 participating States to investigate violationsof OSCE commitments and international humanitarian law in Ukraine, includinginstances in which war crimes and crimes against humanity may have takenplace, from 24 February to 1 April 2022, which found “clear patterns ofinternational humanitarian law violations by the Russian forces on many of theissues investigated,” including direct targeting of civilians, deliberate attacks onmedical facilities, rape, torture, executions, looting and forced displacement ofcivilians to the Russian Federation,
18. Considering that these violations could be considered war crimes, crimes againsthumanity or genocide,
19. Highlighting the effect of the conflict on global supply chains, energy prices,poverty and food scarcity, which has only compounded the economic fallout fromthe COVID-19 pandemic,
20. Expressing concern at the crackdown on anti-war protestors, independent mediaand political dissent in the Russian Federation and in Belarus,
21. Highlighting with alarm, the Russian Federation’s continued, illegal anddisruptive naval blockade against Ukraine, which is another compounding factorin Ukraine’s ongoing economic and humanitarian crisis, a source of air strikesagainst Ukrainian territory in both military and civilian areas alike, and alsothreatens global food security by preventing Ukrainian food exports upon whichpopulations around the world rely,
22. Noting with extreme concern the horrifying potential for the use of chemical,biological or nuclear weapons in contravention of international prohibitions on theuse of such weapons through various international conventions,
The OSCE Parliamentary Assembly:
23. Condemns resolutely and unequivocally the ongoing, intensified, clear, grossand still uncorrected violations of Helsinki Principles as well as of fundamentalprinciples of international law by the Government of the Russian Federation in its
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war of aggression against Ukraine, as well as the complicity of Belarus in this war of aggression, and calls on the governments of OSCE participating States to do the same;
24. Views Vladimir Putin as ultimately responsible for the horrific acts of violence anddestruction that constitute the Russian Federation’s violations of HelsinkiPrinciples and commitments in Ukraine;
25. Notes that Alexander Lukashenko has actively and concretely supportedRussian aggression and is therefore complicit in the horrific acts of violence anddestruction that constitute the Russian Federation’s violations of HelsinkiPrinciples and commitments in Ukraine;
26. Rejects the denials as well as false claims and arguments that have been putforward to justify the Russian Federation’s violations of Helsinki Principles in itsunprovoked aggression against Ukraine;
27. Reaffirms its strong support for the sovereignty, independence, unity andterritorial integrity of Ukraine within its internationally recognized borders;
28. Reiterates its refusal to recognize the illegal occupation of Crimea by the RussianFederation, or the establishment through the use of force of any autonomousregions or independent entities within the internationally recognized borders ofUkraine or of any other neighbouring participating State;
29. Calls for the immediate cessation of hostilities by the Russian Federation and theimmediate, complete, and unconditional withdrawal of all Russian forces fromthe territory of Ukraine within its internationally recognized borders, includingDonetsk, Luhansk and Crimea, as called for by the UN General AssemblyResolution ES-11/1 of 2 March 2022 and the Order of the International Court ofJustice dated 16 March 2022;
30. Urges governments to commit to immediate, ongoing and concrete actionsdemonstrating support for the authorities and citizens of Ukraine in defendingthemselves and their territory within its internationally recognized borders andterritorial waters;
31. Appreciates the response of those participating States, particularly thoseneighbouring Ukraine, which have provided shelter and assistance to thoseUkrainian citizens who have been forced to flee their homes and seek safetyelsewhere;
32. Appreciates the contribution of all members of civil society, volunteers and NGOswho have become selflessly engaged in helping war refugees and providing fortheir subsequent integration, and urges all participating States to continueproviding their support and solidarity by all possible means;
33. Demandsall parties to allow safe and unfettered passage for civilians todestinations outside of Ukraine and to facilitate the rapid, safe and unhinderedaccess to humanitarian assistance for those in need in Ukraine; to protect allcivilian persons in vulnerable situations; to ensure the freedom and well-being of
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Ukrainian civilians deported to Russia, including children, and their quick return; and to ensure the safety of humanitarian personnel as they carry out their work;
34. Notes that Contracting Parties to the Convention on the Prevention andPunishment of the Crime of Genocide, which entered into force in 1951,confirmed that genocide, namely acts committed with intent to destroy, in wholeor in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group, whether committed in timesof peace or in times of war, is a crime under international law, which theyundertake to prevent and punish;
35. Supports a continued international effort, in co-operation with Ukraine, to collectevidence of violations of international humanitarian law in Ukraine and to holdaccountable those responsible by bringing them to justice through an effectivelegal mechanism at all levels of political and military authority, particularly for actsdetermined to constitute a war of aggression, war crimes, crimes againsthumanity or genocide of the Ukrainian people;
36. Calls for the quick establishment of effective legal mechanisms to prosecute andpunish those responsible for such crimes, including a special internationalcriminal tribunal, as well as the provision of the financial support needed for thiseffort to succeed in providing justice;
37. Acknowledges those citizens of the Russian Federation and Belarus who havecourageously expressed opposition to the war against Ukraine waged by theundemocratic Governments of their countries, and have expressed theirsolidarity with the Ukrainian people;
38. Calls on the governments of all other participating States, individually andcollectively, to declare the clear, gross and uncorrected nature of the RussianFederation’s violations of Helsinki Final Act principles and commitments inUkraine, and to consider therefore the possibility of whatever collective responsemay be deemed appropriate and necessary to safeguard human rights,democracy and the rule of law through peaceful means in light of these violations,as foreseen by the signatories to the Document on Further Development ofCSCE Institutions and Structures adopted at the Prague meeting of theMinisterial Council of 30–31 January 1992, paragraph 16;
39. Condemns the Russian Federation’s threatening nuclear rhetoric, recalls that thefive nuclear-weapon States, including the Russian Federation, have affirmed thata nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought, and calls on all Statesparties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weaponsto recommitto the treaty’s Article VI on nuclear disarmament, with the ultimate goal being asecurity environment that allows for a world without nuclear weapons;
40. Urges the OSCE and participating States to explore possibilities for theredeployment of an OSCE field operation in Ukraine with a robust mandateincluding support for the many security and humanitarian needs of the Ukrainianpopulation;
41. Welcomes the appointment by the OSCE PA President of a SpecialRepresentative for Parliamentary Dialogue on Ukraine, and endorses his efforts
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to contribute to OSCE dialogue-facilitation efforts related to the conflict as well as to parliamentary dialogue in support of negotiations aimed at effectively ending the conflict by diplomatic means;
42. Emphasizes its ongoing readiness to assist in bringing the Russian war ofaggression against Ukraine to an end, resolving differences, restoring peace andrespect for human rights and fundamental freedoms throughout Ukraine withinits internationally recognized borders, alleviating tensions, building confidenceand ultimately restoring peaceful relations by facilitating dialogue in place ofaggression as well as greater respect for human rights, fundamental freedomsand democratic norms in the Russian Federation, Belarus and throughout theOSCE region;
43. Calls on the OSCE PA Standing Committee to amend the Assembly’s Rules ofProcedure so that in the case of a violation of the sovereignty and territorialintegrity of an OSCE participating State by another of the OSCE participatingStates, of OSCE principles and commitments, and of the Helsinki Final Act, thecredentials of the national parliamentary delegation of the State committing theviolation shall be challenged. The President shall appoint a CredentialsCommittee, which shall report its recommendations forthwith to the Bureau for adecision on whether to suspend the mandate of the delegation until significantchanges to the policy of the State committing the violation have taken place;
44. Agrees to remain heavily focused on this primary threat to the security of allOSCE participating States, and to actively consider further actions that may beappropriate for it to take in response to the Russian Federation’s war ofaggression with the support of Belarus, and the clear, gross, and uncorrectedviolations of Helsinki Principles that have occurred as a result;
45. Holds responsible governmental and non-government actors that violateinternational sanctions on Russia.
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RESOLUTION ON
VICTIMS OF TERRORISM
1. Reiterating that terrorism constitutes one of the most serious threats tointernational peace and security, and unequivocally condemning all acts,methods and practices of terrorism in all its forms and manifestations, whereverand by whomsoever committed, regardless of their motivation, as criminal andunjustifiable, while emphasizing that terrorism and violent extremism conduciveto terrorism cannot and should not be associated with any religion, nationality,civilization or ethnic group,
2. Deploring, in the strongest terms, the incitement of terrorist acts, and repudiatingattempts at the justification or glorification of terrorist acts, which may incitefurther terrorist acts, while respecting the right to freedom of expression reflectedin Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in Article 19 of theInternational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,
3. Condemning all acts of terrorism, international and domestic, including such actsbased on hatred, intolerance, racism and discrimination, which the Assemblynoted at its 2021 Remote Session were escalating across the OSCE region,
4. Strongly condemning all forms of sexual and gender-based violence perpetratedby terrorist groups, including abductions, trafficking in persons, rape, forcedmarriage, enslavement, and all other forms of violence, especially that sufferedby women and children, and stressing that all those victims should be recognizedas victims irrespective of their perceived status or affiliation with such groups andare thus entitled to all gender-sensitive and victim-centred support, as well as theimportance of closing the impunity gap for perpetrators and increasingrehabilitation and reintegration measures for victims,
5. Underscoring that respect for human rights, fundamental freedoms and the ruleof law are complementary to and mutually reinforce effective counter-terrorismmeasures, and noting the importance of respect for the rule of law so as toeffectively prevent and counter terrorism,
6. Reiterating that States bear the primary responsibility for preventing andcountering terrorism, violent extremism and radicalization that lead to terrorism,while respecting their obligations under applicable domestic and internationallaw,
7. Deeply deploring the suffering caused by terrorism to the victims and theirfamilies/beloved ones, reaffirming its profound solidarity with the victims andsurvivors of terrorism and heartfelt condolences to their families and to the peopleand governments that have been targeted, and emphasizing the need to promoteinternational solidarity in support of all victims of terrorism and to ensure that theyare treated with dignity and respect,
8. Reaffirming the determination to remain united in preventing and counteringterrorism, through increased international co-operation and a sustained andcomprehensive approach at all relevant levels involving the active participation
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and co-operation of all participating States and relevant international and regional organizations as well as local communities and civil society, especially victims of terrorism themselves, their associations and organizations,and sharing on a voluntary basis of best practices and lessons learned related to the protection of victims of terrorism,
9. Stressing the importance of treating victims with compassion and providingvictims with access to their rights, in accordance with applicable domestic andinternational law, to help them to rebuild their lives and the lives of their families,including the rights to assistance, accountability, reparation or restitution, truth,protection, information and access to justice, and properly supporting andassisting them immediately after an attack and in the long term,
10. Underlining the need to ensure that the suffering of victims is not instrumentalizedand expressions of solidarity with them are not used to justify abusive orexcessive counter-terrorism measures incompatible with applicable domesticand international law,
11. Emphasizing that measures to support and assist victims of terrorism mustensure non-discrimination and equality among victims of all crimes to avoidcreating any hierarchy among victims, and that any difference in treatmentafforded to victims of acts of terrorism, as distinct from victims of other crimes,should be based upon their specific needs in accordance with applicabledomestic and international law and recognized best practices,
12. Emphasizing the importance of involving civil society, in particular families, youth,women, victims of terrorism, and religious, cultural and educational leaders, aswell as the media, including information technology companies, in supportingvictims, including in the provision of assistance and medical, legal, psychosocialor financial support services,
13. Recognizing the decisive role that victims of terrorism, victims’ associations andcivil society actors can play in efforts to counter terrorism by bringing publicawareness to the human impact of terrorist acts, which can also contribute to theprevention of terrorism and the building of resilience and social cohesion,
14. Highlighting the importance of effective co-ordination and co-operation amongrelevant governmental authorities, civil society organizations, including victims’,community-based and grassroots organizations, and private sector providers insupporting and assisting victims,
15. Underscoring further the central role of the UN in preventing and counteringterrorism and violent extremism, and the need for all States' actions to beconducted in compliance with the UN Charter and all other applicable obligationsunder international law, including international human rights law, internationalrefugee law, and international humanitarian law, as well as relevant UN SecurityCouncil Resolutions,
16. Welcoming the new UN Model Legislative Provisions to Support and Protect theRights and Needs of Victims of Terrorism, also reflecting the contribution of theOSCE PA in the drafting of these Provisions, and commending the adoption of
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UN General Assembly Resolution 73/305 to enhance international co-operation to assist victims of terrorism, and of UN General Assembly Resolution 72/165 establishing an International Day of Remembrance of and Tribute to the Victims of Terrorism,
17. Welcoming the outcomes of the International Conference on Victims of Terrorismin the sphere of the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly, held in Madrid, Spain, on15–16 November 2018, which underlined the urgency to coherently address thecomplex needs of the victims of terrorism by duly integrating them intocomprehensive counter-terrorism policies and practices at the national level, aswell as the efforts of the UN Conference on Victims of Terrorism, held in Romeon 7–8 June 2022 in co-operation with the OSCE PA and the ParliamentaryAssembly of the Mediterranean, on promoting this topic at a parliamentary level,
18. Welcoming further important efforts by the Council of Europe to expand its workin this area, including through the 24/7 Network of Single Contact Points for theexchange of procedural information regarding the legal standing of victims ofterrorism, to facilitate cross border information sharing,
19. Recalling the efforts of the OSCE in preventing and countering terrorism, and inparticular, noting the OSCE Ministerial Council Declaration on Preventing andCountering Violent Extremism and Radicalization that Lead to Terrorism (2015)and the OSCE Permanent Council Decision No. 618 on Solidarity with Victims ofTerrorism (2004),
20. Confirming the importance of the full implementation of the OSCE PA’sResolution on Preventing and Countering Terrorism and Violent Extremism andRadicalization that lead to Terrorism (2018) and Resolution on the ChallengesRelated to Returning and Relocating Foreign Terrorist Fighters (2019), which callfor inclusive, effective and human rights-compliant counter-terrorism responsesin the OSCE region,
21. Taking positive note of the recurring themes identified by the OSCE PA Ad HocCommittee on Countering Terrorism as priority areas where the Assembly mayadd a distinct parliamentary value, including support to the victims of terrorism,and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms in counteringterrorism, as well as welcoming timely counter-terrorism initiatives implementedby the Ad Hoc Committee on Countering Terrorism since 2020,
22. Hailing the OSCE PA’s strategic partnership with the OSCE executive structureson countering terrorism, as well as with the United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism (UNOCT), which led to the signing of a landmark Memorandum ofUnderstanding between the two organizations in 2020, and to the launching of anew Counter-Terrorism Co-ordination Mechanism among ParliamentaryAssemblies in 2021,
23. Welcoming the establishment of the UN Global Programme on ParliamentaryEngagement in Preventing and Countering Terrorism, implemented inpartnership with inter-parliamentary assemblies and other internationalorganizations, to expand the reach of parliamentarians in working towards thefull implementation of the international counter-terrorism framework,
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The OSCE Parliamentary Assembly:
24. Calls on OSCE participating States to swiftly and fully implement the internationallegal framework on countering terrorism, as well as relevant OSCE commitmentsin this field;
25. Calls on participating States to decisively address domestic terrorism targeted atgroups based on ethnicity, race, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, age,religion, political affiliation or citizenship status, including through the adoption ofan OSCE Anti-Discrimination, Equity, and Inclusion Plan, as urged by theAssembly at its 2021 Remote Session;
26. Exhorts OSCE participating States to adopt and align relevant national legislationin line with the new UN Model Legislative Provisions to Support and Protect theRights and Needs of Victims of Terrorism, as appropriate;
27. Calls upon all OSCE participating States to develop comprehensive assistanceplans for victims of terrorism, regardless of whether the perpetrator of the terroristact is identified, apprehended, prosecuted or convicted, consistent with domesticlaw, taking into account a gender perspective, to address the immediate, short-term and long-term needs of victims of terrorism and their families, with regardto their relief and rehabilitation, ensuring that they are provided with propersupport and assistance, both immediately after an attack and in the long term;
28. Encourages OSCE participating States to co-operate with relevant institutions ofcivil society in initiating, developing and implementing policies and services thatempower victims of terrorism, as well as in expressing solidarity with, andproviding support for, the victims of terrorism and their families;
29. Calls on all OSCE participating States to ensure that victims of terrorism receivethe material, medical, psychological and social assistance that is necessary tomeet their needs as victims, and that all assistance is accessible and available,on a non-discriminatory basis, including to groups with special needs orvulnerabilities;
30. Prompts national authorities to ensure the right of victims of terrorism to full,adequate, effective and prompt reparation for all harm suffered from terrorism,including where it is not available from a person or entity responsible for suchterrorism;
31. Appeals to OSCE participating States to ensure that victims are timely informedof their rights to assistance, reparation, protection and access to justice and thatthey are provided with effective, fair, humane, transparent and accountablecriminal justice systems, in accordance with applicable domestic andinternational law, and provided with measures to support each victim’s specificneeds, including when developing and maintaining appropriate strategies forprosecution and rehabilitation;
32. Calls upon OSCE participating States to respect the dignity and legal rights ofvictims of terrorism, as provided for in domestic law, in criminal litigation, and ingaining access to justice, to enable full participation by victims of terrorism and
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involvement in all appropriate stages of criminal proceedings, including the right to be considered for witness protection measures and appropriate support during criminal proceedings, awareness of court proceedings and charges, the right to be treated with fairness and with respect for their dignity and privacy, and for their safety from intimidation and retaliation, in particular where they appear as witnesses, the right to full and timely restitution, and the ability to address the court and consult with prosecutors;
33. UrgesOSCE participating States to implement necessary measures to preventsecondary and repeat victimization to victims of terrorism within the criminaljustice process, duly emphasizing the importance of a victim-centred approachand the principle of “do no harm” with respect to the rights, dignity, and well-beingof victims, with due regard to particular vulnerabilities, and the need forappropriate trauma-informed training for professionals who come into contactwith victims;
34. Encourages OSCE participating States to establish a permanent co-ordinationbody for victims of terrorism composed of representatives from all relevant publicauthorities and civil society organizations, including non-governmentalorganizations, victims’ associations, victims’ advocates and women’s rightsassociations;
35. Urges OSCE participating States to develop a multidisciplinary and accessiblecrisis response team that includes victim assistance professionals, whichproactively identifies victims and assesses their needs in the aftermath of anattack;
36. Urges parliamentarians in the OSCE region to strengthen national legislationessential in combating terrorism, promote respect for and solidarity with victimsof terrorism, and speak out strongly and promptly against terrorism and violentextremism and radicalization leading to terrorism;
37. Encourages OSCE participating States to further develop the role and profile ofthe OSCE as a regional security platform for the exchange of good practice,lessons learned and information, as well as for promoting co-operation amongparticipating States, including on victims of terrorism;
38. Calls on the 2022 and 2023 Chairs-in-Office of the OSCE to continue to promotean active role for the OSCE in this domain, and encourages the OSCE executivestructures in co-operation with the OSCE PA and by leveraging on theirrespective strengths to continue to raise awareness, promote good practices,and assist the OSCE participating States in the implementation of relevantinternational obligations and OSCE commitments, in line with the OSCE'scomprehensive approach to security and taking into account a gender- and child-sensitive perspective;
39. Encourages the OSCE PA Ad Hoc Committee on Countering Terrorism tocontinue to add value in this field through targeted initiatives in partnership withnational and international stakeholders aimed at promoting the fullimplementation of the global counter-terrorism framework while, at the sametime, fostering greater parliamentary engagement in counter-terrorism matters,
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including by leveraging its co-operation with the United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism (UNOCT), the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the United Nations Security Council Counter-Terrorism Committee (UNSC CTC);
40. Tasks the OSCE PA International Secretariat to continue to support the work ofthe OSCE PA Ad Hoc Committee on Countering Terrorism through theorganization of regular meetings and other targeted initiatives, as relevant andwithin available resources.
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RESOLUTION ON
THE ARCTIC REGION
1. Taking note of the OSCE PA’s 2013 Istanbul Declaration’s Resolution on theArctic and the 2010 Oslo Declaration’s Resolution on the Arctic,
2. Reiterating the fundamental importance of the environmental aspects of theOSCE concept of security,
3. Underlining the importance of international law in the Arctic, especially the UnitedNations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which provides the essentialmultilateral legal framework for all ocean activities, including in the Arctic,
4. Taking note of the history of the Arctic region as a zone of peace and stability,where solutions to challenges are found through co-operative relationships andgood will, in a peaceful manner,
5. Noting that the stability of the Arctic has long been relatively well preserved, butis increasingly affected by the growing international interest in the region and thechanging security landscape,
6. Taking note of the increasing military importance and strategic geopolitical roleas well enhanced links of the Arctic region to global issues, with developmentsoutside the Arctic likely to have consequences for Arctic States and vice versa,
7. Reiterating the core principles of sovereignty and territorial integrity that havelong underpinned international co-operation in the Arctic,
8. Acknowledging the impact that the security situation in Europe has already hadon Arctic co-operation, including suspension of the work of the Arctic Council andjoint research projects,
9. Strenuously condemning the Russian Federation’s unprovoked invasion ofUkraine, and noting the grave impediments to international co-operation,including in the Arctic, that the Russian Federation’s actions have caused,
10. Reiterating that the climate crisis is by far the greatest security threat in the Arctic,
11. Underlining that the climate crisis should be viewed as a threat multiplier whichexacerbates existing trends, tensions and instability,
12. Acknowledging that sustainable economic development is fundamental for thefuture of the Arctic region and requires close co-operation between government,business representatives and academia,
13. Acknowledging the added value brought to Arctic co-operation by theparticipation of civil society, including youth and women’s organizations,indigenous groups and other stakeholders,
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The OSCE Parliamentary Assembly:
14. Underscores the importance of maintaining peace, stability and low tension inthe Arctic region;
15. Strongly encourages involved parties to adhere to international law, including UNconventions and other relevant international agreements on the Arctic;
16. Urges OSCE participating States to maintain focus on the Arctic and to recognizethe impact that the climate crisis has on Arctic communities and the planet, withconsequences for the wider political, socio-economic and geostrategic interestsin the region;
17. Urges participating States to address the climate crisis based on scientificinformation and advice;
18. Calls on Arctic States to protect and defend the rights of indigenous peoples;
19. Encourages Arctic states to engage with the region’s indigenous peoples,businesses, academia and other stakeholders to tackle the region’s challenges;
20. Suggests engaging actively with the OSCE High Commissioner on NationalMinorities on the specific challenges faced by Arctic communities, including interms of indigenous rights, political representation and the impact of COVID-19,and considering joint initiatives;
21. Calls on OSCE participating States to promote the portfolio of the Arctic and theclimate-security link as a confidence-building topic within the Organization andthe Assembly and to support the primary role of the Arctic Council in managingArctic co-operation;
22. Recommends developing a stronger and more structured portfolio on climatechange within the Assembly, within or in co-ordination with the GeneralCommittee on Economic Affairs, Science, Technology and Environment, tocontribute to global efforts;
23. Encourages co-operation and engagement with prominent civil societyorganizations, including youth and women’s organizations, indigenous groups,and other stakeholders, on future Arctic policies and to ensure that all voices areheard.
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RESOLUTION ON
EFFECTIVE YOUTH ENGAGEMENT TOWARDS SECURE, INCLUSIVE AND DEMOCRATIC SOCIETIES
1. Recognizing the significant role that young people can play and display inaddressing the challenges the world is currently facing and the leadership whichthey have demonstrated, especially on issues of climate change, peacefulconflict resolution and the reduction of the growing inequalities throughout theOSCE region and beyond,
2. Noting that current global challenges, including the post-pandemic recovery andinternational conflicts and wars, mainly pose multi-faceted threats for youngpeople, and expressing concern about the economic fallout and the negativeimpact of such crises on youth employment, education and social-protectionsystems,
3. Noting that the inclusion of young people in political, social and economicstructures is vital for ensuring strong and resilient societies,
4. Stressing the importance of strengthening youth input in the OSCE by ensuringmeaningful and inclusive youth participation, identifying the needs of youngpeople and engaging them in efforts towards a safer and more sustainable future,including by securing concrete commitments from national and localgovernments to empower young people,
5. Noting the increasing youth population in the world and different age structure inthe countries of the OSCE region,
6. Emphasizing that as a necessary precondition for democracy and the rule of law,accountable government institutions need widespread political participation fromevery segment of society, including youth and other underrepresentedcategories,
7. Acknowledging the efforts of OSCE Executive Structures, the OSCE Secretariat,Institutions and field operations, as well as the OSCE Academy in Bishkek torecognize and strengthen youth policies and practices and to support OSCEparticipating States in the development and implementation of effective youthpolicies,
8. Acknowledging the work of the OSCE Special Representative on Youth andSecurity to ensure transparency and inclusiveness in the OSCE for youthparticipation,
9. Welcoming the establishment of the informal network among young members ofthe OSCE PA aiming to promote the youth agenda and to encourage theinclusion of youth in decision-making processes in national parliaments andinternational platforms,
10. Acknowledging the contribution of the OSCE Group of Friends of Youth andSecurity in discussing, highlighting and encouraging the meaningful participationof young women and men in the politico-military, economic and environmental,
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and human dimensions of security and in providing a platform for OSCE delegations, OSCE executive structures and youth representatives to meet and exchange views on the main issues related to youth participation and youth policies,
11. Recalling the importance of strong partnerships among internationalorganizations, participating States and civil society in order to support and ensuresustainable peace and security, and the potential of young people in ensuringstability and economic success and enhancing stability in the OSCE area, theMediterranean region and neighbouring countries,
12. Recognizing the potential of young people to contribute to the efforts of the OSCEand its participating States to address in a more inclusive and effective waygrowing security challenges, especially those related to digitalization,cybersecurity and new technologies, in both national and international forums,
13. Stressing the obstacles and barriers that young people face who want to speakout and make an impact, including age-based discrimination, structural andlegislative barriers, prejudices, and a lack of political will or opportunities,
14. Emphasizing that the advancement of gender equality, the empowerment ofyoung women, and full and effective participation of women are critical factors tosecure inclusive and democratic societies for all,
15. Highlighting the necessity of encouraging, facilitating and stimulating youthparticipation in the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of publicpolicies,
16. Noting the need to strengthen education about peace and security, human rights,democracy, the rule of law, and to provide innovative platforms for young peopleto have an active voice in the development of solutions to challenges related tothese issues,
17. Mindful of the fact that education occupies a critical place for young people inrelation to peace and security and is a key interface that shapes and defines therelationship between young people and public institutions, and that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected and is still affecting access to completeeducation and training programmes; and stressing the need to prioritizeeducation recovery to allow young people to take part positively and in full in thecivic, economic, social and political development of their communities, and tomake informed decisions on sustainable security choices,
18. Emphasizing the detrimental impact of youth unemployment on the developmentof societies and the need to support national agencies in maintaining andimproving a complete set of national occupational qualifications for youth with acurriculum and workforce strategy, and an online learning platform, whileensuring the development of young people’s skills to enhance their contributionto society and the economy, with a particular focus on the great challenges ofour time,
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19. Further emphasizing the importance of ensuring that opportunities for youthengagement are offered to every category of young people, both thoseinside and outside urban centres, including youth with minority and migrantbackgrounds, disabled youth, and without any other form of discrimination,
20. Recalling the youth-related commitments made in the Helsinki Final Act, as wellas OSCE Ministerial Council Declarations No. 3/14 (Basel), No. 5/15 (Belgrade)and No. 3/18 (Milan); the youth-related Resolutions of the OSCE PA, includingthe 2018 Resolution on A Shared Priority: Fostering Peace and Security throughEnabling Young People to Reach their Full Potential, and the 2019 Resolutionon the Integration of Gender and Youth Perspectives in Efforts to CombatClimate Change; and UNSCR 2250 on Youth, Peace and Security, and therecently adopted UNSCR 2535 (2020),
21. Inspired and encouraged by the adoption of a Youth, Peace and SecurityNational Action Plan by Finland with a view to implementing UNSCR 2250, andstressing the importance for other participating States to follow this example andincrease their domestic efforts to address youth, peace and security issues,
22. Concerned by the growing impact of conflicts and wars on young people withinthe OSCE area and neighbouring States, and the negative repercussions forfuture generations,
The OSCE Parliamentary Assembly:
23. Calls upon OSCE participating States to join international efforts to uphold therole of youth in contributing to a culture of peace, dialogue, justice, trust, andreconciliation;
24. Calls for greater collaboration and co-operation among young members ofparliaments of the OSCE participating States, and recommends the integrationof the network of young parliamentarians into the formal structures of the OSCEParliamentary Assembly;
25. Underlines the importance of co-ordination among OSCE structures regardingyouth and security issues and of implementation of relevant Ministerial Councildecisions and further commitments;
26. Urges participating States to develop and adopt a cross-dimensional OSCEYouth Strategy and Action Plan;
27. Calls upon governments to ensure that public services not only meet the political,economic, social and security needs of youth, but also promote young people’sactive role in shaping community development, and to take active steps toachieve this,
28. Encourages the OSCE participating States to develop domestic youthparliamentary working groups aimed at supporting the exchange of goodpractices between young people and parliamentarians, enhancing dialogue withpublic institutions, strengthening the assessments of young people’s needs, and
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supporting young people’s involvement in political life, and in so doing, strengthen democracies and foster peace and security;
29. Calls on OSCE participating States to give young people in the OSCE a strongervoice by promoting exchanges and dialogue among young people in the entireOSCE region, and creating training programmes and opportunities offeringyoung people the possibility to have a better understanding of the OSCE, toensure that young people will develop their skills in leadership, critical thinking,mediation, negotiation and diplomacy, and will support conflict resolution andpeace development;
30. Urges the introduction of appropriate language, channels and forms ofcommunication between institutions and youth to involve young people in thedrafting process and the development of innovative tools to encourage politicaldialogue and capacity-building between young people and institutions, with theaim of implementing inclusive legislative processes and systematizing youthrepresentation by ensuring that young people are adequately involved acrossparliaments’ organizational structures;
31. Encourages the OSCE participating States to support the development oftraining modules for employees of public institutions and civil society tostrengthen institutional capacity, while creating an enabling environment toensure that young women and men from diverse backgrounds are able to realizetheir potential and contribute to the life of their communities, build their trust ingovernment, stimulate their interest in politics and encourage their efforts topromote peace and security;
32. Urges OSCE participating States to create innovative online platforms,awareness campaigns and education programmes to support the peacefulsettlement of conflicts, counter and prevent violent extremism and radicalization,promote computer literacy and online security awareness, and recognize thefundamental role of youth inclusion in addressing current politico-military issuesand the dynamic challenges posed by emerging technologies;
33. Encourages the OSCE participating States to enable youth to contribute to thetransition to green economies, by facilitating youth consultation, enhancing co-operation with the private sector and engaging young people in designing youth-related institutional policies and strategies on peace and sustainabledevelopment;
34. Recommends the assessment of the implications for young people of anyplanned action, including legislation, policies and programmes, in all areas andat all levels, including the elaboration of a strategy for making youth concernsand experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoringand evaluation of policies and programmes in all political, economic andenvironmental domains;
35. Strongly recommends that every participating State develop a youth, peace andsecurity national action plan that addresses the specific needs of youth andensures opportunities for their participation in resolving peace and securityissues.
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RESOLUTION ON
A CODE OF CONDUCT FOR MEMBERS OF THE OSCE PARLIAMENTARY ASSEMBLY
1. Recognizing that the OSCE PA has pledged to combat corruption and promotetransparency, accountability, and integrity on several occasions, includingthrough the Helsinki Declaration, Tbilisi Declaration, Minsk Declaration, BerlinDeclaration and Luxembourg Declaration,
2. Noting that a code of conduct is a significant step towards enhancing theinstitutional framework that supports transparency, accountability and integrity,and consolidating its role as an organization which prioritizes the fight againstcorruption along with its other aims,
3. Underlining that the transparency and accountability of elected representativesshould also extend to parliamentary assemblies,
4. Mindful of the positive results of the introduction of the Code of Conduct forOSCE PA Election Observers,
5. Cognizant that the OSCE already has a code of conduct for staff/missionmembers,
6. Taking into consideration that the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council ofEurope has already adopted Codes of Conduct that apply both to their Membersand staff,
7. Recognizing that the commitment to abide by a code of conduct depends on thewillingness of both members and staff to comply with it in good faith,
The OSCE PA calls on the Standing Committee to elaborate and adopt a code of conduct, to be informed by the following elements:
8. Provisions of the code of conduct shall complement the obligations of Membersof the OSCE PA provided in the Rules of Procedure;
9. While exercising their mandate as Members of the OSCE ParliamentaryAssembly, Members shall:
a. refrain from acting in a manner which is likely to bring discredit to theAssembly;
b. comply with the principles, norms, and commitments of the OSCE and theOSCE Parliamentary Assembly, as envisaged in the Helsinki Final Act andthe Paris Charter for a New Europe;
c. exercise their duties with integrity;
d. not use their public office to obtain any direct or indirect private financialbenefit or other reward for themselves or anyone else;
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e. declare any conflicts of interest;
f. use the resources available to them responsibly;
10. When participating in events organized or co-organized by the OSCE PA,Members undertake to act in a manner respectful of the laws and regulations ofthe country in which the event takes place;
11. Members shall refrain from any form of sexism, sexual harassment or gender-based violence;
12. Members shall not use their position as a member of the OSCE PA to furthertheir own or another person’s or entity’s interests in a manner incompatible withthe Code of Conduct;
13. Members shall not request or accept any fee, compensation or reward intendedto affect their conduct in the exercise of their duties;
14. Members shall avoid conflicts between any actual or potential economic,commercial, financial, or other interests on a professional, personal or familylevel on the one hand, and the work of the Assembly on the other. Whenimpossible to avoid such a conflict of interest, it shall be disclosed at the earliestpossible stage;
15. Members shall refrain from accepting, in the performance of their duties, any giftsor similar benefits, other than those with an approximate value of less than €150offered in accordance with courtesy usage;
16. Members shall register with the Secretariat of the Assembly any benefits (suchas travel expenses, accommodation, subsistence, meals or entertainmentexpenses) of a value in excess of €150 that they accept in the performance oftheir duties;
17. Members shall use information with discretion, and in particular shall not makepersonal use of information acquired confidentially in the course of their duties;
18. Outside activities and interests of Assembly Officers shall not be activelyassociated with the management of any business, nor may they hold a financialinterest in any business, if there is a possibility that they would benefit from suchassociation or financial interest by reason of their official position with the OSCEPA;
19. Any Member of the Assembly or any person employed at the InternationalSecretariat that notices a case of misconduct must report the matter through adedicated procedure. The Bureau ensures that no prejudice is caused to anyperson who reports any misconduct on reasonable grounds and in good faith;
20. If a Member is believed to have failed to comply with the Code of Conduct, thePresident of the Assembly may seek clarification and further information from theMember concerned, or other Members of the Assembly. The Members shall co-operate, at all stages, with any investigation into their conduct in accordance withthis Code;
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21. If necessary, the President of the Assembly may refer the matter to the Bureauto examine the circumstances of the alleged breach and make arecommendation as to a possible decision;
22. The Bureau may take one or several of the following decisions:
a. temporary deprivation of the right to participate in the Assembly’s missions orother events, outside statutory meetings;
b. temporary deprivation of the right to speak at meetings;
c. temporary deprivation of the right to sponsor or co-sponsor an amendment ora Supplementary Item;
d. temporary deprivation of the right to submit his/her candidature for electionas an Assembly Officer, and/or to sponsor another candidate;
The President shall then inform the Assembly and the Speaker or other relevant officer of the national parliament concerned accordingly;
23. Should the Bureau decide that a member failed to comply with the code ofconduct, it may instruct him or her to prepare a reasoned statement which he orshe will read out before the Assembly;
24. The OSCE PA calls for the principles of the above Code of Conduct to applyequally to the staff of the International Secretariat;
25. The Parliamentary Assembly calls on the Bureau and the Standing Committeeto act so as to safeguard the relevance and validity of a code of conduct includingthrough considering its annexation to the Rules of Procedure.
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RESOLUTION ON
IMPLEMENTING THE UNITED NATIONS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE OSCE AREA
1. Recalling UN General Assembly resolution 70/1 of 25 September 2015, entitledTransforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, whichadopted a comprehensive, far-reaching, and people-oriented set of universal andtransformative Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and targets, andacknowledged the essential role of national parliaments through their enactmentof legislation, adoption of budgets and their role in ensuring accountability for theeffective implementation of internationally agreed upon commitments,
2. Taking into account UN General Assembly resolutions 72/278 and 74/304 onInteraction between the UN, national parliaments and the Inter-ParliamentaryUnion which recognize the action and contribution by parliaments at national,regional and global levels, including through multi-stakeholder partnerships, insupport of the accelerated implementation and achievement of the SDGs by2030,
3. Taking note of resolution 2017/23 of the UN Economic and Social Council, whichappreciates that some countries have informed and engaged their parliamentsin relation to the SDGs, and encouraging all governments to considerundertaking similar efforts, while noting that some parliaments have taken aproactive role in their implementation,
4. Noting that the OSCE, as a regional security organization under Chapter VIII ofthe UN Charter, has a complementary role to play within its mandate as animportant platform through which States can further their national and collectivesustainable development objectives, given the alignment of its mandate with all17 SDGs and the 2030 Agenda’s five pillars of people, planet, prosperity, peaceand partnerships, reflecting the embracement of the 2030 Agenda as a commonpoint of reference for regional organizations beyond the UN system and affiliatedagencies,
5. Recalling the Luxembourg Declaration adopted by the OSCE PA at its 28th
Annual Session emphasizing the commitment of OSCE PA participating Statesto implement the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its 17SDGs, which are worthwhile guidelines for fostering peaceful, just and inclusivesocieties,
6. Welcoming the efforts of parliaments of OSCE participating States to advancethe 2030 Agenda, including through the adoption of SDG-aligned legislation,national development plans and budgets, oversight of SDG achievement, moreopen and transparent ways of engaging the public, and the role of the OSCE inVoluntary National Review processes,
7. Recognizing the importance of promoting a whole-of-society, people-orientedapproach to the advancement of the 2030 Agenda, which should be manifestedthrough systematic partnerships between parliaments, oversight institutions, civilsociety, academia, local government and the private sector,
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8. Welcoming the OSCE’s leadership in affirming and advancing linkages betweensustainable development and a comprehensive approach to security realizedthrough its institutions and network of field missions, active in both stable andconflict contexts,
9. Applauding the efforts of the OSCE PA to promote discussions relevant toSecurity Sector Governance and Reform, which represents instrumentalguidance for the achievement of SDG 16 and its targets, including through theOSCE PA 2014 Baku Declaration and 2017 Minsk Declaration, and through itsResolution on Strengthening the OSCE’s Approach to Supporting SecuritySector Governance and Reform in Participating and Partner States, adoptedduring the 27th Annual Session in Berlin,
10. Recognizing the importance of transitional justice processes, includingreparations and reconciliation aimed at acknowledging and repairing legacies ofpast large-scale human rights violations and inequities, in achieving the targetsof SDG 16, particularly those concerning the rule of law, countering racism, equalaccess to justice, prevention of violence, accountable institutions, inclusiverepresentational decision-making and non-discriminatory laws and policies,
11. Taking note of the 2021 OSCE Ministerial Council’s Decision No. 3/21,acknowledging that climate change is a global challenge to achieving theobjectives of the UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its SDGs,
12. Recalling the strong nexus between the OSCE’s economic and environmentaldimension and the 17 SDGs, and taking note of the 2021 OSCE ParliamentaryPlea for Resolute Climate Action, which emphasizes that realizing the OSCEvision of comprehensive security is not possible without addressing the climatecrisis,
13. Deeply concerned about the continued impact of the COVID-19 pandemic onhuman development and security, including its implications for stability, peaceand democracy in the region and beyond, making the achievement of the SDGsby 2030 an even greater challenge,
14. Commending the remarkable commitment of youth in OSCE participating Statesto inclusive solutions to global and regional challenges, including climate change,and their leadership in mitigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, andapplauding in this regard the establishment of a network of youngparliamentarians at the OSCE PA initiated by the OSCE PA SpecialRepresentative on Youth Engagement with a view to promote a more inclusiveyouth representation in the OSCE area,
15. Underscoring the inextricability of sustainable development and gender equality,while taking note with appreciation of the growing representation of womenacross the parliaments of OSCE participating States which surpasses the globalaverage,
16. Recognizing that “building back better” requires a renewed commitment to theSDGs, with parliaments playing a vital role in renewing their commitment to unity,solidarity and regional co-operation, and engaging in partnerships for increasing
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people’s voices and participation to ensure that long-term recovery is people-centred, human rights-driven and geared towards building more sustainable, peaceful, secure and resilient societies,
17. Noting the appointment of the OSCE PA’s Special Representative onSustainable Development Goals tasked with promoting the Assembly’sengagement on issues related to achieving the UN SDGs and implementing the2030 Agenda,
The OSCE Parliamentary Assembly:
18. Urges parliaments of OSCE participating States to intensify efforts aimed atmainstreaming the SDGs into their processes, structures and mechanisms, andengaging most effectively and meaningfully in national development planningand oversight;
19. Invites OSCE governments and parliaments to revitalize partnerships within theOSCE, as well as with UN agencies, funds and programmes, other internationalorganizations, regional and local organizations and agencies, the private sectorand academia in order to forge effective responses to challenges in the OSCEarea in the spirit of SDG 17 “Partnership for the Goals” and based on parliaments’access to expertise and resources to support informed scrutiny, monitoring andevaluation of national development plans and strategies;
20. Encourages the OSCE participating States to ensure that their parliamentaryoversight mechanisms are structured, mandated, adequately resourced andequipped with sound baselines to conduct periodic monitoring, reporting andevaluation of the SDGs implementation over time with the aim of enhancingpublic engagement, accountability, transparency and continuous learning;
21. Calls upon national parliaments to ensure that their processes are inclusive,open, responsive and participatory by integrating meaningful forms of publicengagement into their core functions, including by making key parliamentaryinformation publicly available, consultation with the public, civil society and localstakeholders on legislative and budget proposals, ensuring public input intoparliamentary scrutiny of proposals and monitoring of the implementation ofnational development plans; and by identifying ways to ensure that the voices ofwomen, young people, people with disabilities, and others at risk of beingexcluded are heard by parliament;
22. Encourages parliamentarians of participating States to seek through theirconstituency links input from local community-based and civil societyorganizations with the purpose of reflecting their perspectives in the programmesand instruments through which the SDGs are delivered in their areas;
23. Welcomes the involvement of OSCE parliaments in the consultation andvalidation of national progress reports prepared by participating States as part ofthe voluntary national review process in recent years, while encouraging theircontinued involvement in the monitoring of the implementation of therecommendations made, to re-assess their country’s development patterns,
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reviewing the policy and institutional mechanisms aligned with the SDGs, and building stakeholder engagement around them;
24. Calls upon parliaments to continue placing the principles of gender equality,inclusion, and “leaving no one behind” at the heart of their efforts to accelerateprogress towards the SDGs, including by promoting fair and equal participationof women and vulnerable groups in their processes and in their membership,including through well-designed temporary special measures, and by adoptinggender-sensitive culture and practices that leave no-one behind;
25. Encourages further inter-parliamentary co-operation within the OSCE PA toinspire collective ambition, enhance peer-to-peer learning and sharing of bestpractices, and to increase knowledge-sharing and awareness-raising amongparliamentarians.
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RESOLUTION ON
ACCELERATING THE GREEN ENERGY TRANSITION
1. Reaffirming OSCE commitments related to environmental protection enshrinedin the 1975 Helsinki Final Act, the 2003 OSCE Strategy Document for theEconomic and Environmental Dimension (Maastricht Strategy), the 2007 MadridDeclaration on Environment and Security, and other relevant OSCE documentsand decisions,
2. Recalling OSCE Ministerial Council Decision No. 3/21 (Stockholm) onStrengthening Co-operation to Address the Challenges Caused by ClimateChange, which recognizes that the use of renewable energy sources, low-carbonand clean-energy technologies, and energy-efficiency measures contribute toclimate-change adaptation and mitigation,
3. Reiterating the OSCE PA’s Minsk Declaration (2017), Berlin Declaration (2018),and Luxembourg Declaration (2019), which urge participating States torecognize the urgency of the climate crisis and its related challenges, implementpolicies that promote environmental good governance and expand investment inrenewable and sustainable energy technologies,
4. Taking note of the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly’s recent debates on climate-related issues, including a web dialogue on 4 February 2022 on the clean energyrevolution, which have underscored the important role that parliamentarians canplay in shaping relevant national legislation and scrutinizing the implementationof climate-related commitments,
5. Taking note of the Parliamentary Plea for Resolute Climate Action presented toleaders of OSCE participating States by the Bureau of the General Committeeon Economic Affairs, Science, Technology and Environment ahead of the 26th
UN Climate Change Conference (COP26), which called for bold action towardsreducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, developing effective climate-adaptation strategies, and mobilizing the necessary climate-related financialresources,
6. Guided by the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and theSustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to which all OSCE participating Stateshave agreed, specifically SDG 7, which calls on countries to ensure universalaccess to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all and tosubstantially increase the share of renewable energy in global energy sources,among other targets, and SDG 13, which calls on countries to integrate climatechange measures into national policies and on developed states to assistdeveloping countries in their efforts to mitigate the impacts of climate change,
7. Alarmed by reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, includingits 2018 special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and its 2022 report on climate-change mitigation, whichunderline the risks that climate change poses to health, livelihoods, food security,water supply, human security and economic growth, and emphasize the need for
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immediate and effective action to avoid the most catastrophic effects of climate change,
8. Underlining the urgency of prioritizing innovation in the production, transport andconsumption of energy, given that the energy sector is the source for the majorityof GHG emissions globally,
9. Acknowledging the steps taken to scale up the global response to climate changesince the adoption of the Paris Agreement in 2015, and welcoming thecommitments related to increasing climate finance, phasing down coal power,and accelerating the reduction of emissions adopted by States at COP26,
10. Encouraged by the findings of the International Energy Agency, which has notedthat green stimulus in response to COVID-19 represents the largest-ever clean-energy recovery effort,
11. Convinced of the value and mission of the Powering Past Coal Alliance, a leadingglobal initiative to accelerate clean growth and climate protection through therapid phase-out of emissions from coal power,
12. Underscoring that green energy innovation is integral to combating climatechange, and emphasizing the important role that market mechanisms, such ascarbon pricing, can play to incentivize the transition to a low-carbon economyand to promote clean economic growth,
13. Cognizant of the need for complementary actions to address climate change,which include investments in international climate finance to support developingcountries in their efforts to build low-carbon and climate-resilient economies,
14. Deploring the Russian Federation’s reckless and unprecedented seizure ofnuclear power facilities in Ukraine and other dangerous actions connected tonuclear and radioactive materials, which continue to pose a serious and directthreat to public health and the environment, as well as to the safety and securityof these facilities, their personnel and nearby civilian populations,
15. Convinced that the consequences of the Russian Federation’s illegal andunprovoked invasion of Ukraine have exposed the economic vulnerabilitiesassociated with being over-reliant on fossil fuels and on any one source countryfor energy,
16. Encouraged by the efforts of the European Union to phase out the import ofRussian oil and to accelerate a low-carbon energy transition,
17. Stressing that energy security and climate action are complementary objectives,and convinced of not only the environmental benefits but also the economicopportunities offered by the green energy transition,
The OSCE Parliamentary Assembly:
18. Expresses grave concern about the destabilizing effects of climate change,which acts as a threat multiplier, with profound implications for internationalpeace and stability;
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19. Calls on OSCE participating States to take urgent and ambitious global climateaction to limit the increase in the average global temperature to 1.5˚C above pre-industrial levels;
20. Urges OSCE participating States to take measures to enhance and achieve theirNationally Determined Contributions under the Paris Agreement;
21. Encourages OSCE participating States to adopt ambitious targets for reachingnet-zero emissions and to establish legislative frameworks that underpin atransparent and accountable process for ensuring emissions reductions;
22. Notes the potential of low-carbon hydrogen as a means of reducing global GHGemissions, and calls on OSCE participating States to increase their investmentin technologies needed to support its production and use;
23. Emphasizes that a green energy transition must be just and beneficial for workersand that OSCE participating States should take proactive action to supportworkers and communities in the transition to a net-zero carbon economy;
24. Recognizes that transitioning to low-carbon economies is essential for the futureprosperity of OSCE participating States, and that carbon pricing provides anincentive to invest in renewable energy, energy efficiency, low-carboninfrastructure, cleaner energy production and technological innovation;
25. Stresses that developed countries must continue to support developing countrieswith climate-change adaptation and mitigation, including by increasing theirinternational climate finance commitments and by collaborating with multilateraldevelopment banks to leverage and attract more private-sector climate-relatedinvestment in developing countries;
26. Notes the particular threat that climate change poses to Arctic, northern andIndigenous peoples, and underscores that national and international climate-adaptation and mitigation measures and targets must be designed andimplemented in a spirit of genuine collaboration with these communities ofpeoples most affected by a changing climate;
27. Emphasizes the need to take into account the needs of women and girls, whoare disproportionately affected by climate change due to various forms of socio-economic inequalities, and to integrate a gender perspective in designingclimate-change adaptation and mitigation policies;
28. Urges OSCE participating States to continue to support investments in researchand development aimed at improving the commercial viability and emissions-reducing potential of carbon capture, utilization and storage technologies;
29. Reiterates the commitments of the European Union to expeditiously phase outthe import of Russian oil, diversify its energy sources to safeguard energysecurity, increase energy efficiency and resilience, and accelerate the greenenergy transition, while at the same time recognizes the right of everyparticipating State to choose the energy mix that best suits the structure of itseconomy and availability of natural resources;
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30. Underscores the role of OSCE parliamentarians in monitoring theimplementation of national commitments regarding reductions in GHGemissions, and in consulting and engaging with the private sector, Indigenouspeoples and civil society organizations on clean-energy pathways;
31. Encourages the International Secretariat of the OSCE PA to organize regularopportunities for parliamentarians, government officials and members of civilsociety to engage together to share best practices and raise awareness ofclimate change as a multidimensional security challenge.
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RESOLUTION ON
COMBATING VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN JOURNALISTS AND POLITICIANS
1. Reiterating the commitment of OSCE participating States to upholding theprinciples enshrined in the 1975 Helsinki Final Act, which include the peacefulsettlement of disputes, respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms,equal rights and self-determination of peoples, co-operation among States andthe fulfilment in good faith of obligations under international law,
2. Deeply concerned by the widespread and intensifying violence against womenin journalism and politics – including physical, sexual, psychological, andeconomic violence – which endangers women, puts the well-being of oursocieties and democracies at risk, and threatens to undermine progress towardgender equality,
3. Recalling OSCE Ministerial Council Decisions No. 14/04 (Sofia) on the ActionPlan for the Promotion of Gender Equality, No. 15/05 (Ljubljana) and No. 7/14(Basel) on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women, No. 14/05(Ljubljana) on Women in Conflict Prevention, Crisis Management, and Post-Conflict Rehabilitation, No. 3/18 (Milan) on the Safety of Journalists, and No. 4/18(Milan) on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women,
4. Referring to the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly’s (OSCE PA’s) BerlinDeclaration (2018) and its Resolution on Preventing and Combating Gender-Based Violence,
5. Guided by the 2021 Annual Report of the OSCE PA Special Representative onGender Issues entitled Violence Against Women Journalists and Politicians: AGrowing Crisis,
6. Endorsing the UN Security Council resolution 1325 on Women, Peace andSecurity, as well as subsequent resolutions that comprise the Women, Peaceand Security agenda, which call on UN Member States to ensure the fullparticipation of women in all efforts for the maintenance and promotion of peaceand security, and recognizing that the contribution of women journalists andpoliticians in post-conflict democratization processes is key to the success of theWomen, Peace and Security agenda,
7. Underscoring that women and girls face disproportionate risks of online violence,especially severe types of harassment and sexualized online abuse, and that thisform of violence is tied to larger social problems of sexism and misogyny,
8. Recognizing that the increasingly hostile political rhetoric directed towardjournalists and media organizations across the OSCE region and the world,combined with the rise of social media and the challenges associated withworking during the COVID-19 pandemic, have created unique pressure onwomen journalists,
9. Welcoming the work of the Office of the OSCE Representative on Freedom ofthe Media in defending freedom of expression and advocating for the safety of
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women journalists in the OSCE region, including through the Safety of Female Journalists Online project,
10. Convinced that society benefits from diverse and representative media andparliaments, which contribute to a healthy public discourse and social inclusion,to countering disinformation, and to the foundation of a strong democracy,
11. Noting that the underrepresentation of women in the political sphere is bothcaused and exacerbated by discrimination and gender-based violence, and thatavailable data suggests that the vast majority of women parliamentariansexperience such discrimination and violence from the moment they becomecandidates for political office,
12. Highlighting enhanced security measures and initiatives adopted in the CanadianParliament in 2020 aimed at providing greater protection to parliamentarians attheir homes and offices, including through the use of mobile alarms and a webmonitoring service,
13. Concerned that some OSCE participating States have allowed and ignoreddiscrimination, gender-based violence, misogyny and hostile working conditionstoward women parliamentarians in their legislative assemblies,
14. Acknowledging that discrimination and violence against women are intensified inconflict situations, where women journalists and politicians are exposed toheightened risks of human rights violations,
15. Emphasizing that women journalists and politicians are targeted by multipleforms of violence because of intersecting identity factors – such as ethnicity,race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, and gender identity and expression,
16. Recognizing that indigenous women, including indigenous journalists andpoliticians, experience disproportionate discrimination and violence, andrecalling the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, whichstipulates that States shall take measures to ensure that indigenous women andchildren are fully protected against all forms of discrimination and violence,
17. Noting the lack of information, statistics and data analysis with respect to violenceagainst women journalists and politicians in the OSCE region and the world,
18. Bearing in mind the significant impacts of gender-based violence on journalistsand politicians, their families, and society as a whole, including on democraticprocesses,
The OSCE Parliamentary Assembly:
19. Urges the OSCE and OSCE participating States to collect and publishdisaggregated data on the prevalence of violence against women journalists andpoliticians in the OSCE region, and ensure that such data and the information itprovides on the experiences of women with intersecting identity factors, informsany action taken to make certain that policies and legislation are effective,inclusive and evidence-based;
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20. Calls on OSCE participating States to develop or review legislation to prohibitgender-based violence against women journalists and politicians, includingviolence occurring online;
21. Recommends that OSCE participating States review electoral legislation toensure it is effectively addressing violence against women and its impact on thedemocratic process;
22. Encourages parliamentarians of OSCE participating States to demand that theirparliaments review or strengthen parliamentary codes of conduct to ensure theyare effective in responding to gender-based violence against parliamentarians;
23. Calls on the OSCE and OSCE participating States to adopt a gender-sensitiveand intersectional approach in all actions to ensure the safety of journalists andpoliticians, including in conflict situations;
24. Asks all OSCE participating States that have not already done so to develop andimplement National Action Plans on Women, Peace and Security, and to reflectin those plans the key role women journalists and politicians play in conflictprevention and resolution and in post-conflict democratization processes;
25. Strongly recommends that OSCE participating States provide funding to civilsociety organizations that support women’s participation in public life, combatgender-based violence against journalists and politicians, and offer supportservices to women who have been affected by gender-based violence, includingwomen journalists and politicians;
26. Urges the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media and the OSCE Officefor Democratic Institutions and Human Rights to denounce violence againstwomen journalists and politicians, and to draw attention to cases in which womenjournalists and politicians are harassed, detained or imprisoned, including inconflict situations in the OSCE region;
27. Demands the OSCE and the OSCE PA create platforms for the exchange of bestpractices and discussions on how to address violence against women journalistsand politicians;
28. Tasks the OSCE PA International Secretariat to provide training to electionobservers to detect and report acts of violence against women in politics.
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RESOLUTION ON
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE HUMAN DIMENSION IN THE CONTEXT OF CURRENT THREATS TO THE SECURITY IN THE OSCE AREA STEMMING
FROM THE RUSSIAN AGGRESSION AGAINST UKRAINE
1. Acknowledging the particular role of the OSCE for comprehensive security in theregion, including for respecting and promoting human rights and fundamentalfreedoms, and for protecting and developing democratic institutions,
2. Recognizing further the role of the OSCE Human Dimension for setting newstandards to strengthen protection of human rights and democratic institutions inthe region,
3. Welcoming with appreciation the role and activity of the OSCE autonomousInstitutions and structures,
4. Underlining the importance of OSCE commitments, in particular thoseundertaken within the Human Dimension, that constitute firm politicaldeclarations of the participating States to fulfil, respect and promote human rightsand fundamental freedoms,
5. Stressing the role of civil society and its valuable contribution to the promotionand protection of international human rights standards and OSCE commitments,
6. Extremely concerned by the tragic impact of the Russian aggression againstUkraine, including clear patterns of violations of international humanitarian lawand human rights law committed by Russian forces in invaded Ukraine, asconfirmed by the report of the OSCE Moscow Mechanism experts, and deploringthe increasingly tragic human impact of said aggression,
7. Expressing concern that the Russian Federation’s aggression against Ukraine,targeting civilian and non-military infrastructure, has led millions to flee theirhomes, 90 per cent of whom are women and children according to the UN HighCommissioner for Refugees, creating a humanitarian and human-traffickingcrisis, as refugees are particularly vulnerable to being targeted by humantraffickers, not only as they flee but also through online offers of housing andemployment,
8. Condemning savage attacks on civilians and civilian infrastructures, as well assexual and gender-based violence, including rape and human trafficking,
9. Also concerned about the shrinking space for civil society and limitations offundamental freedoms in some participating States, including in the context ofthe above-mentioned aggression,
The OSCE Parliamentary Assembly:
10. Condemns in the strongest terms the Russian military aggression againstUkraine;
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11. Calls upon all participating States, in particular those receiving large numbers ofUkrainian refugees, to make full use of ODIHR’s updated handbook on NationalReferral Mechanisms and to continue to develop and support actions to raiseawareness and protect Ukrainian refugees and internally displaced persons fromfalling prey to human traffickers;
12. Calls on relevant OSCE structures to collect evidence of possible war crimes,crimes against humanity, genocide, or violations of international human rightslaw in Ukraine for use in future legal proceedings;
13. Calls for further addressing during Human Dimension events, throughmeaningful and relevant discussions, the most topical humanitarian issues andhuman rights violations and abuses in the OSCE area, including in particularthose stemming from the Russian aggression against Ukraine;
14. Welcomes with appreciation the activity of civil society, and looks forward to itsfurther involvement in discussions during Human Dimension events;
15. Reaffirms its full support for the independent mandate of the OSCE autonomousInstitutions;
16. Recommits to supporting all efforts aimed at the promotion and protection ofhuman rights and fundamental freedoms and the development of democraticinstitutions in the OSCE area.
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RESOLUTION ON
ENSURING THE SAFETY OF JOURNALISTS IN CONFLICT ZONES
1. Recognizing that journalists operating in conflict zones are afforded protectionunder international humanitarian law, including the Geneva Conventions of 1949and their Additional Protocols, setting out rules to protect people who are nottaking part in the fighting,
2. Underscoring the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court establishingthat intentionally directing attacks against civilians, and therefore also againstjournalists who are not engaged in the hostilities, constitutes a war crime,
3. Taking into account UN Security Council Resolution 1738 (2006), calling for anend to intentional attacks against journalists in situations of armed conflict, andResolution 2222 (2015), urging states to comply with the relevant obligationsunder international law to end impunity and to prosecute those responsible forserious violations of humanitarian law,
4. Guided by the work of the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Mediathrough guidebooks on the safety of journalists and the joint statement in 2014with the Rapporteurs of the UN, the Organization of American States, and theAfrican Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, which reminded States oftheir obligations to improve international protection for journalists in conflictsituations,
5. Emphasizing the importance of press coverage in conflict zones in collecting andsharing reliable information about the conflict, and noting that journalists have animportant role in bringing attention to reports of war crimes and human rightsviolations,
6. Recalling the paramount importance of ensuring that journalists and mediaworkers can work freely, independently and safely without hindrances, threats orviolent reprisals,
7. Expressing concern at the continued threats and dangers faced by journalistsoperating in conflict zones, including reports of deliberate attacks, kidnappingand torture,
8. Highlighting that attacks against journalists not only impact individuals but deterand prevent journalists from exercising their right to seek and disseminateinformation and deprive the public of the right to know and to access informationabout conflict zones,
9. Concerned at the lack of accountability for many perpetrators of attacks onjournalists, and noting that many attacks against journalists are not prosecutedunder human rights law and international humanitarian law,
10. Remembering journalists killed during the conflict in Ukraine and across theOSCE region, and paying tribute to journalists continuing to operate in thecountry to ensure access to reliable and accurate information despite the threatsand risks faced,
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The OSCE Parliamentary Assembly:
11. Urges OSCE participating States to ensure the safety of journalists in all conflictzones through respect for human rights law and international humanitarian law;
12. Encourages all OSCE participating States to join the 52 member countries of theMedia Freedom Coalition by signing the Pledge on Media Freedom;
13. Reiterates that journalists covering armed conflicts have civilian status, as theyare not participants in the conflicts they cover and, as such, are protected by theapplicable guarantees under human rights law and international humanitarianlaw;
14. Condemns resolutely and unequivocally all violence against journalists operatingin conflict zones, and remembers the 26 journalists reported by ReportersWithout Borders to have been killed this year, including the seven who have losttheir lives covering the Ukraine conflict;
15. Calls on OSCE participating States to ensure that perpetrators of attacks againstjournalists are held accountable in courts of law for their actions;
16. Urges the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media to monitor and reporton the safety of journalists during the conflict in Ukraine;
17. Calls for open and committed dialogue among governments, non-state groups,journalists, and other interested parties in order to strengthen protections topromote the safety of, and respect for, those reporting on a conflict.
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RELATÓRIO RELATIVO À PARTICIPAÇÃO DA ASSEMBLEIA DA REPÚBLICA
NO EVENTO DE ENCERRAMENTO DA CONFERÊNCIA SOBRE O FUTURO DA EUROPA
Parlamento Europeu (Estrasburgo),
9 de maio de 2022
̶ Delegação da Assembleia da República
Presidente da Comissão de Assuntos Europeus, Deputado Luís Capoulas Santos (PS)
Membro da Comissão de Assuntos Europeus, Deputada Rosário Gambôa (PS)
Membro da Comissão de Assuntos Europeus, Deputado Paulo Moniz (PSD)
Membro da Comissão de Assuntos Europeus, Deputada Isabel Meirelles (PSD)
̶ Assessoria
Catarina Ribeiro Lopes, Representante da Assembleia da República em Bruxelas
Liliane Sanches da Silva, Assessora Parlamentar da Comissão de Assuntos Europeus
Sessão plenária da conferência sobre o futuro da europa
Teve lugar, no dia 9 de maio de 2022 em Estrasburgo, o evento de encerramento da Conferência sobre o
Futuro da Europa (CoFE), que contou com a participação dos copresidentes da Conferência Dubravka Šuica,
Guy Verhofstadt e Clément Beaune que, nas suas intervenções iniciais, destacaram, o papel assumido pelos
cidadãos durante a Conferência, a importância das conclusões finais da CoFE e o impacto da guerra na Ucrânia.
Referiram, também, o papel do relatório final enquanto desmonstração da vontade dos cidadãos para uma União
mais integrada, democrática e com maior capacidade de atuação, e a importância da democracia participativa.
Durante o evento, os cidadãos representantes dos Painéis de Cidadãos Europeus e Nacionais partilharam a
sua experiência sobre a participação neste exercício e destacaram as prioridades identificadas no âmbito dos
tópicos da CoFE. O evento foi também marcado por momentos culturais dedicados à dança e à música.
Depois da apresentação do relatório final da Conferência pelos copresidentes, teve lugar a intervenção de
Emmanuel Macron, Presidente francês, que aludiu à guerra na Ucrânia, destacando a adoção dos pacotes de
sanções contra a Rússia, a disponibilização de recursos militares, financeiros e humanitários à Ucrânia e a
segurança alimentar. Sublinhou a importância de, apesar da guerra, ser dado seguimento às conclusões da
Conferência, mencionando, também, a pertinência da proteção do ambiente, em particular o clima e a
biodiversidade, da saúde, da qualidade dos alimentos, da independência democrática e da liberdade de
informação. É necessária uma Europa assente na igualdade de género, solidariedade e que garanta a sua
defesa e o Estado de direito. Concluiu fazendo referência à política da integração e alargamento da União
Europeia.
Ursula von der Leyen, Presidente da Comissão Europeia, destacou o regresso da guerra ao continente
europeu, a adoção, pela CoFE, das 49 conclusões e respetivas medidas referentes a áreas como o ambiente e
alterações climáticas, alimentação, educação, segurança e transição justa digital, as quais visam melhorar a
vida quotidiana dos cidadãos europeus. Referiu o compromisso da Comissão Europeia em analisar as
conclusões apresentadas, relativamente às quais, em algumas situações, a Comissão já se encontra a
desenvolver medidas ou já apresentou propostas, mencionando ainda que, no seu discurso em setembro, serão
apresentadas novas iniciativas em resposta ao relatório. Destacou a importância de alterar a regra referente à
votação por unanimidade e de reformar a União Europeia bem como o seu papel em matéria de saúde ou defesa,
modificando-se, se necessário, os tratados. Recordou, por fim, o papel desempenhado neste âmbito pelo
anterior Presidente do Parlamento Europeu, David Sassoli bem como pelo Primeiro-Ministro português, António
Costa, que também se encontrava presente, e concluiu aludindo ao conflito vivido na Ucrânia.
Seguiu-se a intervenção de Roberta Metsola, Presidente do Parlamento Europeu que mencionou a invasão
russa à Ucrânia e as suas consequências para os cidadãos e para os valores da União Europeia, ressalvando
o compromisso do Parlamento Europeu na defesa da liberdade, democracia, Estado de direito, justiça
solidariedade, igualdade e oportunidade. Referiu que os resultados da Conferência sobre o Futuro da Europa
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evidenciam a falha existente entre as expectativas dos cidadãos e aquilo que as instituições europeias têm
oferecido, pelo que se justifica a abertura de uma Convenção para a revisão dos tratados. Concluiu afirmando
a necessidade de acomodar as questões relacionadas com a nova política de segurança e defesa, as novas
fontes de energia, as alterações climáticas, a interconexão de sistemas de saúde, o modelo económico, criação
de emprego, bem como a migração e a promoção da solidariedade e igualdade.
Toda a documentação referente à reunião plenária pode ser consultada na Plataforma Digital Multilingue e a
reprodução integral em vídeo da reunião está disponível em linha, no centro multimédia do Parlamento Europeu.
Assembleia da República, 21 de julho de 2022.
O Presidente da Comissão de Assuntos Europeus
(Deputado Luís Capoulas Santos)
A DIVISÃO DE REDAÇÃO.