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Terça-feira, 27 de fevereiro de 2024 II Série-D — Número 18

XV LEGISLATURA 2.ª SESSÃO LEGISLATIVA (2023-2024)

S U M Á R I O

Delegações da Assembleia da República:

— Relatório da participação da Assembleia da República no X Fórum das Frentes Parlamentares contra a Fome na América Latina e Caraíbas e na II Cimeira Parlamentar Mundial contra a Fome e Subnutrição, que decorreram de 14 a 16 de junho de 2023, no Chile. — Relatório referente à 4.ª Parte da Sessão Plenária de 2023 da Assembleia Parlamentar do Conselho da Europa (APCE), que teve lugar em Estrasburgo, de 9 a 13 de outubro de 2023.

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DELEGAÇÃO DA ASSEMBLEIA DA REPÚBLICA

RELATÓRIO DA PARTICIPAÇÃO DA ASSEMBLEIA DA REPÚBLICA NO X FÓRUM DAS FRENTES

PARLAMENTARES CONTRA A FOME NA AMÉRICA LATINA E CARAÍBAS E NA II CIMEIRA

PARLAMENTAR MUNDIAL CONTRA A FOME E SUBNUTRIÇÃO, QUE DECORRERAM DE 14 A 16 DE

JUNHO DE 2023, NO CHILE

1. Enquadramento

a. Receção à delegação do Senado espanhol na Comissão de Agricultura e Pescas

A 22 de março de 2023, a Comissão de Agricultura e Pescas realizou, na Sala do Senado do Palácio de São

Bento, uma reunião ordinária subordinada ao tema da apresentação do projeto da Aliança Parlamentar

Espanhola pelo Direito à Alimentação, que contou com a participação de uma delegação do Senado de Espanha

chefiada pela Senadora Elena Diego (PSOE), na qualidade de presidente da referida Aliança.

O evento foi perspetivado enquanto um impulso ao fomento de um projeto similar no Parlamento português:

a criação de uma estrutura de diálogo plural, interpartidário, apostada no desenvolvimento de soluções e na

partilha de experiências legislativas e de política pública, todas orientadas para a mitigação da fome, o reforço

do direito à alimentação e a perspetivação destes desafios com enfoque de género.

A sessão terminou com a assinatura individual de uma declaração (em anexo) no âmbito da qual, até à data,

mais de 25 Sr.as e Srs. Deputados se comprometeram com a realização de esforços consentâneos com os

desideratos acima explanados, sendo posteriormente constituído um grupo de trabalho para a instalação da

Aliança Parlamentar Portuguesa pelo Direito à Alimentação com Igualdade de Género.

b. O convite e a composição da Delegação da Assembleia da República

Na sequência dos dados apresentados supra, a comissão executiva das FPH-ALC e a FAO dirigiram a S.

Ex.ª o Presidente da Assembleia da República e ao Grupo de Trabalho para a instalação da Aliança Parlamentar

Portuguesa pelo Direito à Alimentação com Igualdade de Género (GT-IAPPDAIG) os convites para a

participação no X Fórum Parlamentar das FPH-ALC e da II Cimeira Parlamentar Mundial contra a Fome e

Subnutrição, que se realizariam, respetivamente a 14 de junho em Santiago de Chile e a 15 e 16 de junho em

Valparaíso.

Atenta a realização de trabalhos parlamentares na semana dos eventos, foi autorizada a organização de uma

delegação de até duas Sr.as e Srs. Deputados; na impossibilidade de S. Ex.ª o Presidente da Assembleia da

República chefiar a delegação, discursar na inauguração do X Fórum Parlamentar das FPH-ALC e acompanhar

os trabalhos, coube ao Sr. Presidente da Comissão de Agricultura e Pescas, na qualidade de coordenador do

GT-IAPPDAIG, a tarefa em apreço.

A Delegação da Assembleia da República foi, assim, constituída pelo Sr. Presidente da Comissão de

Agricultura e Pescas, pelo Deputado Pedro do Carmo (PS), pela Sr.ª Deputada Fátima Ramos (PSD) e pelo Sr.

Deputado António Monteirinho (PS). A delegação foi acompanhada pelo assessor parlamentar Paulo Ferreira

Campos.

Seguidamente, apresenta-se a agenda da deslocação em missão oficial da Assembleia da República que

presentemente se reporta.

Agenda

12 de junho

• 16h30 (Hora de Lisboa) – Partida da AR

• 18h50 (Hora de Lisboa) – Partida de Lisboa (LIS) para Paris (CDG)

• 22h20 (CET) – Chegada a Paris (CDG)

• 23h45 (CET) – Partida de Paris (CDG) para Santiago de Chile (SCL)

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13 de junho

• 08h05 (CET-7) – Chegada ao aeroporto de Santiago de Chile (SCL)

• 09h00 (CET-7) – Chegada ao Hotel Pullman Vitacura Santiago

• 12h00 (CET-7) – Prestação de cumprimentos a S. Ex.ª o Embaixador de Portugal no Chile, Dr. Carlos

Amaro

• Restante dia – contacto com a realidade socioeconómica da cidade de Santiago de Chile

14 de junho

• 7h00 (CET-7) – Pequeno-almoço

• 08h00 (CET-7) – Início dos trabalhos do X Fórum das Frentes Parlamentares contra a Fome na América

Latina e no Caribe – sede da FAO – Complexo da Organização das Nações Unidas, Santiago de Chile

• Pausa para almoço no Hotel Pullman Vitacura Santiago, oferecido pela organização

• 15h00 (CET-7) – Resumo dos trabalhos no Hotel Pullman Vitacura Santiago

• Jantar oferecido pela organização no Hotel Pullman Vitacura Santiago

• 21h00 (CET-7) – Transfer assegurado pela organização para Valparaíso

• 22h45 (CET-7) – Chegada a Valparaíso e check-in no Hotel Pullman Viña del Mar

15 de junho

• 7h00 (CET-7) – Pequeno-almoço

• 8h00 (CET-7) – Início dos trabalhos da II Cimeira Parlamentar Mundial contra a Fome – Congresso do

Chile, Valparaíso

• 13h00 (CET-7) – Pausa para almoço oferecido pela organização

• 14h00 (CET-7) – Continuação dos trabalhos

• 20h00 (CET-7) – Lanche/coffee-break oferecido pela organização – Palácio Vergara, Valparaíso

• 22h00 (CET-7) – Regresso ao Hotel Pullman Viña del Mar

16 de junho

• 7h00 (CET-7) – Pequeno-almoço

• 8h00 (CET-7) – Continuação dos trabalhos da II Cimeira Parlamentar Mundial contra a Fome

• 12h30 (CET-7) – Reunião bilateral FAO – Frentes Parlamentares contra a Fome na América Latina e no

Caribe

• 13h30 (CET-7) – Pausa para almoço oferecido pela organização

• 14h15 (CET-7) – Continuação dos trabalhos

• 19h30 (CET-7) – Encerramento dos trabalhos

• 20h00 (CET-7) – Transfer para Santiago de Chile gentilmente cedido pelo Congresso do Chile

• 22h00 (CET-7) – Chegada ao Hotel Pullman Vitacura Santiago

17 de junho

• 8h00 (CET-7) – Pequeno-almoço

• 9h30 (CET-7) – Transfer para o aeroporto de Santiago de Chile (SCL)

• 11h55 (CET-7) – Partida de Santiago de Chile (SCL) para Paris (CDG)

18 de junho

• 7h45 (CET) – Chegada a Paris (CDG)

• 9h35 (CET) – Partida de Paris (CDG) para Lisboa (LIS)

• 11h15 (Hora de Lisboa) – Chegada a Lisboa (LIS)

• 12h00 (Hora de Lisboa) –Chegada à AR

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2. Partida de Lisboa e chegada ao Chile. Resumo do dia 13 de junho

A delegação suprapartiu, assim, de Lisboa no dia 12 de junho, rumo a Santiago de Chile, numa travessia

aérea assegurada pela operadora Air Fance com escala em Paris (concretamente, no Aeroporto Charles de

Gaulle). A viagem totalizou cerca de 16h, tendo a delegação chegado a Santiago de Chile pelas 9h da manhã

de dia 13 de junho.

Para o primeiro dia de estada naquele país, entendeu a delegação tomar contato com a realidade

socioeconómica do Chile, primeiramente através do contato com as populações civis e, seguidamente, com a

apresentação de cumprimentos ao Sr. Embaixador da República Portuguesa no Chile, Dr. Carlos Marques.

O Chile atravessa um período de forte mobilização política da sociedade civil, particularmente patente nos

recentes atos eleitorais realizados naquele país: à eleição da Frente de Convergência liderada por Gabriel Borić

Font, numa vitória histórica da esquerda chilena, seguiu-se a vitória da extrema-direita de José Antonio Kast nas

eleições para a Assembleia Constituinte.

A atmosfera de verdadeira ebulição que ora se ilustra é patente nas ruas de Santiago de Chile, uma cidade a

dois tempos, que exibe marcas de profunda desigualdade.

Figura 2 – Vitacura, o coração financeiro de Santiago de Chile. Vista do Parque do Bicentenário.

Figura 1 – Santiago de Chile – vista de teleférico. A cidade conta cerca de 8 milhões de habitantes e estende-se, desordenadamente, ao longo do vale onde se encontra estabelecida.

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A delegação teve oportunidade de contactar com a realidade de diversos distritos da cidade de Santiago; foi

neste contexto que nos foi possível apreender a dinâmica viva, multicultural, de celebração de diversidade, que

perpassa presentemente naquela cidade. Mas também foi possível tomar nota da marcada desigualdade que

se sente, inclusivamente, entre bairros contíguos.

A respeito do clima da região, a presente deslocação em missão oficial ocorre numa altura em que o território

chileno se vê marcadamente fustigado pelos efeitos das alterações climáticas.

Figuras 3, 4 e 5 – Exemplos de pinturas e outros materiais políticos observados em Santiago de Chile. A visita da Delegação da AR ocorreu em plena discussão de uma nova Constituição para o Chile; Submetido a plebiscito, o projeto de Constituição viria a ser rejeitado.

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Figura 6 – O Chile tem sentido, intensamente, o efeito das alterações climáticas. A maior seca em 50 anos constituiu

o cenário perfeito para os fortes incêndios florestais verificados em fevereiro de 2023. Este registo, capturado em

Santiago de Chile, é de 14 de junho de 2023; no final desse mês, o país seria fustigado por uma histórica vaga de

cheias.

Na sessão de apresentação de cumprimentos na Embaixada da República Portuguesa no Chile, foi possível

tomar contato com o contexto económico do Chile e, mais decididamente, da América Latina em 2023. Foi com

preocupação que se discutiu a realidade da dívida pública argentina; noutro tom, a animadora trajetória da

economia chilena e as oportunidades de abertura de novos mercados para os produtores e empresas

portuguesas foram notas bem recebidas pela delegação.

Figura 7 – Registo da apresentação de cumprimentos ao Senhor Embaixador de Portugal no Chile, Dr. Carlos Marques.

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Terminada a jornada de dia 13, a delegação recolheu ao Hotel Pullman Vitacura para preparar a participação

nos eventos dos dias que se seguiram.

3. O X Fórum Parlamentar das Frentes Parlamentares contra a Fome na América Latina e nas

Caraíbas

Figura 8 – Foto de família do X Fórum da Frente Parlamentar contra a Fome na América Latina e nas Caraíbas.

a. Enquadramento do evento

O X Fórum Parlamentar das Frentes Parlamentares contra a Fome na América Latina e nas Caraíbas

decorreu no dia 14 de junho, conforme se identifica na agenda supra. A sessão da manhã decorreu no complexo

das Nações Unidas em Santiago, mais precisamente nas instalações do Escritório Regional da FAO para a

América Latina e as Caraíbas. O programa do evento segue em anexo ao presente relatório.

As frentes parlamentares podem ser sumariamente definidas enquanto organizações, de grau de formalidade

variável, de parlamentares de diversas forças políticas – da esquerda à direita – que aderem individualmente às

mesmas e se articulam na prossecução de objetivos comuns, frequentemente atinentes à promoção de agendas

relacionadas com a concretização de direitos humanos e/ou a dinamização dos respetivos territórios; constituem,

assim, uma marca característica do parlamentarismo da América Latina, tendo a sua ação sido particularmente

patente a partir da década de oitenta do século passado.

Figura 9 – O Coordenador do GT-IAPPDAIG, Deputado Pedro do Carmo (PS), participou enquanto orador na sessão da manhã do Fórum.

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b. Participação da delegação da AR

O ponto fundamental da agenda do X Fórum Parlamentar recaía, precisamente, no lançamento de uma

Aliança Iberoamericana apostada na promoção do direito à alimentação com enfoque de género; todavia a

circunstância da dissolução das cortes espanholas inviabilizou a plena participação espanhola e a respetiva

assunção de compromissos tendentes ao lançamento daquele projeto – a este respeito, vale recordar que a

organização deste evento, bem como da II Cimeira Parlamentar Mundial contra a Fome e Subnutrição, tem na

Agência Espanhola de Cooperação Internacional e Desenvolvimento (AECID), um parceiro estratégico

fundamental.

Neste particular contexto, a participação portuguesa assumiu uma importância redobrada, constituindo um

sinal de forte aproximação destes países e, naturalmente, entre os parlamentares portugueses e os seus

homólogos espanhóis na promoção do Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável 2, que se prende com a

erradicação da fome.

Em representação da delegação portuguesa, coube ao Presidente da Comissão de Agricultura e Pescas na

Assembleia da República, Deputado Pedro do Carmo (PS), a participação, na qualidade de orador, na sessão

inaugural do evento, cuja intervenção seguidamente se transcreve. Na cerimónia inaugural intervieram ainda o

Ministro da Agricultura do Chile, Esteban Valenzuela; a Presidente da Comissão de Cooperação Internacional e

Desenvolvimento do Senado Espanhol, Senadora Elena Diego, por videoconferência; S. Ex.ª o Presidente da

Câmara de Deputadas e Deputados do Chile, Dr. Vlado Mirosevic; o Subdiretor Regional da FAO, Mario

Lubetkin; a Coordenadora da Frente Parlamentar contra a Fome do Chile, Deputada Carolina Marzán; e o

Coordenador Regional das Frentes Parlamentares contra a Fome na América Latina e nas Caraíbas, Deputado

Jairo Flores. O registo de vídeo parcial da sessão da manhã pode ser consultado aqui.

Figura 10 – Registo da delegação da AR junto ao escritório regional da FAO, no complexo da ONU, em Santiago de Chile.

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i. Intervenção do Presidente da 7.ª Comissão, CAPes, na sessão da manhã

Caras Senhoras e Caros Senhores,

É com enorme satisfação que a Assembleia da República Portuguesa marca hoje presença, pela primeira

vez, neste espaço, com a Aliança Parlamentar Portuguesa pelo Direito à Alimentação com Igualdade de Género.

Agradecemos, desde já, todo o apoio e cooperação amistosa emprestada ao nosso projeto pela FAO e pelos

nossos homólogos do Senado Espanhol, na pessoa da Ex-Senadora Elena Diego, absolutamente decisivo para

que o desejo de tomar um papel ativo no combate à fome na América Latina e no Caribe se materializasse.

A delegação a que tenho a honra de presidir deseja que esta participação inaugure um novo tempo de

cooperação iberoamericana na construção de um mundo melhor, mais justo e mais fraterno.

O tema que aqui nos traz e mobiliza não pode ser tomado de ânimo leve.

Este nosso encontro é a proclamação conjunta de que é inaceitável, em qualquer canto do mundo, que uma

mãe tenha de deixar de comer para prover à sua filha.

É a certeza de que, na partilha de problemas, estratégias e soluções, as democracias do mundo podem, de

forma participada, erigir uma alternativa de solidariedade, compaixão e desenvolvimento que se quer inclusivo

e verdadeiramente global.

É a assunção da natureza última da responsabilidade política que nos une.

É o combate derradeiro pela humanidade, com humanidade.

E esse combate não se faz sem compreender a urgência de avançarmos todos juntos, a um tempo.

Caras e caros colegas parlamentares,

Esta é uma luta de vocação universal, porque também universais são as tragédias que a condicionam em

menor ou menor grau:

a tragédia das alterações climáticas, que tornam imprevisível – ou impossível – a produção sustentada de

alimentos nos diversos pontos do globo;

a tragédia da guerra e da doença, que afetaram e afetam a capacidade de prover segurança alimentar à

escala global e, especialmente, a quem mais precisa;

a tragédia da pobreza extrema, que contribui decisivamente para o agudizar dos desafios às respostas

sociais.

Figura 11 – O Coordenador do GT-IAPPDAIG, Deputado Pedro do Carmo (PS), dirige-se aos homólogos parlamentares da América Latina e

das Caraíbas na sessão da manhã.

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No caso português e à semelhança do que se tem sentido à escala global, o cenário que vos descrevo

conduziu a um crescimento desenfreado da inflação, com consequências brutais na segurança alimentar do

país e no acesso das famílias a bens alimentares de primeira necessidade.

A mitigação destes efeitos não se fez sem uma abordagem integrada e criativa, com enfoque na fiscalidade,

reduzindo o imposto de valor acrescentado nestes bens, à semelhança dos nossos congéneres espanhóis, mas

também com incidência direta nos agricultores, que assim viram os seus custos de produção menos expostos a

este problema. No âmbito da política agrícola comum, foi ainda possível desenhar outros apoios diretos à

produção.

Mas, perante estes desafios, a Europa tem de decidir como quer encarar o combate à fome no mundo.

Não podemos continuar a avançar a dois ritmos, mantendo no espaço europeu um padrão de exigências

regulatórias e alfandegárias incapaz de responder, com seriedade, às contingências do flagelo global que aqui

sentimos com tamanha intensidade.

O projeto europeu não se pode construir à custa de fazer vista grossa às realidades à nossa volta e de que

tomamos consciência.

A ideia de não deixar ninguém para trás não pode conhecer fronteiras terrestres, marítimas ou aéreas, sob

pena de se convolar num mero leque de boas intenções.

Queridas amigas e queridos amigos,

A dimensão do desafio que se nos coloca – que é o de nos reinventarmos, reinterpretarmos a forma como

vemos a produção alimentar global e, sobretudo, como a distribuímos e redistribuímos – só nos pode convocar

para um caminho alicerçado na compreensão mútua e na compaixão entre os povos, tomando por referente

uma ideia plena de humanidade.

Não teremos asas para alcançar um ideário de desenvolvimento económico, social e ambiental sustentável

enquanto a fome nos cortar as pernas.

Neste caminho, ninguém pode ser dispensado: as respostas públicas que pretendemos ensaiar neste espaço

não dispensa, nem poderia dispensar, a proteção da especial vulnerabilidade das mulheres rurais; não esquece,

nem poderia esquecer, os pequenos produtores e os agricultores de subsistência; não se constrói, nem se

poderia construir, sem o envolvimento esclarecido e comprometido dos estratos substanciais da agricultura de

produção em tons de uma verdadeira economia de missão.

Após a sessão inaugural, seguiu-se uma breve apresentação do panorama de segurança alimentar e

nutricional de 2022, na América Latina e nas Caraíbas, levada a cabo pela Dr.ª Daniela Godoy, responsável da

FAO pelo dossier da Segurança Alimentar para a América Latina e as Caraíbas; uma alocução do Presidente

do Comité de segurança Alimentar Mundial das Nações Unidas, Gabriel Ferrero e a propósito do papel dos

parlamentos na prossecução da fome zero no atual cenário mundial; e, por fim, uma breve intervenção a

propósito do projeto de Aliança Iberoamericana e do Pacto Parlamentar Iberoamericano por parte de Silvia

Giacoppo, Presidente do PARLATINO, e Luís Lobo, coordenador do Projeto de Apoio à Iniciativa América Latina

sem Fome do Programa Espanha – FAO para a América Latina e as Caraíbas.

Terminados os trabalhos, as delegações rumaram ao Hotel Pullman Vitacura, onde decorreram as sessões

da tarde.

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ii. Intervenção da delegação portuguesa na sessão da tarde

Os trabalhos da parte da tarde compreenderam três momentos: um primeiro, de interação com a sociedade

civil e com outras organizações, centrado na discussão de sugestões e recomendações a respeito da ação

política concertada para a promoção da direito à alimentação; um momento de intervenção das diversas

delegações nacionais para um breve ponto de situação a respeito das respetivas frentes parlamentares e dos

avanços legislativos registados a respeito dos temas em apreço; e um momento destinado à eleição dos novos

órgãos coordenadores das frentes parlamentares contra a Fome na América Latina e nas Caraíbas.

Figura 12 – No final dos trabalhos da manhã, a Sr.ª Deputada Fátima Ramos (PSD) tomou contato com homólogas de diversos parlamentos da América Latina, bem como outras lideranças femininas presentes no evento.

Figura 13 – Registo da sala onde decorreu a ronda de comunicações, pelas diversas delegações nacionais da FPH-ALC, do estado da arte no que concerne à promoção do direito à alimentação com enfoque de género nos respetivos países.

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Não integrando formalmente as frentes parlamentares contra a Fome da América Latina e nas Caraíbas, a

Delegação portuguesa, naturalmente, não participou na eleição dos seus novos coordenadores; participou,

outrossim, na sessão de contacto com que a sociedade civil, com particular enfoque nos contributos dos povos

indígenas para a questão do combate à fome e, vis-à-vis, para a tomada de consciência da sua especial

vulnerabilidade neste contexto.

Nessa mesma sessão houve ainda a possibilidade de assistir a uma alocução sobre comunicação política

eficiente pela AECID, na pessoa do Dr. Enric Sol. Desta sessão fica uma imagem forte, frequentemente repetida:

a de que «a fome tem rosto de mulher». O que fica dito constitui uma feliz ilustração das particulares dificuldades

que as mulheres rurais daqueles territórios enfrentam, tanto no contexto do acesso à terra como do acesso a

alimentação digna.

No momento destinado às intervenções das frentes parlamentares nacionais a Delegação portuguesa – numa

intervenção conduzida por todos os membros da Delegação – teve oportunidade de expor o ponto de situação

nacional a respeito da possibilidade de criação de uma aliança parlamentar portuguesa; seguidamente, foi

possível transmitir ainda às restantes delegações o sentimento de solidariedade e identificação com a causa da

erradicação da fome na América Latina e o desejo do aprofundamento da partilha de experiências legislativas e

de políticas públicas com os homólogos daqueles territórios.

No que concerne ao ato eleitoral, a parlamentar Sonia Rojas Mendez, da Costa Rica, foi eleita a nova

coordenadora regional da Comissão Coordenadora Executiva do Frente Parlamentar contra a Fome da América

Latina e nas Caraíbas, com a parlamentar Laura Párraga, da Bolívia a ser indicada como coordenadora adjunta

regional. A Deputada Sonia Rojas torna-se, assim, a primeira mulher de ascendência indígena a ser eleita para

o cargo.

Determinados trabalhos as delegações dirigiram-se nessa noite para Valparaíso, onde decorreria, nos dias

15 e 16 de junho, a II Cimeira Parlamentar Mundial contra a Fome e Subnutrição.

Figuras 14 e 15 – À margem da eleição da nova coordenação da FPH-ALC, o coordenador do GT-IAPPDAIG, Deputado Pedro do Carmo (PS), é entrevistado pela assessoria de comunicação da FAO a respeito da primeira participação portuguesa no Fórum; seguidamente, procedeu-se à entrega de uma lembrança simbólica à Dr.ª Barbara Villar Lago, assinalando o seu contributo e apoio à delegação da AR na preparação desta participação.

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4. A II Cimeira Parlamentar Mundial contra a Fome e Subnutrição

Figura 16 – «Foto de família» das delegações à II Cimeira Parlamentar Mundial contra a Fome e Subnutrição.

a. Enquadramento do evento

A II Cimeira Parlamentar Mundial contra a Fome e Subnutrição decorreu assim nas instalações do Congresso

Nacional do Chile, sito em Valparaíso. As delegações ficaram alojadas nos hotéis indicados pela organização,

todos na vila vizinha de Viña del Mar. O programa do evento, bem como a respetiva nota de enquadramento,

anexa-se ao presente relatório. Participaram, no evento, delegações de cerca de 160 países.

A cimeira ofereceu a oportunidade única de obter um retrato fidedigno do estado da fome no mundo, com a

contribuição da Academia, de estruturas técnicas dedicadas da Organização das Nações Unidas e de

interlocutores-chave das diversas latitudes do globo. Foi possível, inclusivamente, apreender que o tema da

alimentação apresenta desafios muito diversos nas diferentes regiões: foi, nesse sentido, percetível que estes

problemas não se reduzem ao binómio abundância-escassez, nem tão-pouco se esgotam nos dilemas da

organização económica da produção agrícola. Ainda a este respeito, cumpre dar nota da frequente referência a

figuras jurídicas e modelos organizacionais de políticas públicas que têm sido introduzidos, consagrados e

desenvolvidos no nosso ordenamento jurídico: desde logo, a questão da dinamização da agricultura familiar –

particularmente no contexto da América Latina, muito associada ao campesinato, com perfeita tradução nas

dinâmicas de desenvolvimento rural –, mas também às estratégias de escoamento de produtos agrícolas

regionais através de refeitórios públicos, com particular incidência no contexto das escolas e o impacto que esta

estratégia, assente na compra agregada a pequenos produtores, teve na melhoria da realização do direito à

alimentação dos destinatários (essencialmente, crianças); outro aspeto amplamente discutido prendeu-se com

o acesso à terra.

Foi, de resto, com particular interesse que se identificou o conjunto de progressos que se tem verificado

nestas matérias, no domínio da legislação nacional, reminiscentes dos diversos processos legislativos discutidos

na Comissão de Agricultura e Pescas durante a XIII, a XIV e a XV Legislaturas.

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b. Sessão Inaugural

Figura 17 – Vista das galerias da Sala das Sessões da Câmara de Deputadas e Deputados do Chile.

Figuras 18, 19 e 20 – Registos da sessão solene de abertura da II Cimeira Parlamentar Mundial contra a Fome (1). Em cima: a delegação da Assembleia da República, o Senhor Embaixador de Portugal no Chile. Em baixo, à esquerda: Sua Excelência o Presidente da República do Chile, Gabriel Borić, preside à sessão inaugural. Em baixo, à direita: registo da comunicação vídeo do Presidente da União Interparlamentar (UIP), Deputado Duarte Pacheco (PSD).

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A inauguração da Cimeira teve lugar no Salão Nobre do Congresso Nacional do Chile, sendo presidida por

S. Ex.ª o Presidente da República do Chile, Gabriel Borić Font. Na sessão inaugural usaram ainda da palavra o

Subdiretor Regional da FAO, Mario Lubetkin; a Deputada Carolina Marzán e a Senadora Carmen Gloria Aravena,

membros da Frente Parlamentar contra a Fome do Chile; o Presidente da Câmara de Deputadas e Deputados

do Chile, Dr. Vlado Mirosevic; e o Presidente do Senado da República do Chile, Senador Juan Antonio Coloma.

Na segunda parte da cerimónia inaugural, dedicada a declarações de lideranças parlamentares e parceiros

da organização, registaram-se alocuções da Dr.ª Gloria Sandoval, da parte da Agência Mexicana para

Cooperação Internacional para o Desenvolvimento (AMEXCID); do Dr. Ron Hartman da parte da IFAD; do

Embaixador Mario Arvelo, Representante Permanente da República Dominicana na FAO; do Embaixador

Gabriel Ferrero, Presidente do Comité de Segurança Alimentar Mundial; do Deputado Duarte Pacheco,

Presidente da União Interparlamentar; da Senadora Silvia Giacoppo, Presidente do PARLATINO; do Dr. Marou

Hassan Dit Koubou, Membro de Parlamento Pan-Africano; da Dr.ª Puan Maharani, Presidente da Assembleia

Interparlamentar da Ásia e Pacífico e Porta-Voz do Conselho Representativo Popular da República da Indonésia;

da Eurodeputada Pina Picierno, Vice-Presidente do Parlamento Europeu; do Deputado Jerges Mercado,

Presidente do Parlamento da Bolívia; da Deputada Celmira Sacramento, Presidente da Assembleia Nacional de

São Tomé e Príncipe; do Deputado Luis Redondo, Presidente do Parlamento das Honduras; do parlamentar

Saboto Caesar, Ministro da Agricultura de São Vicente e Granadinas; e, por fim, do Diretor da AECID, Dr. Antón

Leis.

O registo vídeo da sessão inaugural pode ser consultado aqui.

Após um rápido coffee break, o programa prosseguiu com uma primeira sessão de discussão de perspetivas

da segurança alimentar e nutrição, rumo a sistemas agroalimentares eficientes, inclusivos, resilientes e

sustentáveis.

Neste primeiro conjunto de intervenções de natureza mais técnica, participaram a Dr.ª Marcela Villareal,

Diretora da Divisão de Parcerias e Colaboração das Nações Unidas (FAO); a Dr.ª Camila Corvalán Diretora do

Centro de Investigação em Ambientes Alimentares e Prevenção de Doenças Crónicas associadas à Nutrição da

Unidade de Saúde Pública do Instituto de Nutrição Tecnologia Alimentar da Universidade do Chile; a Dr.ª Hilal

Elver, ex Special Rapporteur para o Direito à Alimentação (ONU); e o Dr. Sibiri Jean Zoundi, Subdiretor do

Secretariado do Sahel e África Ocidental.

A sessão em apreço terminou com um conjunto de comunicações, em mensagem de vídeo, de duas

personalidades galardoadas com o Prémio Nobel da Paz: Mohammed Yunus (2006) e Tawakkol Karman (2011).

Terminada a sessão, houve lugar a almoço no restaurante do Congresso Nacional do Chile.

Figuras 21 e 22 – Registos do final da Sessão Inaugural. À esquerda: a Sr.ª Deputada Fátima Ramos (PSD) com a delegação de Taiwan; à direita, com a Presidente da Assembleia Nacional de São Tomé e Príncipe, Celmira Sacramento.

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A parte da tarde foi, essencialmente, preenchida com duas sessões temáticas: uma primeira referente ao

desafio de garantir o acesso a dietas alimentares saudáveis para todos; e uma segunda focada na análise do

gender gap na segurança alimentar e nutricional. À margem dos trabalhos, o Governo do Chile aproveitou a

efeméride para lançar, em conferência de imprensa e na pessoa do Ministro da Agricultura, Esteban Valenzuela,

a Estratégia Nacional chilena de Soberania Alimentar para a Segurança Alimentar.

O registo de vídeo dos trabalhos do primeiro dia da II Cimeira pode ser consultado aqui.

Concluídos os trabalhos do primeiro dia, os participantes rumaram ao Palácio Vergara para uma receção

institucional, organizada pelo Governo do Chile, composta por um jantar volante e um breve espetáculo musical,

protagonizado por um projeto educativo de integração de crianças com necessidades especiais.

No segundo dia de trabalhos, realizaram-se dois painéis de discussão da parte da manhã: o primeiro, sobre

a transformação dos sistemas agroalimentares, em face das alterações climáticas; o segundo, sobre estratégias

de fortalecimento da cooperação e colaboração interparlamentares na promoção do direito a uma alimentação

adequada.

Durante a parte da manhã, assinalam-se três momentos-chave para a delegação portuguesa: primeiramente,

o encontro entre o Presidente da Comissão de Agricultura e Pescas, Deputado Pedro do Carmo, e o Presidente

da Comissão de Política Agrária e Fundiária da Verkhovna Rada, Dr. Oleksandr Haydu, que em baixo se regista;

seguidamente, a intervenção do Sr. Presidente da CAPes na segunda sessão acima identificada, na qual teve

oportunidade de ilustrar o sentimento de missão e de capacitação para enquadrar os problemas globais da fome

que perpassou a Delegação portuguesa na sequência da participação neste evento; e, por fim, a reunião bilateral

entre a Delegação da Assembleia da República e as frentes parlamentares contra a Fome na América Latina e

nas Caraíbas, moderada pelo Subdiretor Regional da FAO, Mario Lubetkin.

Figura 25 – Registo do encontro do Presidente da CAPes com o Presidente da Comissão de Política Agrária e Fundiária da Verkhovna Rada (Ucrânia), Oleksandr Haydu.

Figuras 23 e 24 – À esquerda: registo das declarações da Sr.ª Deputada Fátima Ramos (PSD) à assessoria de comunicação da FAO. À direita: registo do encontro entre a Sr.ª Deputada Fátima Ramos (PSD) e a Deputada Carolina Marzán, principal responsável pela organização do evento da parte do Congresso Nacional do Chile.

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c. Reunião bilateral, moderada pelo Sr. Subdiretor-Geral da FAO, Mario Lubetkin, entre a delegação

da Assembleia da República e a FPH-ALC

A reunião bilateral a que agora se faz menção realizou-se paralelamente aos trabalhos, integrando um

conjunto de outras reuniões da mesma natureza, todas mediadas pela FAO, no âmbito das quais foi possível

coordenar a ação concreta das organizações interparlamentares envolvidas.

O tema fundamental da presente reunião prendeu-se com a primeira participação portuguesa, enquanto

observador, no X Fórum das FPH-ALC, o ensejo de contribuir para o estabelecimento do projeto da Aliança

Iberoamericana e a vontade, expressada pela FAO e pelas frentes parlamentares presentes na reunião, em que

a formalização e o lançamento desse projeto tivessem lugar em Lisboa, na Assembleia da República, durante o

ano de 2024. O envolvimento do Parlamento português foi elogiado e tido como crucial para o avanço da agenda

do direito à alimentação naqueles territórios, mas também no que concerne ao fortalecimento do diálogo

interparlamentar com os parceiros europeus e, bem assim, na eventual replicação de modelos cooperativos

observados entre Espanha e a América Latina no contexto da CPLP.

Figura 26 – Registo da reunião bilateral.

Figura 27 – O Coordenador do GT-IAPPDAIG, Deputado Pedro do Carmo (PS), usa da palavra.

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II SÉRIE-D — NÚMERO 18

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Concluída a reunião bilateral, a delegação seguiu para o almoço. Da parte da tarde, abriu-se a discussão do

Pacto Parlamentar Mundial, que se viu aprovado e integra, em anexo, o presente relatório, e no âmbito do qual,

entre outros compromissos, se exigiu – e, presentemente, já se verifica – que as representações parlamentares

tivessem lugar no Comité de Segurança Alimentar Mundial.

O registo de vídeo dos trabalhos do segundo dia da II Cimeira pode ser consultado aqui.

Após as intervenções de encerramento, concluiu-se o evento, rumando a Delegação portuguesa a Santiago

de Chile, de onde partiria em direção a Lisboa no dia seguinte, chegando a Portugal no dia 18 de junho.

5. Epílogo

Terminada a participação da Assembleia da República nos termos descritos, o aprofundamento dos trabalhos

referentes ao projeto da Aliança Parlamentar Ibérica viu-se, primeiramente, condicionados pela circunstância da

dissolução das Cortes espanholas e, ato contínuo, pelo anúncio de dissolução da Assembleia da República,

inviabilizando a boa prossecução, na XV Legislatura, dos temas em apreço. Em reunião técnica realizada, no

passado mês de novembro, entre a equipa de apoio da CAPes e a coordenação técnica da FAO, foi patente o

interesse daquela organização no apoio à recuperação deste projeto durante a XVI Legislatura, com a eventual

solicitação de um ponto focal dos Serviços da Assembleia da República para o acompanhamento deste dossier.

Ao presente relatório juntam-se, em anexo e em complemento à informação que presentemente se presta, o

seguinte conjunto de documentos:

• Declaração de 22 de março de 2023;

• Nota de enquadramento e programa dos eventos;

• Declaração conjunta do X Fórum Parlamentar das FPH-ALC;

• Pacto Global contra a Fome celebrado na II Cimeira Parlamentar Mundial contra a Fome e Subnutrição.

Figuras 28 e 29 – Registos do final da reunião: à esquerda, com o Subdiretor Regional da FAO para a América Latina e as Caraíbas, Mario Lubetkin; à direita, o Presidente do Comité de Segurança Alimentar Mundial das Nações Unidas, Gabriel Ferrero.

Página 19

A 22 de março de 2023, na Sala do Senado do Palácio de São Bento, em ·reunião da

Comissão de Agricultura e Pescas subordinada à apresentação do projeto de Aliança

Parlamentar Ibero-Americana pela Erradicação da Fom� e pela Igualdade de Género na

América Latina e no Caribe,

Considerando que a erradicação da fome se deve erigir como uma missão comum a toda

a Humanidade, particularmente evidente num mundo pós-pandémico;

Assumindo a interseccionalidade patente no desafio da erradicação da Fome e no combate

·às desigualdades de género;

Convocando os laços de amizade e cooperação parlamentar portuguesa com os homólogos

da América Latina e Caribe;

Reconhecendo que, desde 2009, a Frente Parlamentar contra a Fome na América Latína e

no Caribe e a Aliança Parlamentar Espanhola pelo Direito à Alimentação, apoiado pelo

programa Espanha-FAO, têm desenvolvido um trabalho meritório no combate à Fome com

Igualdade çje Género naquela região;

Assinalando a importante contribuição do Senado Espanhol na construção de um diálo_go

ibériGO para o desenho de soluções para os flagelos da Fome e da Desigualdade;

Reiterando o compromisso das parlamentares portuguesas e dos parlamentares

portugueses no desenvolvimento de uma agricultura sustentável e garante de segurança e

soberania alimentares·,

As Senhoras Deputadas e Senhores Deputados abaixo-assinados

Comprometem-se a:

1. Criar a Aliança Parlamentar Portuguesa pelo_ Direito à Alimentação com Igualdade de

Género;

ANEXOS

Declaração de 22 de março de 2023

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Página 20

2. Encetar esforços com vista ao estabelecimento de uma Aliança Parlamentar Ibero­Americana apostada:

a. No fortalecimento da cooperação interparlamentar;b. No intercâmbio de experiências no plano do pensamento legislativo e da

política pública comparada;c. Na elaboração e acom·panhamento dos instrumentos idóneos à implementação

do ODS 2 com Igualdade de Género, tanto a nível ibero-americano comomundial, dando cumprimento aos acordos e compromissos firmados na 1Cúpula Parlamentar Mundial contra a Fome e Subnutrição e na próxima liCúpula Parlamentar Mundial que se realizará no Chile em 2023.

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II SÉRIE-D — NÚMERO 18 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Página 21

JUSTIFICACIÓNEn un contexto global complejo, con condiciones humanitarias adversas, América Latina y el Caribe enfrenta notables desafíos para erradicar el hambre y la malnutrición en todas sus formas.

A pesar de los avances logrados en la región para reducir la desnutrición infantil en las últimas décadas, el hambre y la inseguridad alimentaria han ido en aumento desde 2015, alcanzando su nivel más alto en el contexto de la pandemia de la COVID-19.

Según recientes datos del Panorama de la Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional 2022, durante el 2021 el 29,3% de la población mundial se vio afectada por la inseguridad alimentaria moderada o grave, mismo año en que en América Latina y el Caribe 56,5 millones de personas padecieron hambre y un 40,6% de su población se enfrentaba a una inseguridad alimentaria moderada o grave.

A lo anterior, se suman las disparidades específicas de género existentes en la inseguridad alimentaria, que se acentúan en mayor medida en esta parte del mundo. Disminuir estas brechas es un imperativo ético y práctico, pues sin una verdadera igualdad de género no se logrará la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional para todas y todos.

Otro dato alarmante es que en América Latina y el Caribe el costo de las dietas saludables corresponde a uno de los más elevados del mundo. En 2020, 131 millones de personas no podían permitirse una alimentación saludable en la región, lo que afecta gravemente a la nutrición y la salud de las poblaciones más vulnerables, incluidos los niños, las niñas y las mujeres.

Nota de enquadramento e programa dos eventos

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X FOROFrente Parlamentario contra el Hambre de América Latina y el Caribe Santiago de Chile - 14 de junio del 2023

Adicionalmente, el cambio climático representa una de las mayores amenazas para la producción alimentaria mundial y regional, y, a su vez, las prácticas no sostenibles de los sistemas agroalimentarios impactan negativamente sobre el clima.

Para cambiar este complejo panorama, se necesita avanzar decididamente hacia una transformación de los actuales sistemas agroalimentarios, que los haga más eficientes, inclusivos, resilientes y sostenibles para una mejor producción, una mejor nutrición, un mejor medio ambiente y una vida mejor, sin dejar a nadie atrás.

Para ello, es importante lograr una sólida cooperación multilateral y voluntad política a todos los niveles (local, nacional, regional, birregional y global), además de la participación de todos los actores de la sociedad, tal como lo mandata la Agenda 2030.

Desde la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO) se sostiene que un compromiso político sólido – acompañado de una adecuada asistencia técnica para el desarrollo de políticas públicas de Estado- podrá lograr cambios duraderos en el tiempo y de gran impacto en la transformación esperada, la que, indisociablemente, debe ser guiada por los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) 1, 2, 5, 10,13, 16 y 17.

ODS 1: Fin de la Pobreza

ODS 2: Hambre Cero

ODS 5: Igualdad de género

ODS 13: Acción por el Clima

ODS 16: Paz, Justicia e Instituciones Sólidas

ODS 17: Alianzas para lograr los Objetivos

ODS 10: Reducción de las desigualdades

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X FOROFrente Parlamentario contra el Hambre de América Latina y el Caribe Santiago de Chile - 14 de junio del 2023

En dicho desafío, un rol activo y eficaz de los parlamentos es fundamental. Esto, ya que cuentan con una gran capacidad de alcanzar consensos de Estado y presupuestos adecuados, en un trabajo colaborativo con los distintos actores de la sociedad como: los ejecutivos, la sociedad civil, la academia, los medios de comunicación, las organizaciones internacionales, entre otros.

ANTECEDENTESEl Frente Parlamentario contra el Hambre de América Latina y el Caribe (FPH-ALC) es una red, plural e institucionalizada en sus parlamentos, que moviliza voluntades y amplios compromisos políticos desde hace más de 10 años. La integran más de 400 parlamentarios y parlamentarias, y es apoyada por la FAO, la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID) y la Agencia Mexicana de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AMEXCID).

Desde su conformación en 2009, el FPH-ALC ha impulsado la aprobación de más de 80 leyes y políticas nacionales y regionales que han contribuido directamente al reconocimiento y la realización del derecho a la alimentación adecuada, a la seguridad alimentaria con enfoque de género, a la reducción y prevención de pérdidas y desperdicio de alimentos, al derecho a la información de los consumidores, a la alimentación escolar, al fortalecimiento de la agricultura familiar sostenible, a la toma de acción por el clima, entre otras temáticas.

A la fecha, son 21 congresos nacionales y cinco parlamentos regionales los que integran el FPH-ALC. Éstos últimos se destacan por su importante trabajo vinculado al desarrollo de leyes marco o modelo que sirven de referencia a los países a la hora de generar leyes nacionales o locales.

El trabajo del FPH-ALC ha sido tomado como referencia para la creación de plataformas similares; tal como la “Alianza Parlamentaria Española por el Derecho a la Alimentación”, que se creó en 2018 en las Cortes Generales y se relanzó el 2021 en el Senado de dicho país, y la “Alianza Parlamentaria Portuguesa por el Derecho a la Alimentación con Igualdad de Género” oficializada en marzo de 2023 en el seno de la Comisión de Agricultura y Pesca de la Asamblea de Portugal.

OBJETIVO GENERAL El X Foro del FPH-ALC se realiza en un momento crítico en la región. Por lo cual, su objetivo será fortalecer el trabajo del FPH-ALC y promover, paralelamente, un

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X FOROFrente Parlamentario contra el Hambre de América Latina y el Caribe Santiago de Chile - 14 de junio del 2023

compromiso político del más alto nivel entre los parlamentos de Iberoamérica y el Caribe para que contribuyan a la generación, aprobación y fiscalización de políticas públicas de Estado y presupuestos adecuados orientados a un efectivo cumplimiento de los ODS 1, 2, 5, 10 y 13 en contexto de post pandemia y crisis climática; fortaleciendo, a su vez, el logro de los ODS 16 y 17.

Se trata, además, de un objetivo que proyecta instalar un trabajo legislativo permanente en la región iberoamericana y caribeña que apunte a una verdadera transformación de los sistemas agroalimentarios, hacia sistemas más eficientes, inclusivos, resilientes y sostenibles.

Bajo esa misma idea, se busca que dicho trabajo parlamentario contribuya a esfuerzos regionales como el nuevo impulso para la “Iniciativa América Latina y el Caribe sin Hambre 2025”, un compromiso suscrito en 2006 por los países de la región; y a acuerdos globales como los de la Cumbre Mundial de Sistemas Alimentarios de 2021 y los derivados de la I y II Cumbre Parlamentaria Mundial contra el Hambre y la Malnutrición.

RESULTADOS ESPERADOS

Fortalecimiento del FPH-ALC

Producto de la pandemia por la COVID-19 y los conflictos globales que se han generado en los últimos años, desde 2018 que no se celebra el Foro del FPH-ALC. Retomar esta instancia resulta tremendamente relevante ya que permitirá el fortalecimiento de la integración regional desde los parlamentos, el intercambio de conocimiento y experiencias, y la movilización de compromisos concretos y voluntades políticas para la transformación de los actuales sistemas agroalimentarios de la región.

Asimismo, se espera que las conclusiones del X Foro contribuyan al proceso de actualización del “Plan para la Seguridad Alimentaria, Nutrición y Erradicación del Hambre de la CELAC 2025” (Plan SAN CELAC), acordado en la Declaración de Buenos Aires, el 24 de enero de 2023, tras la VII Cumbre de Jefas y Jefes de Estado Latinoamericanos y Caribeños, así como a su posterior implementación con apoyo de los parlamentos.

Durante el evento, además, se elegirá la nueva Comisión Coordinadora Ejecutiva (CCE) del FPH-ALC.

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X FOROFrente Parlamentario contra el Hambre de América Latina y el Caribe Santiago de Chile - 14 de junio del 2023

Lanzamiento de la “Alianza Parlamentaria Iberoamericana por la Seguridad Alimentaria para todos y todas”

A fin de institucionalizar una importante red de colaboración que se ha venido desarrollando entre los parlamentos de España, Portugal y América Latina en el ámbito de la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional, el X Foro se propone oficializar una alianza de cooperación interparlamentaria entre el “FPH-ALC”, la “Alianza Parlamentaria Española por el Derecho a la Alimentación” y la “Alianza Parlamentaria Portuguesa por el Derecho a la Alimentación con Igualdad de Género” que se ha venido forjando desde la I Cumbre Parlamentaria Mundial contra el Hambre y la Malnutrición en 2018, con el apoyo de la FAO y las agencias de cooperación internacional de España y México.

Asimismo, esta alianza se articulará con los procesos impulsados desde la Secretaría General Iberoamericana (SEGIB) en relación al ODS2 y al logro de la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional en todos los países involucrados, una prioridad ratificada en el XI Foro Parlamentario Iberoamericano que se realizó en República Dominicana en noviembre de 2022.

La alianza nace como un esfuerzo adicional en un contexto de múltiples plataformas parlamentarias por el ODS2 funcionando en la región y en el mundo; un proceso de sinergias en continuo desarrollo y expansión. En particular, se espera que esta alianza iberoamericana funcione de forma complementaria y paralela, en ningún caso sustitutiva, al trabajo que ya ejercen, por separado, las tres alianzas parlamentarias que la compondrán.

Adicionalmente, se espera que su funcionamiento se base en un instrumento concreto que permita liderar compromisos de alto nivel político y asegurar un trabajo legislativo de gran impacto. Se trata del “Pacto Parlamentario Iberoamericano por la seguridad alimentaria para todos y todas”, un acuerdo formal que buscará asegurar, mediante el establecimiento de metas e indicadores, una adecuada identificación, implementación y seguimiento de acciones que impacten positivamente en la transformación de los sistemas agroalimentarios a nivel local, nacional, regional y global.

La alianza Parlamentaria Iberoamericana dará seguimiento a los compromisos de la I y II Cumbre Parlamentaria Mundial contra el Hambre y la Malnutrición, fortalecerá el trabajo parlamentario birregional y mundial, consolidará las relaciones existentes entre los FPH ALC y las alianzas parlamentarias española y

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X FOROFrente Parlamentario contra el Hambre de América Latina y el Caribe Santiago de Chile - 14 de junio del 2023

portuguesa, además de incentivar la cooperación de ida y vuelta y la movilización de nuevos recursos para el trabajo legislativo en torno a la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional.

Se espera, además, que, durante el X Foro, tanto el FPH-ALC como las alianzas parlamentarias de España y Portugal definan la forma de coordinación general de la “Alianza Parlamentaria Iberoamericana por la Seguridad Alimentaria para todos y todas”.

Incorporación del enfoque de género en las acciones del FPH-ALC

A nivel mundial, la prevalencia de la inseguridad alimentaria entre las mujeres es mayor que la de los hombres. En tanto, en América Latina y el Caribe esta brecha es aún mayor en comparación al mundo y a las otras regiones (4,3 puntos porcentuales en el mundo en 2021, frente a 11,3 puntos porcentuales en la región).

Es por ello que para el FPH-ALC, disminuir las brechas entre mujeres y hombres en el ámbito de la alimentación es una cuestión prioritaria. Sin lograrlo no podrán cumplirse las metas de los 17 Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, incluido el ODS2: Hambre Cero.

Gran parte del trabajo del Frente se caracteriza por un gran liderazgo de mujeres parlamentarias y la importancia que le dan sus integrantes a la incorporación de un enfoque de género en la legislación sobre seguridad alimentaria y nutricional, y agricultura sostenible que impulsan.

EVENTO PARALELO

Conversatorio “Seguridad Alimentaria en la Agenda Pública: el rol de los medios y los parlamentos para una mejor nutrición, producción, medioambiente y vida en Iberoamérica y el Caribe”

La voluntad política es una de las principales herramientas del Frente para movilizar acciones contra el hambre y la malnutrición, pero con ello no basta. Se requieren fuerzas tanto del sistema político, como del sistema mediático y de las y los ciudadanos para que la seguridad alimentaria y la agricultura sostenible, con perspectiva de género, llegue a lo más alto de las agendas públicas. Por lo

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X FOROFrente Parlamentario contra el Hambre de América Latina y el Caribe Santiago de Chile - 14 de junio del 2023

cual, en este reto, el papel de las y los periodistas, y de las y los comunicadores es clave.

En base a dicha idea, la décima versión del Foro del FPH-ALC contemplará la realización del “Conversatorio: Seguridad Alimentaria en la Agenda Pública”, que facilitará el intercambio de experiencias y conocimientos entre profesionales de la comunicación, legisladores y especialistas de la FAO, la AECID y la AMEXCID.

Asimismo, la actividad pretende fortalecer las alianzas de la FAO con medios de comunicación de alcance global interesados en la visibilización de las acciones parlamentarias que sean definidas durante el X Foro del FPH-ALC.

El conversatorio se llevará a cabo el día previo al X Foro (13 de junio de 2023), tendrá una duración de media jornada y contará con una presentación inaugural del Subdirector General de la FAO y Representante para América Latina y el Caribe, Mario Lubetkin.

DOCUMENTOS CLAVE 10 Notas de Orientación Jurídica para Parlamentarios de América Latina y el Caribe

Lecciones y buenas prácticas de las alianzas parlamentarias por el ODS2 desde el enfoque de la Cooperación Española

La protección de los derechos de las mujeres rurales en América Latina, estado actual de la legislación y políticas existentes en el contexto de post pandemia covid-19

Panorama de la Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional 2022

Propuesta desde los parlamentos de Iberoamérica para la Cumbre sobre los Sistemas Alimentarios de Naciones Unidas - 2021

Otros documentos generados por el FPH-ALC con apoyo de la FAO, la AECID y la AMEXCID

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X FOROFrente Parlamentario contra el Hambre de América Latina y el Caribe Santiago de Chile - 14 de junio del 2023

AGENDA TENTATIVA X FORO DEL FPH-ALCX FORO del FPH-ALC

8.00-8.30 Acreditación Todos los participantes

8.30-9.30 Inauguración oficial

Secretaria de Estado para la Cooperación Internacional de España o Director AECID

Canciller y/o Ministro de Agricultura de Chile (Por definir)

Representante de AMEXCID (Por definir)

Presidente Senado de España o Presidenta Comisión deCooperación Internacional delSenado España (Por definir)

Presidente de la Asamblea de Portugal o Presidente de la Comisión de Agricultura (Por definir)

Diputado Jairo FloresCoordinador regional FPH ALC

Diputada Carolina MarzánCoordinadora FPH de Chile

Mario LubektinDirector Regional de la FAO

9.30-10.00

Presentación del Panorama de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional 2022.“Las actuales cifras del hambre y cómo revertirlas”

Daniela Godoy Oficial Principal de Seguridad Alimentaria de FAO para América Latina y el Caribe

10.00-10.15

Conferencia magistral “El rol de los parlamentos para lograr el Objetivo Hambre Cero en el actual escenario mundial”

Gabriel Ferrero Presidente del Comité de Seguridad Alimentaria Mundial

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X FOROFrente Parlamentario contra el Hambre de América Latina y el Caribe Santiago de Chile - 14 de junio del 2023

10:15-11:00

“Lanzamiento oficial de la Alianza Parlamentaria Iberoamericana por la Seguridad Alimentaria para todos y todas”y del Pacto Parlamentario Iberoamericano.

Diputado Jairo FloresCoordinador regional FPH-ALC

Alianza Parlamentaria Española por el Derecho a la Alimentación (Por definir)

Diputado/a de Portugal (Por definir)

Senadora Silvia GiacoppoPresidenta del PARLATINO

Luis LoboCoordinador del Proyecto de Apoyo a la Iniciativa América Latina y Caribe sin Hambre del Programa España-FAO para América Latina y el Caribe

Modera: Parlamento PARLASUR

11.00-11.15 Foto de familia y punto de prensa

11.15-11.30 Coffee break

11.30-12.00

Sugerencias y recomendaciones de los aliados de la acción parlamentaria por la seguridad alimentaria

Representante del ODA-ALC (Por definir: Rol de la academia)

Representante de Sociedad Civil(Por definir: la incidencia de la sociedad civil en el logro de la SAN)

Representante del sector privado (Por definir)

Enric-Sol Brines Gómez Director de Comunicaciones de la AECID (Rol de los medios, conclusiones conversatorio día anterior)

Modera: Alfredo Mayén Coordinador del Programa Mesoamérica sin Hambre AMEXCID-FAO

12.00-13.00

Breve presentación de avance del Plan de Trabajo de cada capítulos nacional y regional del FPH-ALC y rendición de cuentas de la actual CCE

Autoridades de la CCE

Representante de cada FPH

Modera:(Por definir)

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X FOROFrente Parlamentario contra el Hambre de América Latina y el Caribe Santiago de Chile - 14 de junio del 2023

13.00-13.30 Plenaria Todos los participantes

13.30-15.30 Almuerzo

15.30-16.15

Fortalecimiento del trabajo parlamentario en materia de seguridad alimentaria y nutricional con enfoque de género

Claudia BritoOficial de Género de la FAO

Representante FPH-ALC(Por definir)

Elena DiegoPresidenta de la Comisión de Cooperación del Senado de España

Representante PARLAMERICAS

Representante de la sociedad civil (Por confirmar: experiencia de empoderamiento de mujeres rurales en la agricultura familiar de Chile)

Modera:PARLANDINO

16.15-17.15

Designación de nuevas autoridades de la CCE del FPH-ALC y de la Coordinación General de la Alianza Parlamentaria Iberoamericana por la Seguridad Alimentaria para todos y todas.

Todos los participantes

Modera: CCE

17.15- 17.30 Coffee Break

17.30-17.45 Clausura oficial

Autoridades de la nueva CCE

Antón LeisDirector de la AECID

Representante de AMEXCID

Mario LubektinDirector Regional de la FAO

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X FOROFrente Parlamentario contra el Hambre de América Latina y el Caribe Santiago de Chile - 14 de junio del 2023

ANEXO: Leyes impulsadas por el FPH, ordenadas según lineamientos de la propuesta desde los parlamentos de Iberoamérica para la Cumbre sobre los Sistemas Alimentarios de Naciones Unidas - 2021

Vía de Acción 1: Garantizar el acceso a alimentos sanos y nutritivos para todos. El De-recho a la Alimentación Adecuada como motor de la transformación de los sistemas alimentarios.

nº Parlamento Ley Año

1 Argentina Ley de Regulación del consumo de sodio 2013

2 Argentina Ley de Promoción de la Alimentación Saludable 2021

3 BoliviaLey de Alimentación Escolar en el marco de la Soberanía Alimentaria y la Economía Plural del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia.

2014

4 Bolivia Ley de Promoción de la Alimentación Saludable 2015

5 Brasil Ley de Alimentación Escolar 2009

6 Brasil Enmienda Constitucional al Art. 6 (reconoce el derecho a la alimentación dentro de los derechos sociales) 2010

7 ColombiaLey por medio de la cual se adoptan medidas para fomentar entornos alimentarios saludables y prevenir enfermedades no transmisibles y se adoptan otras disposiciones

2021

8 Costa Rica Ley de definición de la Canasta Básica por el bienestar integral de las familias 2020

9 Ecuador Ley Orgánica de Alimentación Escolar 2020

10 El Salvador Ley de Promoción, Protección y Apoyo a la Lactancia Materna 2013

11 El Salvador Ley del Programa de Vaso de Leche Escolar 2013

12 El Salvador Ley para la adquisición y consumo de leche fluida y sus derivados, por parte de las instituciones que administran fondos públicos 2021

13 El Salvador Dictamen para incluir explícitamente el derecho a la alimentación en la Constitución (debe ser ratificado por la próxima legislatura) 2021

14 FOPREL Ley Marco Regional referida al derecho a una alimentación y nutrición adecuada escolar 2014

15 Guatemala Ley de Alimentación Escolar 2017

16 Guatemala Reforma a la Ley de Alimentación Escolar 2021

17 Honduras Ley de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional 2011

18 Honduras Ley de Alimentación Escolar 2016

19 México Reforma Constitucional Art. 4º y 27 (incorpora derecho humano a la alimentación nutricional y desarrollo rural sustentable) 2011

20 México Reforma a la Ley General de Salud para promover la lactancia materna y el amamantamiento 2014

21 México Modificación en la Ley General de Desarrollo Social para reconocer el Derecho a una Alimentación Nutritiva 2016

22 Nicaragua Ley de Soberanía y Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional 2009

23 Nicaragua Ley del Digesto Jurídico Nicaragüense de la Materia Soberanía y Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional 2015

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X FOROFrente Parlamentario contra el Hambre de América Latina y el Caribe Santiago de Chile - 14 de junio del 2023

24 Nicaragua Ley de actualización del digesto jurídico nicaragüense de la materia de Soberanía y SAN 2019

25 Panamá Ley que establece medidas para promover la Alimentación Adecuada y estilo de vida saludable en los Centros Educativos. 2017

26 Paraguay Ley de Alimentación Escolar y Control Sanitario 2014

27 PARLANDINO Marco Normativo para la Seguridad Alimentaria con Calidad Nutricional y Respeto a las Políticas de Soberanía Alimentaria 2017

28 PARLANDINO Marco Normativo para Garantizar la Inocuidad de los alimentos en la Región Andina 2020

29 PARLATINO Ley Marco de Derecho a la Alimentación, Seguridad y Soberanía Alimentaria 2012

30 PARLATINO Ley Marco de Alimentación Escolar 2013

31 República Dominicana Ley de Seguridad y Soberanía Alimentaria y Nutricional 2016

32San Vicente

y las Granadinas

Ley Hambre Cero 2016

33 Uruguay Ley de Alimentación Saludable en los Centros de Enseñanza. Normas para su promoción 2013

34 Uruguay Ley sobre instalación de Salas de Lactancia Materna 2017

Vía de Acción 2: Adoptar modalidades de consumo sostenibles. Sistemas alimentarios con consumidores mejor informados, más conscientes y con mejores hábitos de consumo.

nº Parlamento Ley Año

35 Argentina Ley del Plan Nacional de Reducción de Pérdidas y Desperdicio de Alimentos 2018

36 Chile Ley sobre composición nutricional de los alimentos y su publicidad 2015

37 Colombia Ley por medio de la cual se crea la política para prevenir la pérdida y el desperdicio de alimentos 2019

38 El Salvador Ley de Fomento de la Donación de Alimentos 2019

39 México Modificación de la Ley General de Salud en materia de sobrepeso, obesidad y de etiquetado de alimentos y bebidas no alcohólicas 2019

40 Perú Ley de Reducción y prevención de pérdidas y desperdicios de alimentos 2019

41 Paraguay Ley que establece el régimen especial para la donación de alimentos 2020

42 PARLATINOLey Marco para América Latina sobre la regulación de la publicidad y promociones de alimentos y bebidas no alcohólicas dirigido a los niños, niñas y adolescentes

2012

43 PARLATINO Ley Modelo de Etiquetado de Productos Alimenticios Procesados y Ultraprocesados para el Consumo Humano y Protección a la Salud 2017

44 PARLATINO Ley Modelo para la Prevención y Reducción de las Pérdidas y Desperdicios de Alimentos 2022

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X FOROFrente Parlamentario contra el Hambre de América Latina y el Caribe Santiago de Chile - 14 de junio del 2023

Vía de Acción 3: Impulsar la producción favorable a la naturaleza. Agricultura Familiar consolidada digitalizada y sostenible para transformar los Sistemas Alimentarios.

nº Parlamento Ley Año

45 Ecuador Ley Orgánica de Tierras Rurales y Territorios Ancestrales 2016

46 Ecuador Ley Orgánica de Recursos Hídricos, Usos y Aprovechamiento del Agua 2014

47 Ecuador Ley Orgánica de Agrobiodiversidad, Semillas y Fomento de la Agricultura Sustentable 2017

48 Paraguay Ley Nacional de Cambio Climático 2017

49 Paraguay Ley Plan PROEZA (Pobreza, Reforestación, Energía y Cambio Climático) 2019

50 PARLANDINOMarco Normativo para Luchar Contra la Pesca Ilegal, No Declarada Y No Reglamentada (Pesca Indnr) y Fomentar el Desarrollo Sostenible de los Recursos Marítimos en los Países Miembros del Parlamento Andino

2020

51 PARLATINO Ley Modelo de Cambio Climático con enfoque en Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional 2021

52 Uruguay Ley que declara de interés general la conservación, investigación y el desarrollo sostenible de los recursos hidrobiológicos 2013

53 Uruguay Ley sobre Creación del Fondo de Financiamiento y Desarrollo Sustentable de la Actividad Lechera 2015

54 Uruguay Ley del Plan Nacional para el Fomento de la Producción con Bases Agroecológicas 2018

Vía de Acción 4: Promover medios de vida equitativos. Territorios rurales consolidados y con Agricultores Familiares que salen de la pobreza y transforman los sistemas alimentarios.

nº Parlamento Ley Año

55 Argentina Ley de Reparación histórica para la construcción de una nueva ruralidad en la Argentina 2014

56 Chile Ley de promoción, protección y fomento de la actividad apícola 2022

57 Colombia Ley por medio de la cual se dictan normas encaminadas a salvaguardar, fomentar y reconocer la gastronomía colombiana 2021

58 ColombiaLey por medio de la cual se expiden normas para garantizar beneficios sociales focalizados a los pescadores artesanales comerciales y de subsistencia

2022

59 Costa Rica Reforma Constitucional sobre el Derecho al Agua 2020

60 Ecuador Ley Orgánica para el Desarrollo de la Acuicultura y Pesca 2020

61 Ecuador Ley Orgánica de Sanidad Agropecuaria 2017

62 El Salvador Ley de Creación del Fideicomiso de Apoyo a la Producción del Café 2010

63 El Salvador Ley modificadora de la ley de Creación del Fideicomiso de Apoyo a la Producción del Café 2017

64 El Salvador Ley de Creación del Fideicomiso para la Soberanía Alimentaria y el rescate del sector agropecuario 2021

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X FOROFrente Parlamentario contra el Hambre de América Latina y el Caribe Santiago de Chile - 14 de junio del 2023

65 El Salvador Ley de Agricultura Familiar 2021

66 FOPREL Ley Marco Regional sobre el Derecho Humano al Agua Potable y Saneamiento 2015

67 México Ley Federal para el Fomento y Protección del Maíz Nativo 2020

68 México Reforma a la Ley Agraria 2022

69 México DF Ley de Agricultura Familiar 2015

70 Panamá Ley que establece la organización y funcionamiento de las cadenas agroalimentarias 2017

71 Panamá Ley de Agricultura Familiar 2020

72 Paraguay Ley de Defensa, Restauración y Promoción de la Agricultura Familiar Campesina 2019

73 Paraguay Ley de Crédito Agrario Diferenciado 2020

74 PARLANDINO Ley Marco para la Promoción y el Fortalecimiento de la Economía Campesina y la Agricultura Familiar en la Región Andina 2020

75 PARLATINO Ley Modelo de la Agricultura Familiar 2017

76 PARLATINO Ley Modelo de Pesca Artesanal o en Pequeña Escala 2017

77 PARLATINO Ley Modelo de Sistemas Comunitarios de Agua y Saneamiento 2021

78 Perú Ley de promoción y desarrollo de la agricultura familiar 2015

79 UruguayLey que declara de interés general la producción familiar agropecuaria y la pesca artesanal y establece un mecanismo de reserva de mercado estatal de bienes y servicios alimenticios

2014

Vía de Acción 5: Crear resiliencia ante las vulnerabilidades, las conmociones y las tensiones. Sistemas Alimentarios más resilientes en beneficio de todos y todas.

nº Parlamento Ley Año

80 El SalvadorLey transitoria de medidas de apoyo al sector agropecuario para garantizar la seguridad alimentaria ante la emergencia nacional de abril 2020

2020

81 Honduras Ley de Auxilio al Sector Productivo y a los trabajadores ante los efectos de la Pandemia provocada por el COVID-19 2020

82 HondurasLey que declara de prioridad nacional el apoyo al sector productor de alimentos y agroindustria alimentaria y decreta medidas para asegurar la soberanía y seguridad alimentaria

2020

83 Panamá Ley que dicta medidas económicas y financieras para contrarrestar los efectos del COVID-19 en la República de Panamá 2020

Vía transversal para el logro de las 5 vías Alianzas parlamentarias nacionales e internacionales, inclusión de los pueblos originarios e igualdad de género para transformar los Sistemas Alimentarios.

nº Parlamento Ley Año

84 Honduras Ley para el Programa Nacional de Crédito Solidario para la Mujer Rural 2015

85 Honduras Ley que modifica el Programa Nacional de Crédito Solidario para la Mujer Rural 2019

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Declaración Final X Foro Regional dei Frente Parlamentario contra el Hambre de América

Latina y el Caribe

Santiago de Chile, 14 de junio de 2023

Nosotras y nosotros, parlamentarias y parlamentarios comprometidos con el logro de un

mundo sin hambre ni malnutrición en todas sus formas, reunidos en el X Foro Regional dei

Frente Parlamentario contra el Hambre de América Latina y el Caribe (FPH-ALC) realizado

en Santiago de Chile, y movilizados ante los elevados indicadores de hambre y malnutrición

en todas sus formas en nuestra región, declaramos que:

• Reconocemos el trabajo desarrollado por el FPH-ALC durante estos 14 anos, con

apoyo permanente de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación

y la Agricultura (FAO), a través dei Provecto de Apoyo a la Iniciativa América Latina

y el Caribe sin Hambre, respaldado por la Agencia Espanola de Cooperación

Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID), y por el programa Mesoamérica sin Hambre

AMEXCID-FAO, iniciativa conjunta de la Agencia Mexicana de Cooperación

Internacional para el Desarrollo (AMEXCID) y la FAO.

• Valoramos el trabajo permanente de los más de 400 parlamentarios y

parlamentarias que conforman esta red plural presente en 21 parlamentos

nacionales y seis parlamentos regionales, que ha permitido el impulso de más de 85

leyes en torno ai Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible Nº2 {0052) "Hambre Cero" y sus

temáticas vinculadas. Asimismo, resaltamos el rol de los parlamentos regionales y

subregionales de América Latina y el Caribe, organismos de integración que han sido

fundamentales en la promoción de esta agenda, mediante la elaboración de leyes

modelo de referencia para los países.

• Nos comprometemos a seguir elevando la lucha contra el hambre y la malnutrición

en todas sus formas a lo más alto de las agendas políticas en nuestros países en

medio de un contexto global complejo, en el que, en el ano 2021, un tercio de la

población mundial se vio afectada por la inseguridad alimentaria moderada y grave,

cifra que se eleva a un 40,6% de la población en América Latina y el Caribe, región

donde se acrecientan las brechas entre hombres y mujeres y que presenta el mayor

costo de una dieta saludable en todo mundo.

• Resaltamos la participación y el compromiso de las parlamentarias y

parlamentarios dei Caribe, quienes se han propuesto incentivar la activación de

capítulos nacionales dei FPH en la subregión, considerando las particularidades de

sus países, muchos de ellos pequenos estados insulares en desarrollo altamente

vulnerables ai cambio climático, y las realidades críticas en términos de hambre y

malnutrición que presentan naciones como Haití.

• Igualmente, y valorando la importante presencia de Espana y Portugal en este X Foro

Regional, nos comprometemos a enfrentar de manera coordinada aquellos

desafíos comunes en la región iberoamericana, como son la brecha de género en

Declaração conjunta do X Fórum Parlamentar das FPH-ALC

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el acceso a dietas saludables y la realidad de las mujeres rurales, los impactos de la

crisis climática sobre los sistemas agroalimentarios, y los indicadores de

malnutrición, en especial aquellos de malnutrición por exceso traducidos en

alarmantes niveles de obesidad y sobrepeso en la mayoría de nuestros países.

• En ese escenario, y restando tan solo siete anos para alcanzar las metas de la Agenda

2030 de las Naciones Unidas, reafirmamos la necesidad de fortalecer la vinculación

con la sociedad civil, en especial con la academia, a través dei Observatorio dei

Derecho a la Alimentación de América Latina y el Caribe (ODA-ALC) y el Observatorio

dei Derecho a la Alimentación en Espana (ODA-ES), y de expandir las alianzas

parlamentarias, como mecanismos clave para seguir articulando coaliciones

promotoras cada vez más eficaces en el combate ai flagelo dei hambre y la

malnutrición en todas sus formas, incluyendo en ellas el aporte de los gobiernos

nacionales y organismos internacionales.

• Por ello, en este X Foro Regional dei FPH-ALC, ratificamos el compromiso de seguir

impulsando una Alianza Parlamentaria lberoamericana por la Seguridad

Alimentaria para Todos y Todas, esfuerzo tripartite entre el FPH-ALC, Espana y

Portugal, que busca institucionalizar una red de colaboración forjada desde la 1

Cumbre Parlamentaria Mundial contra el Hambre y la Malnutrición dei ano 2018, y

que pretende articularse con los procesos impulsados desde diferentes espacios de

diálogo y gobernanza mundial y regional, como la Unión Europea, la Comunidad de

Estados Latinoamericanos y Caribenos (CELAC), la Secretaría General

lberoamericana (SEGIB) y el Comité Mundial de Seguridad Alimentaria (CSA).

• En ese sentido, acordamos solicitar de forma explícita ai Comité Mundial de

Seguridad Alimentaria que incluya un espacio permanente para los parlamentos

dei mundo en dicho comité donde los parlamentarios de América Latina y el Caribe

y el resto dei mundo puedan compartir sus opiniones y sus experiencias con los

demás miembros.

• AI mismo tiempo, alentamos a la cooperación internacional a mantener e

incrementar los esfuerzos para sostener esta agenda, con una perspectiva de

mediano plazo que permita la concreción de más y mejores políticas de Estado y el

aumento de capacidades ai interior de los parlamentos.

• Participaremos activamente y daremos seguimiento a los compromisos emanados

de la li Cumbre Parlamentaria Mundial contra el Hambre y la Malnutrición, a

celebrarse en el Congreso Nacional de Chile durante los días 15 y 16 de junio de

2023, incluyendo la promoción dei Pacto Parlamentario Global para la

transformación de los sistemas agroalimentarios, instrumento con el cual el FPH­

ALC y los esfuerzos de articulación a nivel iberoamericano deberán coordinarse

adecuadamente.

• En vista de la apremiante necesidad de alcanzar la igualdad de género en todos los

ámbitos de la sociedad, especialmente en el contexto dei funcionamiento de los

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sistemas agroalimentarios, sin lo cual no será posible lograr la seguridad alimentaria

y nutricional para todos y todas, reforzaremos la adopción explícita de un enfoque

de género en todos los trabajos legislativos impulsados por el Frente Parlamentario

contra el Hambre de América Latina y el Caribe.

• Asimismo, adaptaremos una perspectiva climática en la acción legislativa,

tomando en cuenta los impactos de las prácticas no sostenibles de los sistemas

agroalimentarios en el medio ambiente, así como las consecuencias nocivas dei

cambio climático para la producción de alimentos y los modos de vida en las

poblaciones rurales, con afectaciones particularmente graves sobre las mujeres, los

pueblos indígenas y las comunidades en situación de pobreza en América Latina y el

Caribe.

• Agregar un ítem que diga:

En el contexto dei Decenio de la Agricultura Familiar Campesina declarado por las

Naciones Unidas (2019-2028), Instamos a los parlamentos y gobiernos de América

Latina a ratificar la importancia y transversalidad de la "Declaración de las Naciones

Unidas de los Derechos de los Campesinos y de otras personas que trabajan en las

Zonas Rurales", y, a impulsar iniciativas normativas que promuevan el ejercicio de

los derechos de las y los campesinos establecidos en la Declaración, con la finalidad

de fortalecer este sector que garantiza la provisión de alimentos sanos, seguros y

diversos a la mayor parte de familias en América Latina y el mundo.

• Finalmente, reiteramos nuestro inclaudicable compromiso de seguir empujando

un mundo sin hambre ni malnutrición desde los parlamentos, como piso mínimo

para aspirar ai desarrollo armónico de nuestros pueblos, con respeto a los derechos

humanos y procurando una vida digna para todas y todos, sin dejar a nadie atrás.

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Promoting enabling environments for Inclusive, Resilient, Efficient and Sustainable Agrifood Systems

©FA

O/

Max

Val

enci

a

CONCEPT NOTE

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BACKGROUND

The world is not on track to meet the goal to end world hunger and malnutrition in all its

forms by 2030. The COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine and climate change made this

endeavour significantly more challenging, increasing the number of people suffering from

hunger, intensifying inequalities and jeopardizing progress achieved in the past decades. At

the same time, farmers – and humanity as a whole – are facing new challenges posed by cli-

mate change, land degradation and water scarcity, biodiversity loss as well as other negative

environmental impacts: an unprecedented, complex and overlapping wave of crises.

In 2021, between 702 and 828 million people were affected by hunger1. It is estimated that

nearly 670 million people will suffer from hunger in 2030 – around 8 percent of the global

population, the same percentage as in 2015, when the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Develop-

ment was launched2 – a significant setback in progress towards SDG2, with serious implica-

tions for the achievement of all SDGs.

Malnutrition is also a major challenge. Rising consumer food prices mean the number

of people unable to afford a healthy diet grew by 112 million in only one year to almost 3.1 bil-

lion3. Child malnutrition is particularly concerning. An estimated 22 percent (149 million) of

children under 5 are affected by stunting, 6.7 percent (45 million) suffer from wasting and 5.7

percent (39 million) are overweight4. Adult obesity is increasing in all regions from 11.8 percent

in 2012 to 13.1 percent in 2016, the last year for which data is available.

Furthermore, at the global level, the gender gap in the prevalence of moderate or severe

food insecurity grew even larger in the year of the COVID-19 pandemic, disproportionately

affecting women’s economic opportunities and access to healthy food. Globally and in every

region of the world, food insecurity is more prevalent among women than men. Women and

girls are also more likely to suffer from various forms of malnutrition, including undernu-

trition, micronutrient deficiencies, overweight, obesity and anaemia – in 2019, nearly one in

three women aged 15 to 49 years (571 million) were affected by anaemia5.

Agriculture6 and food systems are deeply intertwined with economies, cultures, societies,

health, climate and the environment; hence, both agriculture and food systems affect prog-

ress towards the majority of SDGs and are uniquely placed to contribute to it.

1 FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. 2022. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022. Repurposing food and agricultural policies to make healthy diets more affordable. Rome, FAO.

2 FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. 2022. 3 FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. 2022. 4 FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. 2022. 5 FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. 2022. 6 In this document, agriculture refers to crop, livestock, fisheries (capture and aquaculture) and forestry..

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II Global Parliamentary Summit against Hunger and MalnutritionC O N C E P T N O T E

Increasing food production is no longer the main challenge to address hunger. The world

already produces more food than needed to feed all the global population, but around a third

of the food produced is either lost or wasted and most of the world’s poor people living in

rural areas – where most of the food is produced – are unable to fulfil their basic needs.

There is a strong need to increase access to food and raise incomes and economic oppor-

tunities for vulnerable populations, particularly in rural areas. More specifically, there is a need

to increase access to healthy, nutritious, sustainably produced and culturally acceptable food

and to more remunerative, fair and inclusive markets.

Family farming7 is the predominant farming model worldwide, as it accounts for 90 per-

cent of the 608 million farms in the world and it produces the majority of the world’s food

in value terms. In spite of that, almost 80 percent of the world’s poor and food insecure live

in rural areas. Most of them are small-scale family farmers, who face difficulties accessing

productive resources, opportunities and markets. The concentration in value chains and the

distribution of economic benefits in food systems are also areas to consider. Solutions to

strengthen and diversify market opportunities for family farmers can contribute to increasing

the diversity of food systems and improve the availability and affordability of food.

On the production side, the promotion of sustainable agrifood systems must address the

increasing degradation of natural resources, rising greenhouse gas emissions, loss of biodi-

versity, climate change and its repercussions on agriculture, with obvious impacts on food

security. This essential goal is becoming increasingly difficult to achieve including due to the

growing impact of climate change, an existential threat that requires immediate action to

achieve zero emissions in 2050 in full respect of the Paris Agreement.

Consumption patterns are evolving rapidly, with a continuously increasing number of

people looking for diets that are healthier, safer, more nature-positive, economically equita-

ble and socially just. This shift in consumer behaviour is constantly increasing the demand for

more healthy, sustainable and culturally appropriate food creating new market opportunities

for producers applying sustainable and diversified production practices. The emergence of

these new markets will foster the transition towards more sustainable production systems.

From another side, it will require attention from Nations to develop legislation, regulations,

programmes and policies to encourage and enable farmers to fulfil requirements, particularly

those without the means to pay for private certifications.

In light of this scenario, the United Nations 2030 Agenda calls on countries to redouble

their efforts to address the Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG2), which seeks to “end

hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture”

in order to build a world where “no one is left behind”.

7 Family farming is a means of organizing agricultural, forestry, fisheries, pastoral and aquaculture production that is managed and operated by a family, and is primarily reliant on the family labour of both women and men.

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PARLIAMENTARIANS’ PROCESS TOWARDS THE II GLOBAL SUMMIT

In this context, the essential role of parliamentarians in promoting food security and nutrition in their countries has been affirmed. With their powers to draft and adopt legisla-tion, approve public budgets and monitor the implementation of public policies and govern-ment commitments, legislators are well placed to ensure that food security and nutrition are prioritized on national political and legislative agendas, in line with the specific contexts and needs of their societies.

Recognizing the key role they can play, parliamentarians around the world have been working to position the fight against hunger and malnutrition at the top of political and leg-islative agendas at national, regional and international levels. Below, some initiatives carried out globally.

First Global Parliamentary Summit against Hunger and Malnutrition In October 2018, around 200 parliamentarians from around the world gathered for the first Global Parliamentary Summit against Hunger and Malnutrition8, held in Madrid, Spain. The Summit was organized by the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the Spanish Cortes Generales, and the Parliamentary Front against Hunger in Latin Ame-rica and the Caribbean and explored how parliamentarians can use their legislative and oversight powers to promote food security and improve nutrition. In the Summit’s final declaration, parliamentarians recognized their key role in ending hunger and malnutri-tion, as well as the need for laws and policies that protect the right to adequate food for all and to tackle gender inequalities.

Virtual Parliamentary Dialogues on ‘Food Security and Nutrition in the time of COVID-19’

As a follow-up to the first Global Parliamentary Summit against Hunger and Malnutri-tion, between March and September 2021, FAO and AECID held a series of Virtual Parlia-mentary Dialogues on Food Security and Nutrition in the time of COVID-19 focused on the challenges posed by this pandemic, with the participation of parliamentarians from 50 countries and nine parliamentary networks. The Virtual Parliamentary Dialogues highlighted the various actions that parliamentarians have taken to help reduce and mitigate the negative impacts of COVID-19 on food security and nutrition, including through emergency legislation and the oversight of government ac-tion. The Dialogues highlighted the important role of timely parliamentary action to combat hunger and malnutrition in the face of crises and the essential role parliamentarians play in raising public awareness and mobilizing multi-stakeholder partnerships9.

8 See: https://www.fao.org/about/meetings/global-parliamentary-summit/en/9 March 2021–Mesoamerica and South America; 19 March 2021–Francophone African Countries; 1 April 2021 Arabic

Countries; 15 April 2021 Anglophone African Countries; 31 May 2021 Latin America and the Caribbean; 6 September 2021Asia Pacific Countries; 22 September 2021 Global Dialogue. For a more in-depth overview of the Dialogues, see: https://www.fao.org/3/cc1338en/cc1338en.pdf.

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UN Food Systems Summit (UNFSS)The UN Food Systems Summit, convened by the United Nations Secretary-General, was held in September 2021 with the aim of launching bold actions to transform the way the world produces, consumes, and thinks about food, as a crucial step towards achieving prog-ress in all 17 SDGs. During the process leading to the UNFSS, parliamentarians were encour-aged to contribute to national and global dialogues to define strategies and pathways for transforming food systems, with the active participation of affected people and relevant stakeholders in planning and decision-making.

7th meeting of the Presidents of the Parliaments of G20 Members In line with the above, during the G20, FAO participated in the 7th meeting of the Presi-dents of the Parliaments of G20 Members focused on Food Security and Resilience in the face of COVID-19 (Rome, 8 October 2021) highlighting the role of parliamentarians as the “officials who can develop policies and legal instruments to address the pressing challenges we face together”.

Preparatory events towards the Second Global Parliamentary Summit against Hunger and Malnutrition

To contribute to build the Agenda for the Summit, during 2022, FAO, with the support of the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) organized a series of preparatory events to raise awareness among parliamentarians of key issues relating to food security and nutrition and stimulate dialogue on the role parliamentarians can play to contribute towards ending hunger and malnutrition. Building on the thematic sessions and the previous Virtual Parliamentary Dialogues, a Pre-Summit Meeting provided an opportunity for parliamentar-ians to reflect on the issues, insights and experiences shared and identify their expectations for the forthcoming Summit. During the thematic sessions, FAO launched an online survey to collect examples of parliamentary action to address hunger and malnutrition taken since the first Global Parliamentary Summit against Hunger and Malnutrition and identify priority issues that parliamentarians would like the forthcoming Summit to address.

In all those occasions, parliamentarians, aware of their role of custodians of political commitments, showed their determination to promote, nurture and strengthen the strong, shared political will and the action needed to rebuild better food systems, particularly in the aftermath of crises, and ensure all countries are back on a path to meeting the SDGs by 2030.

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JUSTIFICATION, OBJECTIVES AND EXPECTED OUTPUTS

Justification: The forthcoming Summit aims to take stock of the issues, ideas and actions dis-cussed during the previous parliamentary exchanges and dialogues and stimulate further parlia-mentary action to build on progress made since the 2018 Summit. In doing so, it seeks to contrib-ute the redoubling of efforts to end hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030.

The Second Global Parliamentary Summit against Hunger and Malnutrition, to be held in Chile in 2023, will provide a unique opportunity to share experiences on legislation enacted in parliaments throughout the world and their implementation, as well as to foster linkages among Parliamentarians and Parliaments to promote collaboration. The Summit will also pro-vide an opportunity to discuss the needs and priorities previously expressed and identified by parliamentarians in order to address the challenges associated to the fight against hunger and malnutrition, and to explore the possibility of formal voluntary commitments by networks of parliamentarians on the basis of a Global Parliamentary Pact, including periodic monitoring and follow-up on legislative outcomes and achievements made.

Specific Objectives: The Summit will:

A Reaffirm the urgency of ending hunger and malnutrition in all its forms as a prerequisitefor achieving Sustainable Development Goals, emphasizing the crucial role that parliamen-tarians can play in ensuring food security and nutrition, including through the adoption of gender-sensitive approaches.

BIdentify and share examples of good practices, particularly in relation to the developmentof innovative legislation, that have been effective in the fight against hunger and malnutrition or that look promising.

CIdentify key priority areas for further parliamentary action on food security and nutri-tion. Several priority areas emerged during the Virtual Parliamentary Dialogues and thematic sessions, as well as from the survey responses, which will provide the basis for deliberation and prioritisation at the Summit. These priority areas for action include:

• Protecting the right to adequate food for all;

• Promoting better nutrition;

• Protecting the most vulnerable sectors of society;

• Addressing gender inequalities and the gender gap in food security and nutrition;

• Making food systems more environmentally sustainable;

• Promoting responsible investments in agriculture;

• Supporting small-scale producers and family farmers;

• Building resilience to crises;

• Enhancing coordination, cooperation and collaboration; and

• Playing a stronger role with regard to budget approval and government oversight.

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DBuild consensus among parliamentarians on the need for action in these priority areas and stimulate broader political commitment (including through a Pact) and support for such action, as well as parliamentary efforts to develop strong, coherent, comprehen-sive and implementable legal and policy frameworks at the national and international levels to promote improved food security and nutrition.

Expected Outputs: The main outcomes expected from the Summit will include:

A Consolidate existing parliamentary networks and alliances for food security and nutritionand promote new parliamentary alliances to contribute to the achievement of SDG2, with particular attention to the most vulnerable people and territories, and a focus on gender (SDG5).

B Discuss and pool efforts for the implementation of a Global Parliamentary Pact that in-cludes a periodic monitoring system to keep track of parliamentarians’ contributions to SDGs 1, 2, 5, 10, 12, 13 and 17, by collecting data on relevant legislations/commitments, in-forming the international community, giving visibility to role played by parliamentarians, and consolidating the Global Parliamentary Summit as a periodic space for parliamentary dialogue on priority areas of work for food security and nutrition.

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TENTATIVE PROGRAMME AND STRUCTURE

The Summit, scheduled to be held on 15 and 16 June 2023, will have a high-level opening plenary session. In the morning session of the first day, organizers, regional parliamentary re-presentatives and other partners will have a chance to highlight the crucial role of parliaments in achieving Zero Hunger, eradicating malnutrition and contributing to the realization of the right to adequate food.

This will be followed by four sessions focusing on how parliamentarians are contributing to address key agrifood system challenges. In the afternoon of the second day the conclusions will be presented, discussed and a Summit declaration may be discussed and adopted.

Around 200 Parliamentarians from all over the world are expected to attend the Summit. The Summit will be a hybrid event combining the participation of around 150 parliamentarians in person with a virtual component (around 50 parliamentarians) and an online audience. The invited parliamentarians will cover all regions of the world, with special support foreseen for le-gislators from low- and middle-income countries. Invitations will be extended to parliaments all over the globe, as well as to parliamentary alliances and networks collaborating with FAO and parliamentarians who proactively engaged in the Virtual Parliamentary Dialogues and other preparatory activities. The Summit will have simultaneous interpretation in all official UN lan-guages (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Spanish and Russian).

PARTNERS

As was the case with the first Global Parliamentary Summit, FAO and AECID are partnering in the organisation of the Second Summit, pooling resources to ensure adequate technical and financial support.

The President of the Chilean Senate, the President of the Chamber of Deputies of Chile and the President of the Parliamentary Front against Hunger and Malnutrition of Chile proposed the Republic of Chile as host of the second Global Parliamentary Summit, ensuring logistical support, including provision of an adequate venue and all needed technical equipment. The Government of Chile also expressed its willingness to contribute financially and operationally in the organization of the Summit.

COLLABORATORS 

Furthermore, the Summit will be supported by the European Commission and the Parlia-mentary Front against Hunger in Latin America and the Caribbean (FPH-LAC), a network in-volving more than 25 parliaments of the region and formed in 2009, within the framework of the "Latin America and the Caribbean without Hunger" Initiative. The FPH-LAC has since de-veloped important legislative work, with the support of FAO, in partnership AECID and, more recently, the Mexican Agency for International Cooperation for Development (AMEXCID).

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DELIVERY AND OVERSIGHT

An interdepartmental Task Force, composed of representatives from across FAO, AECID, FPH-LAC and the Chilean government will constitute the International Organizing Commit-tee and the Technical-Logistics Committee.

The International Organizing Committee will provide the guidelines, strategic indications to lead the planning, and development processes of the event, ensuring monitoring and fo-llow-up of agreements reached and commitments made to manage the organization and ensure the success of the Summit. In particular, the International Organizing Committee will guide the development of the Summit concept note, agenda, invitations, possible side events, content of supporting documents, protocol activities, potential outcomes of the Summit and draft final declaration.

In parallel, the Technical Logistics Committee, under the guidance of the International Or-ganizing Committee, will be in charge of operational matters.

FAO will guarantee constant liaison with regional, sub-regional and national parliamentary networks to ensure proper representation, transparency, accountability and effective participa-tion during the event.

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PROGRAMME

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1 FAO, IFAD, WHO, WFP and UNICEF. (2022). State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022. Repurposing food and agricultural policies to make healthy diets more affordable. Rome, FAO. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc0639en).

2 FAO and WHO. 2020. Sustainable healthy diets - Guiding principles. Rome. (https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241516648), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; Bioversity International; Burlingame, B.; Dernini, S.(eds.) (2012) Sustainable diets and biodiversity. 309 p.; ill. ISBN: 978-92-5-107288-2

SESSION 1Ensuring the availability of and access to healthy food for all

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The number of hungry people in the world increased to 828 million people in 2021, an increase of about 46 million since 2020 and 150 million since the outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, according to a United Nations report. These figures show that the world is not on track to achieve its goal of ending hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030.

Despite global progress, trends in childhood malnutrition – including stunting and wasting, deficiencies in essential micronutrients, overweight and obesity – remain a major concern.

In 2021, the gender gap for food insecurity continued to widen, with 31.9 percent of the world's women found to be moderately or severely food-insecure, compared to 27.6 percent of men. This gap of more than 4 percentage points increased from 3 percentage points in 2020.

In order to meet the Sustainable Development Goals and guarantee the right to adequate food, sustainable diets must be physically and economically accessible to all without discrimination related to gender and other social variables such as age, ethnicity, religion, health and disability status.1,2

II Global Parliamentary Summit against Hunger and MalnutritionP R O G R A M M E

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3 FAO. 2022. United Nations report: global hunger figures rose to as many as 828 million people in 2021. (https://www.fao.org/newsroom/detail/un-report-global-hunger-SOFI-2022-FAO/en).

4 FAO, IFAD, WHO, WFP and UNICEF. (2022). The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022. Repurposing food and agricultural policies to make healthy diets more affordable. Rome, FAO. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc0639en).

5 WCRF/AICR. (2007) (World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute of Cancer Research). Food, nutrition, physical activity, and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective. AICR: Second Expert Report. Washington, DC. (https://www.paho.org/hq/dmdocuments/2011/nutrition-AICR-WCR-food-physical-activ.pdf).

6 Hawkesworth, S., Dangour, A.D., Johnston, D., Lock, K., Poole, N., Rushton, J., Uauy, R. and Waage, J. (2010). Feeding the world healthily: the challenge of measuring the effects of agriculture on health. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 365(1554): 3083-3097.

7 GBD. (2019) Global Burden of Disease Collaborator Network. Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), 2020. (https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results).

To overcome this situation, public policies are needed to address structural changes in the food environment. This means harmonizing fiscal measures, marketing and marketing regulations, mandatory front-of-pack labelling, incentives to encourage sustainable and healthy food production and short supply chains, together with food and nutrition education programmes. To address existing challenges in agrifood systems, we must strengthen coordination between public policies and broaden the range of interventions to help different types of food producers (mainly family farmers) and consumers. Special efforts are needed to close the gender gap and reduce all forms of inequality.

BACKGROUNDCOVID-19 has exacerbated the fragilities of agrifood systems and inequalities in societies, causing increases in hunger and severe and moderate food insecurity in the world.1 The war in Ukraine, involving two of the world's largest producers of staple grains, oilseeds and fertilizers, is also disrupting international supply chains and driving up the prices of grains, fertilizers and energy, as well as ready-to-use therapeutic foods for the treatment of severe malnutrition in children. This comes at a time when supply chains are already being disrupted by extreme weather changes, especially in low-income countries, with serious implications for global food security and nutrition.3

Despite food-related efforts, trends in child malnutrition – including stunting, essential micronutrient deficiencies, maternal anaemia, overweight and obesity – have worsened4. A radical transformation of agrifood systems is therefore required, taking actions that guarantee access to healthy and sustainable diets for all men and women. This must be done in order to reduce levels of malnutrition and guarantee the human right to adequate food, particularly when we consider that almost 3.1 billion people globally do not earn enough to afford a healthy diet.4

Ensuring people's access to safe and healthy food is essential to prevent malnutrition in all its forms (undernutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, overweight and obesity), as this multiple burden of malnutrition leads to health problems such as underweight (low weight for age), stunting, chronic non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction and stroke), cancer, chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma), and diabetes, among others.5,6,7.

Governments therefore need to incentivize the production, supply and consumption of nutritious and culturally suitable foods. They must also contribute to making healthy diets less costly as well as more affordable and equitable for all. More could be done to reduce barriers to trade in nutritious foods such as fruit, vegetables and pulses.

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8 HLPE. (2017). Nutrition and food systems. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security, Rome. (https://www.fao.org/3/I7846E/i7846e.pdf).

9 HLPE. (2017). Nutrition and food systems. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security, Rome. (https://www.fao.org/3/I7846E/i7846e.pdf).

10 FAO, IFAD, WHO, WFP and UNICEF. (2022). The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022. Repurposing food and agricultural policies to make healthy diets more affordable. Rome, FAO. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc0639en).

11 Hawkes, C. Brazil, B.G., de Castro, I.R.R. and Jaime, P.C. (2016). How to engage across sectors: lessons from agriculture and nutrition in the Brazilian School Feeding Program. Revista de Saúde Pública 50. (https://www.scielo.br/j/rsp/a/7qRs7bdtkSNhYbMgSgbrSTv/?lang=en).

Access to and consumption of healthy diets can be achieved through policies, legislation and programmes that encourage people to eat nutritious foods such as pulses, fish, fruit and vegetables and others that discourage people from eating unhealthy foods, for example through fiscal measures (taxes and subsidies), front-of-pack labelling and regulation of food marketing and advertising.8 Intervening in the food supply chain can improve the availability, affordability and acceptability of nutritious, safe and wholesome products by optimizing production, storage, distribution, processing, packaging and retailing systems.9 We also need to include women and support their empowerment along agrifood chains.

In order to encourage healthy eating, it is important to provide food and nutrition education to people and especially children, adolescents and young people. We also need to develop regulations that ensure consumers receive clear and truthful information, for example, through front-of-pack nutrition labelling of foods. Finally, state feeding programmes and social protection programmes can play a crucial role in feeding the vulnerable.9,10

LEGISLATION, POLICIES AND ACTIONSThe right to adequate food means the right to have permanent access to the resources needed to produce, earn or be able to buy enough food, in order to prevent hunger and to ensure health and well-being. The Voluntary Guidelines to Support the Progressive Realization of the Right to Adequate Food in the Context of National Food Security, the Decade of Action on Nutrition, and the UN Decade of Family Farming are important instruments to help governments in achieving their commitments and urge governments to take action to ensure access and availability of a healthy diet for all. Parliamentary initiatives throughout the world have been crucial for generating policy, legislation and action.

Public policies on food and nutrition affect consumers’ decisions, the various food producer categories and the work of the food industry. They therefore have an impact on the availability and affordability of food at all stages of the value chain, from primary production to final consumption. Past experience proves that interventions in agrifood systems produce positive and lasting improvements when they include explicit measures in favour of gender equality and women's empowerment. This means adopting transformative measures at community and national levels to address discriminatory gender norms and attitudes in order to improve incomes and build the resilience of agrifood systems.

The following are some of the evidence-based policies and actions that parliaments can put in place to ensure inclusion, promote equal access and encourage the consumption of healthy diets for all.9,11 The success of the policy mix will depend on the country context, the main drivers of food insecurity and malnutrition in each setting (social conflict, climatic events, economic fluctuations, gender gaps, etc.), structural characteristics (income situation, degree of inequality, natural resource endowment, net trade position, etc.), and local economic, political and social considerations.

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Legislation to promote affordability

Promoting healthier and more sustainable diets through public procurementPublic procurement has taken on an important role in the development agenda, due to its potential impact on local agriculture through the generation of markets and distribution networks and on people's nutrition, education and health.12,13 As well as optimizing existing public budgets to achieve results that bring together different public policy areas, public food procurement is a way for agriculture (especially family farming with an agroecological approach) to improve nutrition.13 Some school feeding programmes provide a clear example of the success of these regulations, especially when they involve short marketing chains.14,15

.Encouraging healthier diets through fiscal policies

The global action plan for the prevention and control of NCDs 2013–2020 proposed that countries should consider using economic tools, which may include taxes and subsidies, to improve access to healthy dietary choices that create incentives for behaviours associated with improved health outcomes and discourage less healthy choices, as appropriate within the national context.16 Findings suggest that fruit and vegetable subsidies to low-income populations were associated with increased sales, while food taxes are associated with higher prices and reduced sales.17

Social protection policiesTransfers under social protection programmes intended and designed to improve food affordability include in-kind food transfers, vouchers, and cash transfers. They are implemented alone or by means of mixed schemes. Some transfers aimed at improving the nutritional intake of consumers could increase the consumption of certain nutritious foods. Free food and micronutrient supplementation targeting vulnerable groups (low-income or nutritionally and gender vulnerable) can also improve the nutrition status of those who receive these benefits.18 Social protection programmes can also serve to raise women's well-being and employment rates, support adaptation to climate change and strengthen the resilience of rural livelihood systems.

12 Hawkes, C. Brazil, B.G., de Castro, I.R.R. and Jaime, P.C. (2016). How to engage across sectors: lessons from agriculture and nutrition in the Brazilian School Feeding Program. Revista de Saúde Pública 50. (https://www.scielo.br/j/rsp/a/7qRs7bdtkSNhYbMgSgbrSTv/?lang=en).

13 HLPE. (2017). Nutrition and food systems. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security, Rome. (https://www.fao.org/3/I7846E/i7846e.pdf).

14 Martínez Salvador, Laura, Hernández, Loarry Gabriel, and Alvarado Ramírez, David. (2021). Short Marketing Chains and Food Security: the case of El mercado el 100. Problemas del desarrollo, 52(206), 197-220. Epub 06 December 2021. (https://probdes.iiec.unam.mx/index.php/pde/article/view/69732/62260).

15 Agdonis, Jessica M.; Hinrichs, C. Clare. and Schafft, Kai A. (2009). The emergence and framing of farm-to-school initiatives: Civic engagement, health and local agriculture. Agriculture and Human Values, 26 (1–2): 107–119. (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10460-008-9173-6).

16 Thow, A.M. and Downs, S. (2014). Fiscal policy options with potential for improving diets for the prevention of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Background paper for technical meeting on fiscal policies for improving diets. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/obesity/fiscal-policies-for-diet-and-the-prevention-of-noncommunicable-diseases-0.pdf?sfvrsn=84ee20c_2#:~:text=The%20main%20fiscal%20policy%20interventions,and%2For%20other%20healthy%20foods).

17 Andreyeva T, Marple K, Moore TE, L. P. (2022) Evaluation of Economic and Health Outcomes Associated With Food Taxes and Subsidies. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Network Open. (doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.14371).

18 FAO, IFAD, WHO, WFP and UNICEF. (2022). The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022. Repurposing food and agricultural policies to make healthy diets more affordable. Rome, FAO. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc0639en).

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Legislation to restrict the marketing (advertising and promotion) of highly processed, energy-dense foods of minimal nutritional value

Regulate marketing (advertising and promotion) and merchandising regulationsMarketing (promotion and advertising) influences consumer preferences and increases demand for certain food products.19 Evidence indicates that advertising and marketing have an impact on people’s eating preferences and habits. The World Health Organization therefore recommended that countries should ensure healthier food environments by restricting the advertising and marketing (at least to children, youth and adolescents) of energy-dense products and nutrient-poor foods and beverages, particularly products high in saturated fats, sugars or salt.20,21,22,23.

Front-of-pack nutrition labelling on highly processed, energy-dense foods of minimal nutritional value

Many countries are concerned about nutrition labelling, since such labels provide consumers with information on the nutritional content of foods. Front-of-package nutrition labelling on pre-packaged foods and beverages can provide quick and easy-to-understand information for consumers at the time of purchase, allowing them to distinguish between healthy and unhealthy food and beverage options.24,25.Traditional nutrition labelling based on a list of nutrients per 100 g or per standard portion, and voluntary industry labels that refer, for example, to guideline daily amounts (GDAs) for adults, have proven to be inefficient and complex and some even mislead consumers. Over the last decade, new mandatory labelling options have therefore emerged. These take the form of front-of-pack messages and warnings about the nutritional content of some nutrients that are harmful to health, using seals or logos that are easy for people to understand.26,27,28.

19 HLPE. (2017). Nutrition and food systems. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security, Rome. (https://www.fao.org/3/I7846E/i7846e.pdf).

20 Mediano Stoltze, F., Reyes, M., Smith, T. L., Correa, T., Corvalán, C., and Carpentier, F. R. D. (2019). Prevalence of Child-Directed Marketing on Breakfast Cereal Packages before and after Chile’s Food Marketing Law: A Pre-and Post-Quantitative Content Analysis. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(22), 4501.

21 WHO. (2009). World Health Organization. Set of recommendations on the marketing of foods and non-alcoholic beverages to children. In: Prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases: implementation of the global strategy. Geneva: World Health Organization; November 2009. (https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241500210).

22 Santaliestra-Pasías, A.M., Rey-López, J.P. and Moreno Aznar, L.A. (2013). Obesity and sedentarism in children and adolescents: what should be done? Nutrición Hospitalaria, 5, 99-104

23 Harris, J.L. and Bargh, J.A. (2009). Television viewing and unhealthy diet: implications for children and media interventions. Health Communication, 24(7), 660-673

24 WHO. (2021) Implementing fiscal and pricing policies to promote healthy diets: a review of contextual factors. (https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240035027).

25 World Cancer Research Fund International (2019). Building momentum: lessons on implementing a robust front-of-pack food label. ( https://www.wcrf.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/PPA-Building-Momentum-2-WEB.pdf).

26 CLAS-COLANSA. Etiquetado Nutricional Frontal de Alimentos. (http://colansa.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Policy-Brief.-Etiquetado-Frontal-Documento-de-referencia-para-decisores-1.pdf).

27 Orzuna, I. and R. López. 2023. Rendimiento de la Nutri-Score y de las etiquetas de advertencia en la identificación del producto más saludable. Behanomics (1). (https://doi.org/10.55223/bej.1).

28 Becker, M. W., Bello, N. M., Sundar, R. P., Peltier, C., and Bix, L. (2015). Front of pack labels enhance attention to nutrition information in novel and commercial brands. Food Policy, 56. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2015.08.001).

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Actions to promote the consumption of a sustainable diet

Improving food and nutrition educationThe structural and environmental changes described above must go hand in hand with nutrition education campaigns, awareness raising for behavioural change, knowledge transfer and consumer empowerment.29,30. Nations can influence consumer perceptions of the nutritional value and sustainability of food through media campaigns, information on food packaging, nutrition education in educational centres and the adoption of national guidelines on food, nutrition and nutrition education. One way of doing this is through widely-circulated food guides.31 Nutritional education alone is not enough, especially in food-insecure countries, and must be combined with strategies to improve access to nutritious food.32

Food-based dietary guidelinesFood-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) are national tools whose purpose is to educate the population and guide national food and nutrition policies as well as the food industry, through easy-to-understand messages and illustrations. FBDGs are intended to inform national policymaking and provide the general public with advice on foods, food groups and dietary models that provide key nutrients with the aim of promoting overall health and preventing chronic diseases.33

It is also important to consider food culture when drafting FBDGs, as this knowledge can increase their effectiveness. Food culture comprises food uses, traditions, customs and symbolic processes, which are also influenced by the food production cycle in a particular context.34

29 HLPE. (2017). Nutrition and food systems. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security, Rome. (https://www.fao.org/3/I7846E/i7846e.pdf).

30 Muehlhoff, E., Wijesinha-Bettoni, R., Westaway, E., Jeremias, T., Nordin, S., and Garz, J. (2017). Linking agriculture and nutrition education to improve infant and young child feeding: Lessons for future programmes. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 13, e12411

31 McGill, R., Anwar, E., Orton, L., Bromley, H., Lloyd-Williams, F., O’Flaherty, M., Taylor-Robinson, D., Guzman-Castillo, M., Gillespie, D., Moreira, P. and Allen, K. (2015). Are interventions to promote healthy eating equally effective for all? Systematic review of socioeconomic inequalities in impact. BMC Public Health. 15(1): 457.

32 Lassi, Z. S., Das, J. K., Zahid, G., Imdad, A., and Bhutta, Z. A. (2013). Impact of education and provision of complementary feeding on growth and morbidity in children less than 2 years of age in developing countries: A systematic review. BMC Public Health, 13(Suppl. 3), S13.

33 FAO. (2014). The State of Food-based Dietary Guidelines in Latin America and the Caribbean 21 years after the International Conference on Nutrition. Rome. 125 pp. (http://www. fao.org/3/i3677s/i3677s.pdf).

34 Calderón, M. E., O. R. Taboada, A. Argumedo, E. Ortiz, P. A. López and C. Jacinto. 2017. Cultura alimentaria: clave para el diseño de estrategias de mejoramiento nutricional de poblaciones rurales. Agricultura, Sociedad y Desarrollo 14 (2).

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SESSION 2Bridging the gender gap in food security and nutrition

35 FAO. (2023). The status of women in agrifood systems. Rome. (https://doi.org/10.4060/cc5343en).36 FAO. (2021). Consultation for the development of the CFS Voluntary Guidelines on Gender Equality and Women’s and Girls’ Empowerment

in the context of Food Security and Nutrition. Global Forum on Food Security and Nutrition. Report of the online consultation No. 175 from 16.09.2021 to 30.11.2021. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb9466en).

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Aside from being an important source of employment for women around the world, agrifood systems are a greater source of livelihoods for women than for men in many countries. However, in all regions of the world, women have less access to food than men35 despite playing a key role in its production. At the same time women suffer more from malnutrition in all its forms – undernourishment, hunger, obesity, overweight and micronutrient deficiencies.36

Women tend to work in roles that are considered secondary and have worse workingconditions (irregular, informal, part-time, low-skilled, labour-intensive and therefore precarious) compared to men. They have a greater burden as unpaid caregivers, which limits their education and employment opportunities. The wages and productivity of women working in primary agricultural production are systematically lower than those of men. When they are involved in the non-farm segments of agrifood systems, they work in lower positions. Women's participation in export-oriented high value-added chains, and in entrepreneurship in agrifood systems, tends to be limited by discriminatory social standards and barriers to accessing knowledge, assets, resources and social networks.35

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FAO estimates that closing the gender gap in agricultural productivity and the wage gap in agrifood employment would increase global gross domestic product by 1 percent (or almost USD 1 trillion). This would reduce global food insecurity by about 2 percentage points, reducing the number of food-insecure people by 45 million.Addressing gender gaps in agrifood systems helps to improve the well-being of women and their households, reduce hunger, boost income generation and strengthen the resilience of communities and the system as a whole.

BACKGROUND

Women's work in agrifood systems

In 2019, 36 percent of working women and 38 percent of working men worked in agrifood systems.35 In many countries, however, agrifood systems are a greater source of livelihoods for women than for men. In South Asia, 71 percent of women work in agrifood systems compared to 47 percent of men.35

However, women working in agricultural production tend to do so under very unfavourable conditions. They often work without pay on family farms or as casual labourers in agriculture. In land productivity on farms of the same size managed by men and women there is a gender gap of 24 percent and women earn on average 18.4 percent less than men in waged employment in agriculture.37

Women's access to assets, services and resourcesWomen's access to assets, productive resources and services critical to agrifood systems – such as land, inputs, agricultural extension services, finance, information, education andtechnology – remains lower than that of men. However, the gender gap in mobile Internetaccess in low- and middle-income countries narrowed from 25 percent to 16 percentbetween 2017 and 2021, and the gap narrowed from 9 to 6 percentage points in terms ofaccess to bank accounts. The percentage of men with ownership or secure tenure rightsto agricultural land is twice that of women in more than 40 percent of the countries thathave reported data on the proportion of women landowners.37

Capacity for action, standards and policiesDiscriminatory social standards in agrifood systems create power imbalances between men and women and limit the choices available to women, who are generally more involved in unpaid care and domestic work. These standards often restrict women's mobility and limit their opportunities for engaging in non-domestic work and market activities and their access to assets and income.It is estimated that if half of small-scale producers benefited from development interventions focused on empowering women, this would significantly increase the incomes of 58 million people and increase the resilience of 235 million additional people.37

37 FAO. (2023). The status of women in agrifood systems. Rome. (https://doi.org/10.4060/cc5343en).

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Resilience and adaptation to shocksCoping mechanisms and resilience to climate change, disasters and conflict are negatively affected by gender inequalities. The multiple and often overlapping causes of fragility and different forms of discrimination affecting women and girls have significant implications for women's livelihoods and opportunities within agrifood systems. Globally, 22 percent of women lost their jobs in the agrifood system in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, compared to only 2 percent of men. Also the gap between men and women living in food insecurity widened from 1.7 percentage points in 2019 to 4.3 percentage points in 2021.37

LEGISLATION, POLICIES AND ACTIONSFAO recognizes that there are three key ways that parliamentarians can transform agrifood systems and achieve gender equality.

1 First, the collection and use of high-quality data, disaggregated by sex, age and other forms of social and economic differentiation, and the application of rigorous qualitative and quantitative gender research are essential to effectively monitor and evaluate gender equality in agrifood systems and accelerate the rate of progress in achieving it.

2 Second, localized interventions that address multiple inequalities and that have been shown to reduce gender gaps and empower women in agrifood systems need to be carefully scaled up, taking into account the local context. Scaling up can occur through policy channels, through higher levels of investment, or through uptake by public and private sector stakeholders. We can only achieve major gains for women's well-being, as well as for economic growth and food security, by scaling up.

3 Last, interventions must be designed to end gender inequality and empower women and, where possible, should use transformative approaches at community and national level to address discriminatory gender norms and attitudes.

To achieve these goals, we must increase women’s empowerment. This is essential to their well-being and positively influences agricultural production, food security, diet and child nutrition through the following actions38.

Transformative gender approaches aimed at changing restrictive social standards are cost-effective and offer high returns if implemented on a large scale.

Improving women's rights to land ownership or secure tenure of agricultural land positively influences women's empowerment, investment, natural resource management, access to services and institutions, resilience and food security. It also reduces gender-based violence and increases women's bargaining power.

Access to formal childcare services has a major positive impact on the employment of mothers and on the performance of activities related to agrifood systems.

Improving women's access to agricultural extension services – education, training, access to financial resources, technology and assets – is important for increasing food security and facilitating women's participation in the agrifood system as a whole.

37 FAO. (2023). The status of women in agrifood systems. Rome. (https://doi.org/10.4060/cc5343en). 38 FAO. (2023). The status of women in agrifood systems. Rome. (https://doi.org/10.4060/cc5343en).

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39 Frente Parlamentario contra el Hambre. 2022. Pacto parlamentario iberoamericano y caribeño por el hambre cero con igualdad de género. Disponible en: http://parlamentarioscontraelhambre.org/?s=genero)

Social protection programmes have increased women’s employment rate and resilience. They have also facilitated climate adaptation, improved well-being in high climate risk settings and helped the most affected and vulnerable people recover from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and extreme weather events.

Increased efforts to collect data (disaggregated by sex and other social variables) with the aim of measuring empowerment in its multiple dimensions have been instrumental in improving the design and effectiveness of gender equality and empowerment programmes and policies and in strengthening agrifood systems.

Outstanding actions in the area of gender associated with food and nutritional security include the initiatives carried out by the Parliamentary Front against Hunger in Latin America and the Caribbean, such as the Latin America and the Caribbean Parliamentary Pact for Zero Hunger with Gender Equality, among others.39

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SESSION 3 Transforming agrifood systems to make them more inclusive, sustainable, equitable and resilient to climate change

40 United Nations. (2015). un.org. Accessed at Sustainable Development Goals. 17 goals to transform our world. (https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/).

41 HLPE. (2014). Food losses and waste in the context of sustainable food systems. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security. Rome, Italy. (https://www.fao.org/3/i3901e/i3901e.pdf).

42 HLPE. (2019). Agroecological and other innovative approaches for sustainable agriculture and food systems that enhance food security and nutrition. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security. Rome. (https://www.fao.org/3/ca5602en/ca5602en.pdf).

43 FAO, IFAD, WHO, WFP, and UNICEF. (2022). The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022. Repurposing food and agricultural policies to make healthy diets more affordable. Rome: FAO. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc0639en).

44 Padilla, R. (2017). Rural industrial policy and strengthening value chains ECLAC Books, No. 145. (R. P. Pérez, Ed.) Santiago, Chile: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC).

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

To achieve the Sustainable Development Goals40, especially SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), we need to support the transformation of current agrifood systems into more sustainable and resilient ones, so that the economic, social and environmental foundations that ensure food security and nutrition for future generations are not put at risk.41

Biodiversity loss caused by current agrifood systems and their negative impacts on soil health, deforestation, water and greenhouse gas emissions, make these systems less sustainable41,42,43, and increasingly vulnerable to the effects of climate change.44

Addressing this challenge requires the combined efforts of different stakeholders at different scales. Legislation, policies and public instruments play a key role in this context.42

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BACKGROUNDAn agrifood system includes all elements and activities related to the production, processing, distribution, preparation and consumption of food, as well as the outcomes of those activities, including environmental and socioeconomic externalities.41 Sustainable use ensures food security and nutrition for all, without jeopardizing the economic, social and environmental foundations that ensure food security and nutrition for future generations.40

Better efficiency in the management of natural resources used in agriculture is paramount to mitigate emissions. Provided sustainable practices are used, farming and forestry have great potential to act as carbon sinks, in biomass and soils, as they sequester carbon and thus help to mitigate rising atmospheric CO2 levels.

45,46,47. Mitigation of gas emissions is crucial to limiting climate change and is a necessary strategy to meet the 2°C goal set out in the Paris Agreement.48

Against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine, structural weaknesses in food systems have been exacerbated. This has also had an impact on the gender gap.

LEGISLATION, POLICIES AND ACTIONSAt production level, agroecology, technical interventions, technological innovation, investments and public policy incentives contribute to the transition towards sustainable and resilient agrifood systems. This must be achieved on the basis of context-specific pathways, including different stakeholders at different scales.49

FAO's Strategic Framework 2022-2031 seeks to support the 2030 Agenda by transforming agrifood systems to make them more efficient, inclusive, resilient and sustainable for better production, better nutrition, a better environment and a better life, leaving no one behind.50

In order to make agrifood system models more sustainable, resilient, nutritious and productive, it is crucial to actively acknowledge their participants as rights-holders. Policies and programmes should therefore take into account the situation of people in marginalized positions to ensure that “no one is left behind”, as set out in the 2030 Agenda. The principles of equality, self-determination, non-discrimination and inclusion guide action from a rights-based approach, since gender equality, respect for the rights of Indigenous and Tribal People and People of African Descent, and the fight against all forms of discrimination are part of

45 FAO. 2002. Soil carbon sequestration. World Soil Resources Reports 96. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. (https://www.fao.org/3/bl001e/bl001e.pdf).

46 FAO. (2016). The State of Food and Agriculture: Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (https://www.fao.org/3/i6030e/i6030e.pdf).

47 FAO. 2017. Soil Organic Carbon: the hidden potential. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. (https://www.fao.org/3/i6937e/i6937e.pdf).

48 Mbow, C., C. Rosenzweig, L.G. Barioni, T.G. Benton, M. Herrero, M. Krishnapillai, E. Liwenga, P. Pradhan, M.G. Rivera-Ferre, T. Sapkota, F.N. Tubiello, Y. Xu. (2019). Food Security. In: Climate Change and Land: an IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. P.R. Shukla, J. Skea, E. Calvo Buendia et al. (eds.). (https://www.ipcc.ch/srccl/).

49 HLPE. (2019). Agroecological and other innovative approaches for sustainable agriculture and food systems that enhance food security and nutrition. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security. Rome. (https://www.fao.org/3/ca5602en/ca5602en.pdf).

50 FAO. 2022. FAO Strategic Framework 2022-2031. (https://www.fao.org/3/cb7099en/cb7099en.pdf).

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individual rights and collective rights.51 We need to recognize the tensions between these spheres in order to go beyond a fragmented view of the exercise of rights and understand the web of realities in which individuals participate. Legislation, policies and actions that adopt an intersectoral approach promote the inclusion of historically excluded groups and sectors by taking into account dimensions that allow for a deeper understanding of the complex and multidimensional reality of social inequalities and discrimination and by ensuring more sustainable, resilient, nutritious and productive agrifood systems.52

Reducing deforestationSeveral plans have been drafted to reduce deforestation. These include the Interministerial Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Deforestation in the Amazon, introduced in Brazil. This has led to a greater ability to respond to deforestation alerts and involved coordinated efforts by ministries, the federal police, the army and the public prosecutor's office.53,54. This plan, in conjunction with private sector programmes, succeeded in decreasing the Amazon’s deforestation rate from 2.78 Mha/year to 0.75 Mha/year between 2004 and 200955 (Mbow et al., 2019). Other countries introduced similar schemes.56

Soil remediationOne way to slow agricultural expansion is to increase yields through sustainable intensification. The Incentive System for the Agroenvironmental Sustainability of Agricultural Soils in Chile is a good example of this. This aims to recover the productive potential of degraded agricultural soils and maintain the levels of improvement achieved. The subsidized management plans under this system include technical advice, labour and inputs. The results have been marginally encouraging.57

Responsible investment in agricultureResponsible investment in agriculture is essential for improving food security and nutrition. It also benefits sustainable livelihood management, the environment and communities.58 It is based on 10 principles to support sustainable economic development, boost the participation of youth, respect tenure, and access to productive resources, among others.Policies related to these principles include the Law for the Promotion of Private Investment in Irrigation and Drainage Works59 in Chile. This has allowed expansion of the area through hi-tech irrigation schemes. Small-scale producers have been able to harness this

51 UNDP. 2015. Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. 24 p. (https://sdgs.un.org/2030agenda). 52 FAO. 2022. Practical guide for the Incorporation of the Intersectionality approach in sustainable rural development programmes and projects.

Santiago de Chile. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/CC2823EN).53 Negra, C. et al. (2014). Brazil, Ethiopia, and New Zealand lead the way on climate-smart agriculture. BioMed Central: 10-15.

(https://agricultureandfoodsecurity.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40066-014-0019-8).54 Finer, M., S. Novoa, M. J. Weisse, R. Petersen, J. Mascaro, T. Souto, F. Stearns, and R. G. Martínez. (2018). Combating deforestation: From

satellite to intervention. Science: 360, 1303-1305. (https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aat1203).55 Mbow, C., C. Rosenzweig, L.G. Barioni, T.G. Benton, M. Herrero, M. Krishnapillai, E. Liwenga, P. Pradhan, M.G. Rivera-Ferre, T. Sapkota, F.N.

Tubiello, Y. Xu. (2019). Food Security. In: Climate Change and Land: an IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. P.R. Shukla, J. Skea, E. Calvo Buendia et al. (eds.). (https://www.ipcc.ch/srccl/).

56 Finer, M., S. Novoa, M. J. Weisse, R. Petersen, J. Mascaro, T. Souto, F. Stearns, and R. G. Martínez. (2018). Combating deforestation: From satellite to intervention. Science: 360, 1303-1305. (https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aat1203).

57 University of Chile. (2022). Evaluación de impacto del programa sistema de incentivos para la sustentabilidad agroambiental de los suelos agropecuarios. Santiago, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Chile. 367 p.

58 Committee on World Food Security. (2014). Principles for responsible investment in agriculture and food systems. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 32 p. (https://www.fao.org/3/au866e/au866e.pdf).

59 Law 18.450. (1985 October 22). Fomento a la inversión privada en obras de riego y drenaje. Official Journal of the Republic of Chile.

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technology to improve the efficiency of water use, increase their cultivated area and so on. Numerous laws on sustainability have been introduced in Korea, such as the Erosion Control Law, the Fertilizer Control Law and the Law on the Promotion of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture and Fisheries, among others.60

To promote responsible investment in agriculture and food systems, FAO works through a needs-driven framework programme to cooperate with governments, smallholders, civil society, academia and the private sector. The Programme's main activities include awareness raising, capacity building and support for the implementation of international guidance tools such as the Principles for Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems (CFS-RAI Principles).In order to promote responsible investments for inclusive food systems, FAO supports the generation of evidence for policymakers on gender gaps in agriculture that are holding back progress towards hunger eradication and need to be urgently addressed. For example, the findings and recommendations of an African Union/FAO study that analyzed regional perspectives on gender and agrifood systems were drawn from an extensive review of existing statistics, gender audits of 38 national agricultural investment plans and national gender analyses conducted in 40 countries.61

Legislative frameworks and public policies for family farmingFamily farmers are central to making agrifood systems more inclusive, sustainable, resilient and efficient. Family farming employs 30 percent of the world's population and produces more than 80 percent of the world's food in value terms (FAO, 2014a). It contributes to the conservation of biodiversity, land and cultural heritage. Even though family farmers are essential for transforming agrifood systems in a sustainable manner, such farmers (particularly young people and women) are still among those most affected by poverty and vulnerability (FAO, 2020b). We must therefore seek to consistently strengthen public policies and legislative and institutional frameworks in all policy areas relevant to family farming. Relevant policy areas include basic public infrastructure, access to land, technologies, productive resources, public services and financing. The way family farming is defined in law can act as a benchmark for legislative and policy measures to foster an enabling policy environment for strengthening family farming (FAO and IFAD, 2019b).In Bangladesh, public policies for early investment in rural roads, electricity supply and fish fry farming laid the foundation for the development of the fish farming industry, generating a high-impact value chain for thousands of families and contributing to food security.59

60 Udaeta, K., and Rodríguez, A. (2021). Soluciones basadas en la naturaleza para la sostenibilidad de la agricultura en la República de Corea: marcos de política habilitantes y casos de estudio de interés para América Latina y el Caribe. Santiago de Chile: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC).

61 FAO. 2018. Leaving no one behind: empowering Africa’s rural women for zero hunger and shared prosperity. 28 p. (https://www.fao.org/policy-support/tools-and-publications/resources-details/en/c/1156159/).

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Addressing market shocks, strengthening value chains and building resilienceStrengthening value chains is one way to drive structural changes, improving the distribution of value added capture along the chains and incorporating new producers and service providers. This is achieved through economic scaling up of links in the chain and better cooperation between them, as well as between the stakeholders involved, ensuring women’s integration and empowerment along the entire value chain. Two recurrent constraints to value chains in rural areas are the absence of good agricultural and manufacturing practices, and gender gaps. Programmes to promote these practices, support and promotion to obtain certifications, quality systems, geographical designations and technical and production advice are useful for strengthening these chains.62

Risk management also plays an important role in strengthening the resilience of producers, which underpins food systems. Agricultural insurance offered in developed and developing countries around the world has contributed to the resilience of producers63. Chile, for example, offers government incentives for taking out such policies. This promotes risk transfer and working capital insurance against adverse losses, which are more common and harder-hitting due to climate change64. Similarly, in Kenya the state subsidizes 50 percent of the insurance for producers whose land measures between 0.2 and 8 ha.65

62 Padilla, R. (2017). Rural industrial policy and strengthening value chains. ECLAC Books, No. 145. (R. P. Pérez, Ed.) Santiago, Chile: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC).

63 Wenner, M. D. (2005). Agricultural Insurance Revisited: New Developments and Perspectives in Latin America and the Caribbean Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank. (https://publications.iadb.org/en/agricultural-insurance-revisited-new-developments-and-perspectives-latin-america-and-caribbean).

64 ASAGRIN. (2022). Asesoría para la evaluación de satisfacción de usuarios y usuarias del seguro agrícola. Santiago de Chile. 79 p.65 KNA. 2020. Farmers receive over Sh117 million from the agriculture insurance cover. Kenya News Agency. ( https://www.kenyanews.go.ke/

farmers-receive-over-sh117-million-from-the-agriculture-insurance-cover/#:~:text=Under%20this%20programme%2C%20the%20Government%20of%20Kenya%2C%20through,pay%2050%20percent%20of%20the%20remaining%20premium%20costs).

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SESSION 4 Strengthening coordination, cooperation and partnership at national, regional and international level, to ensure the right to adequate food for all

66 United Nations. (2015). Sustainable development goals. 17 goals to transform our world: (https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/).67 FAO, IFAD, WHO, WFP and UNICEF. (2022). The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022. Repurposing food and agricultural

policies to make healthy diets more affordable. Rome, FAO. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc0639en).68 FAO. (2013). Framework Law “Right to Food, Food Security and Sovereignty” Eighteenth Ordinary Meeting of the Latin American Parliament

(page 44). Panama: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.69 FAO. (2019). FAO's work on the Right to Food. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

(https://www.fao.org/right-to-food/resources/resources-detail/en/c/1238127/).70 Zúñiga, V., and Rocha, P. (2021). La alimentación como un derecho humano: Estudio interdisciplinario U. de Chile plantea necesidad de

consagrar el derecho a la alimentación en la nueva Constitución. Universidad de Chile News. (https://www.uchile.cl/noticias/175191/estudio-plantea-necesidad-de-consagrar-el-derecho-a-la-alimentacion).

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Achieving the global nutrition and health targets before 2030 in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals66, in a globalized world where climate change is increasing and affecting the production and marketing of healthy food, will require consensus and cooperation between countries and between institutions to counteract the severe impact on the agrifood sector caused by natural disasters, pandemics and conflicts. Only in this way can we make progress in realizing the human right to adequate food and nutrition for the health of all.67 These efforts are translated into coordination and cooperation agreements and public redistribution policies in the economic, health, agricultural, fisheries and social protection fields, which allow progress towards healthier, more sustainable, equitable and resilient agrifood systems.68,69,70.

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The right to adequate food is exercised when every man, woman and child, alone or in community with others, has physical and economic access at all times to adequate food or means for its procurement.71 This authoritative legal interpretation of Article 11 identifies several key characteristics of the right to food, namely: availability, adequacy, accessibility and sustainability, and how they relate to all areas of agrifood systems, including healthy diets and nutritious food, food safety, food production, consumer protection and sociocultural acceptability.

Primarily interpreted as the right to feed oneself in dignity, the right to adequate food is an international human right that has long been recognized and to which numerous countries have committed. In recent decades, several countries have developed and implemented constitutional reforms, national laws, strategies, policies and programmes that aim to realize the right to food for all and encompass quantitative, qualitative and cultural aspects of acceptability.70,72

BACKGROUND

Recognizing the human right to adequate food and the Sustainable Development Goals

The human rights-based 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted in September 2015 by the United Nations General Assembly, recognizes the realization of the right to food and points the way forward for transformative change. Because nations have the obligation to respect, protect, promote and realize the human right to adequate food, it is relevant to consider that recognizing the right to food in constitutions and developing laws related to food and nutrition security is now crucial to the fulfilment of SDG2. The 2030 Agenda specifically urges with regard to hunger, “By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round”.73

This is why the eradication of hunger has become an urgent and priority issue on the global agenda. Addressing it will require the generation of collective responses and radical changes in the world's agrifood system.

Legal and Regulatory Frameworks for the Realization of the Human Right to Adequate Food

To facilitate the radical transformations needed in today's agrifood systems, "more effective policy frameworks are urgently needed" to achieve food and nutrition security objectives.74 We need to move towards systems that ensure healthy, sufficient and balanced diets that are affordable for the entire population; and to guarantee the right to adequate food for all, leaving no one behind. The human right to adequate food is of fundamental importance for the enjoyment of all rights and translates into obligations for all state bodies.75

71 FAO. Right to food. (https://www.fao.org/right-to-food/en/).72 FAO. 2007. The human right to food. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (https://www.fao.org/3/y7937e/y7937e.pdf).73 United Nations. (2015). Sustainable Development Goals. 17 goals to transform our world: (https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/).74 HLPE. (2020). Food security and nutrition: building a global narrative towards 2030. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food

Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security. Rome. 110 pages. (https://www.fao.org/3/ca9731en/ca9731en.pdf). 75 FAO. (2010). Guide on Legislating for the Right to Food. Book 1. Rome. 362 pp. Available at: (https://www.fao.org/3/i0815e/i0815e00.pdf).

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Constitutional protectionThe Constitution is the supreme or highest law in a country's legal system. Enshrining the right to food clearly and explicitly in the Constitution gives it the highest level of recognition and protection.76

Constitutional provisions alone are not sufficient to ensure access to quality diets; framework laws on food and nutrition security and complementary sectoral legislation are required.75,77

Framework lawA framework law is used to legislate on multi-sectoral matters in a consistent, coordinated and comprehensive manner, setting out general principles and obligations, leaving the details to lower-ranking regulations, and delegating the adoption of the necessary measures to the competent authorities within the margins established by law.78

Sectoral lawsDesigning and implementing relevant sectoral laws to determine their compatibility with the right to food is also relevant. Legal implementation of the right to food requires a comprehensive assessment of sectoral laws that may affect the availability, accessibility and adequacy of food from the perspective of healthy and sustainable agrifood systems.79

Governance for realizing the human right to adequate foodCurrent global issues, particularly in the area of food and nutrition, challenge traditional forms of decision-making at national, regional and international levels. These complexities have led to a model of global governance, which involves a shift from hierarchically exercising power (government) to managing networks (governance).80,81,82

76 FAO. (2020). The right to adequate food in constitutions. Right to adequate food in constitutions. Legal brief for parliamentarians in Latin America and the Caribbean No. 1 Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (https://www.fao.org/publications/card/en/c/CB0448EN).

77 FAO. (2010). Guide on Legislating for the Right to Food. Book 1. Rome. 362 pp. (https://www.fao.org/3/i0815e/i0815e00.pdf).78 FAO. (2020). Framework laws on the right to adequate food. Legal brief for parliamentarians in Latin America and the Caribbean No. 2. Rome:

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (https://www.fao.org/publications/card/fr/c/CB0447EN/).79 FAO, IFAD, WHO, WFP and UNICEF. (2022). The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022. Repurposing food and agricultural

policies to make healthy diets more affordable. Rome, FAO. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc0639en).80 Rosenau, James (2005), "Governance in the Twenty-First Century", in Rorden Wilkinson (ed.), The Global Governance Reader, New York,

Routledge, pp. 45-63.81 Finkelstein, Lawrence S. (1995), “What Is Global Governance?”, Global Governance, vol. 1, issue 3, pp. 367-372.82 Gillespie, S., Haddad, L., Mannar, V., Menon, P., and Nisbett, N. (2013). The politics of reducing malnutrition: building commitment and

accelerating progress. The Lancet, 382(9891), 552–569. (https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)60842-9/fulltext).

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Coordination, cooperation and partnershipEvidence shows that when strong political will is translated into laws, public policies and programmes, food security and nutrition indicators tend to improve significantly, enhancing people's quality of life. Parliamentarians play a key role in designing and passing laws, policies and budgets to transform agrifood systems in order to reduce malnutrition in all its forms and to guarantee the human right to adequate food, ensuring equal opportunities for women and men.83

The Voluntary Guidelines to Support the Progressive Realization of the Right to Adequate Food in the Context of National Food Security, or the Right to Food Guidelines (RTFG), were adopted in 2004 as a practical tool to guide nations towards achieving the right to food for all. Since 2004, this voluntary policy tool has provided members with guidance on how to transform the achievement of the human right to food from its international legislative roots through national policies, laws and programmes into a tangible and implementable operational objective to end hunger and ensure food and nutrition security for all.

Parliamentary action has been instrumental in putting the right to adequate food at the top of political, social and economic agendas. As we approach October 2024 and the twentieth anniversary of the adoption of the RTFG, this is an opportunity to reflect on progress and obstacles and to remind ourselves of the legal, moral and collective obligation of nations and the urgency of eradicating hunger, food and nutrition insecurity as we begin the countdown to the 2030 SDG targets.

Parliamentary alliances have proved able to play a key, strategic role in addressing the problems and challenges that exacerbate food insecurity and malnutrition. The parliamentary sector takes on a crucial role as an agent of change in promoting and developing measures for transforming agrifood systems, requiring policy coordination at intergovernmental and international level.82,84,85.

The commitment to enhance different levels of cooperation, including South-South and Triangular Cooperation, helps fulfil the human right to adequate food.86

83 IPU and FAO. (2021). Food systems and nutrition. Handbook for Parliamentarians No. 32. Rome. (https://www.fao.org/policy-support/tools-and-publications/resources-details/en/c/1415158/).

84 Gillespie, S., Haddad, L., Mannar, V., Menon, P., and Nisbett, N. (2013). The politics of reducing malnutrition: building commitment and accelerating progress. The Lancet, 382(9891), 552–569. (https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)60842-9/fulltext).

85 Swinburn, B. and Moore, M. (2014). Urgently Needed: voices for integrity in public policy making. Aust. N. Z. J. Public Health, 38(6): 505.86 FAO. (2013). Framework Law “Right to Food, Food Security and Sovereignty” Eighteenth Ordinary Meeting of the Latin American Parliament

(page 44). Panama: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

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Venue: Hybrid - The National Congress of Chile, ValparaísoThe event will have simultaneous interpretations in Arabic, Chinese,English, French, Russian and Spanish.

AGENDA

PART 1 Inauguration Ceremony - Salón de HonorAuthorities take seat at front stage (H.E. Boric, Hon. Coloma, Hon. Mirosevic, Hon. Marzán, Hon. Aravena and Mr. Lubetkin) Opening by the Master of Ceremony and presentation of the FAO video of the Summit (2:21 min. video) National Anthem of Chile (3:17 min.) Mr Mario Lubetkin, FAO Assistant Director-General and Regional Representative for Latin America and the Caribbean on behalf of Dr Qu Dongyu - Opening remarks

H.E. the President of the Republic of Chile, Mr Gabriel Boric Font - Welcome remarksLeaving the Salón de Honor, H.E. President of the Republic of ChileHon. MP Carolina Marzán (Ms), President of the Parliamentary Front against Hunger and Malnutrition, Chile – Opening remarks Hon. Senator Carmen Gloria Aravena (Ms), Member of the Parliamentary Front against Hunger and Malnutrition, Chile - Opening remarks Hon. MP Vlado Mirosevic (Mr), President of Cámara de Diputadas y Diputados de Chile - Welcome remarksHon. Senator Juan Antonio Coloma (Mr), President of Senado de la República de Chile – Welcome remarks

PART 2 Inauguration Ceremony - Salón de HonorMs Gloria Sandoval, Director-General for Project Execution Abroad of AMEXCID (Mexican Agency for International Cooperation for Development)

Mr Ron Hartman, Director for Global Engagement, Partnerships and Resource Mobilization of IFAD – Video messageAmbassador Mario Arvelo (Mr), Chair of the International Steering Committee of the United Nations Decade of Family Farming and Permanent Representative of Dominican Republic to FAO - Video MessageAmbassador Gabriel Ferrero (Mr), Chair of Committee on World Food Security CFSHon. MP Duarte Pacheco - (Mr), President of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) - Video MessageHon. Senator Silvia Giacoppo (Ms), Deputy President of Parlatino – Video message Hon. Marou Assane Dit Koubou, (Mr), Member of the Pan African Parliament H.E. Dr. (H.C.) Puan Maharani (Ms), S.Sos, President of ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Assembly (AIPA) and Speaker of the House of Representatives of Republic of Indonesia - Video Message Hon. MP Pina Picierno (Ms), Vice-President of the European Parliament - Video Message Hon. MP Jerges Mercado Suarez (Mr), President of Parliament of BoliviaHon. MP Celmira Sacramento (Ms), President of the National Assembly of São Tomé and PríncipeHon. MP Luis Redondo (Mr), President of Parliament of HondurasH.E. MP Saboto Caesar (Mr), Minister of Agriculture of Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesMr Antón Leis, Director of AECID (Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation)Attendees leave the Salón de Honor for coffee break.

Arrival of delegates, special guests, ministers, parliamentarians from host country and invitees (No registration – Summit Badges will be given in advance, as well as the invitation to the Inauguration Ceremony)

Arrival of H.E. the President of the Republic of Chile, Mr Gabriel Boric Font (Protocol Room).

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COFFEE BREAK - El Pensador Hall 

LUNCH BREAK - Floor 14/15

PART 1 Inauguration Ceremony - Salón de HonorAuthorities take seat at front stage (H.E. Boric, Hon. Coloma, Hon. Mirosevic, Hon. Marzán, Hon. Aravena and Mr. Lubetkin) Opening by the Master of Ceremony and presentation of the FAO video of the Summit (2:21 min. video)National Anthem of Chile (3:17 min.) Mr Mario Lubetkin, FAO Assistant Director-General and Regional Representative for Latin America and the Caribbean on behalf of Dr Qu Dongyu - Opening remarks

H.E. the President of the Republic of Chile, Mr Gabriel Boric Font - Welcome remarksLeaving the Salón de Honor, H.E. President of the Republic of ChileHon. MP Carolina Marzán (Ms), President of the Parliamentary Front against Hunger and Malnutrition, Chile – Opening remarksHon. Senator Carmen Gloria Aravena (Ms), Member of the Parliamentary Front against Hunger and Malnutrition, Chile - Opening remarks Hon. MP Vlado Mirosevic (Mr), President of Cámara de Diputadas y Diputados de Chile - Welcome remarksHon. Senator Juan Antonio Coloma (Mr), President of Senado de la República de Chile – Welcome remarks

PART 2 Inauguration Ceremony - Salón de HonorMs Gloria Sandoval, Director-General for Project Execution Abroad of AMEXCID (Mexican Agency for International Cooperation for Development)

Mr Ron Hartman, Director for Global Engagement, Partnerships and Resource Mobilization of IFAD – Video messageAmbassador Mario Arvelo (Mr), Chair of the International Steering Committee of the United Nations Decade of Family Farming and Permanent Representative of Dominican Republic to FAO - Video Message Ambassador Gabriel Ferrero (Mr), Chair of Committee on World Food Security CFSHon. MP Duarte Pacheco - (Mr), President of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) - Video MessageHon. Senator Silvia Giacoppo (Ms), Deputy President of Parlatino – Video message Hon. Marou Assane Dit Koubou, (Mr), Member of the Pan African Parliament H.E. Dr. (H.C.) Puan Maharani (Ms), S.Sos, President of ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Assembly (AIPA) and Speaker of the House of Representatives of Republic of Indonesia - Video Message Hon. MP Pina Picierno (Ms), Vice-President of the European Parliament - Video Message Hon. MP Jerges Mercado Suarez (Mr), President of Parliament of BoliviaHon. MP Celmira Sacramento (Ms), President of the National Assembly of São Tomé and PríncipeHon. MP Luis Redondo (Mr), President of Parliament of HondurasH.E. MP Saboto Caesar (Mr), Minister of Agriculture of Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesMr Antón Leis, Director of AECID (Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation)Attendees leave the Salón de Honor for coffee break.

SIDE EVENT - Hemycicle InternationalLaunch of the National Strategy of FoodSovereignty for Food Security presentedby H.E. Esteban Valenzuela Treek (Mr),Minister of Agriculture of Chile

SESSION 1 - Hemycicle Ensuring availability of and access to healthy diets for all

KEYNOTE SPEECHES- HemyciclePerspectives on food security and nutrition towards efficient, inclusive, resilient, and sustainable agrifood systems Progress on SDG2 “Zero Hunger”.Ms Marcela Villarreal, Ph.D., Director, Partnerships and UN Collaboration Division, FAO Ms Camila Corvalán, Director of the Center for Research in Food Environments and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases Associated with Nutrition (CIAPEC), at the Public Health Unit of the Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA) of the University of Chile. Ms Hilal Elver, Former Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food (VIRTUAL)Mr Sibiri Jean Zoundi, Deputy Director, Sahel and West Africa Club Secretariat

MESSAGES FROM NOBEL PEACE PRIZE WINNERSMr Muhammad Yunus, Nobel Peace Prize 2006 Ms Tawakkol Karman, Nobel Peace Prize 2011

Opening: Hon. Francoise Uwumukiza (Ms), Member of the East African Legislative Assembly and Chairperson of EALACommittee on Agriculture Tourism and Natural ResourcesModerator: Hon. Neveen ElTahri (Ms), Memberof the Economic Committee, Parliament of EgyptH.E. Saboto Caesar (Mr), Minister of Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries, Rural Transformation, Industry and Labour - Member of Parliament, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Zero Hunger Trust Fund Hon. Kadil M. Sinolinding Jr. (Mr), Member of the Parliament, Bangsamoro TransitionAuthority, Bangsamoro Region in Muslim Mindanao, Philippines Bangsamoro Experience in the Philippines: Hope in the Midst of Malnutrition Hon. Frank Moses Moyo (Mr), Second Deputy Speaker, Parliament of ZambiaParliamentary oversight on programme and policies for universal access to healthy diets: perspectives from Zambia Hon. Jairo Flores (Mr), Member of Parliament, GuatemalaAccess and consumption of nutritious food in the context of raising food prices (I.e., School Nutrition Law-2017, and its updating- 2021 in Guatemala)Hon. Ana Lilia Rivera (Ms), Senator, Member of Parliament, Mexico Draft General Law on Adequate and Sustainable Food Hon. Jiheng Li (Mr), Vice Chairman of the 14th Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee of National People’s Congress, People's Republic of China (VIRTUAL) Food security and nutrition - China’s effort and contribution

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INAUGURAL RECEPTION HOSTED BYGOVERNMENT OF CHILE – Palacio Vergara

COFFEE BREAK - El Pensador Hall 

SESSION 1 - HemycicleEnsuring availability of and access to healthy diets for all

SESSION 2 - Hemycicle The gender gap in food security and nutritionOpening: Hon. Nino Tsilosani (Ms), Chairperson of the Permanent Parliamentary Gender Equality Council, Member of Parliament, Georgia (VIRTUAL)

Moderator: H.E. Ignacia Fernandez (Ms), Undersecretary of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, ChileMs Elena Diego, Former Senator, Spain Road towards an Ibero-American and Caribbean Parliamentary Alliance and Pact for Zero Hunger with Gender Equality (VIRTUAL) Hon. Abdoulaye Vilane (Mr), President of the ECOWAS Network of Parliamentarians on Gender Equality and Investments in Agriculture and Food Security, ECOWAS Parliament Parliamentary action on gender: experience of the ECOWAS Network Hon. Assane Marou Dit Koubou (Mr), Rapporteur of the Committee on Agriculture and Rural Economic Development and Food Security, Pan-African Parliament Gender mainstreaming in the recently adopted FSN Framework Law and draft Framework Law on Gender Hon. Latifa Lablih (Ms), Member of Parliament, Morocco Gender Responsive Budgeting Initiative (VIRTUAL) Hon. Consuelo Veloso (Ms), Member of Parliament, Chile Law to promote gender equity in the fisheries and aquaculture sector Hon. Blanca Ovelar (Ms), President of ParlAmericas, Senator, Member of Parliament, ParaguayParlAmericas’ action to promote gender mainstreaming in the sustainable development agendas

Opening: Hon. Francoise Uwumukiza (Ms), Member of the East African Legislative Assembly and Chairperson of EALACommittee on Agriculture Tourism and Natural Resources Moderator: Hon. Neveen ElTahri (Ms), Member of the Economic Committee, Parliament of EgyptH.E. Saboto Caesar (Mr), Minister of Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries, Rural Transformation, Industry and Labour - Member of Parliament, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Zero Hunger Trust Fund Hon. Kadil M. Sinolinding Jr. (Mr), Member of the Parliament, Bangsamoro Transition Authority, Bangsamoro Region in Muslim Mindanao, Philippines Bangsamoro Experience in the Philippines: Hope in the Midst of Malnutrition Hon. Frank Moses Moyo (Mr), Second Deputy Speaker, Parliament of ZambiaParliamentary oversight on programme and policies for universal access to healthy diets: perspectives from Zambia Hon. Jairo Flores (Mr), Member of Parliament, Guatemala Access and consumption of nutritious food in the context of raising food prices (I.e., School Nutrition Law-2017, and its updating- 2021 in Guatemala) Hon. Ana Lilia Rivera (Ms), Senator, Member of Parliament, Mexico Draft General Law on Adequate and Sustainable Food Hon. Jiheng Li (Mr), Vice Chairman of the 14th Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee of National People’s Congress, People's Republic of China (VIRTUAL) Food security and nutrition - China’s effort and contribution

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SESSION 3 - Hemycicle Transforming food systems to make them more inclusive, sustainable and resilient in the face of climate changeOpening: Ms María Rosario Alonso, Right to Food Observatory, Spain Moderator: Hon. William Leong Jee Keen (Mr), Member of Parliament, Malaysia Hon. María Soraya Rodríguez Ramos (Ms), Member of the European Parliament European Green Deal - From Farm to Fork (VIRTUAL) Hon. Ricardo Velázquez Meza (Mr), Senator, General Congress of the United Mexican States and Secretary of the Committees of PARLATINO Model Laws: Family Farming, Climate Change and SAN, Food Loss and Waste Hon. Evaristus Njong (Mr), Member of the Committee on Natural Resources, Environment and Climate Change, Pan-African Parliament Model Law on Climate Change as a means to address the climate crisis in Africa Hon. Kody Blois (Mr) and Hon. Francis Drouin (Mr), Members of Parliament, Canada Sustainability, Climate Change, and the Future of Food Security

Session 4 - Hemycicle Strengthening coordination, cooperation and collaboration to guarantee the Right to Adequate Food

Opening: Mr Leonard Mizzi, Head, Sustainable Agri-food Systems Unit, DG INTPA, European Commission Moderator: Mr Antón Leis Garcia, Director of the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation, AECIDRound Table: Inter and Intra-regional parliamentary initiatives: Actors, institutionality and parliamentary coordination - Governance and policy coherence for the achievement of the SDG2.Hon. Dr. Jihad Al-Fadhil (Ms), Chairman of ASSECAA's Parliamentary Network for Food Security and Nutrition in Africa and the Arab world, Second Deputy Chairperson of the Shoora Council of the Kingdom of Bahrain (VIRTUAL) Hon. Angelique Ngoma (Ms), President of the Commission for Cooperation and Development, Parliamentary Assembly of La Francophonie, APF, Member of Parliament, Gabon Hon. Yussuf Adan Haji (Mr), Chair of the Eastern Africa Parliamentary Alliance for Food Security and Nutrition, EAPA – FSN, Member of Parliament, Kenya H.E. Ar. Siti Rozaimeriyanty Dato Haji Abdul Rahman (Ms), Secretary General of ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Assembly, AIPA (VIRTUAL)

Parliamentary Fronts Against Hunger in Latin America and the Caribbean

COFFEE BREAK - El Pensador Hall 

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DISCUSSION OF THE GLOBALPARLIAMENTARY PACT PROPOSAL

COFFEE BREAK - El Pensador Hall

CLOSURE OF THE II GLOBALPARLIAMENTARY SUMMIT ANDRECOGNITION TO DR FERNANDOMONCKEBERG (MR) ) BY THE SUMMITSECRETARIAT AND THE GOVERNMENTOF CHILE – Hemycicle

RECOGNITION REMARKS TO DRFERNANDO MONCKEBERG (MR) BYMARCELA VILLARREAL

RECOGNITION REMARKS TO DRFERNANDO MONCKEBERG (MR)BY AMBASSADOR ENNIO VIVALDI

MR MARIO LUBETKIN, FAO ASSISTANTDIRECTOR-GENERAL AND REGIONALREPRESENTATIVE FOR LATIN AMERICAAND THE CARIBBEAN ON BEHALF OFDR QU DONGYU – Closing remarks

LUNCH BREAK - Floor 14/15

PRESENTATION OF THE GLOBAL PARLIAMENTARY PACT PROPOSAL - Hemycicle

PRESENTATION OF THE CONSOLIDATEDINPUTS FOR THE GLOBALPARLIAMENTARY PACT PROPOSAL

MS GLORIA SANDOVAL, DIRECTOR-GENERAL FOR PROJECT EXECUTIONABROAD OF AMEXCID (MEXICANAGENCY FOR INTERNATIONALCOOPERATION FOR DEVELOPMENT) - Closing remarks

MIRIAM CISCAR BLAT, DEPUTY DIRECTOROF AECID (SPANISH AGENCY FORINTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTCOOPERATION) - Closing remarks

HON. MP CAROLINA MARZÁN (MS),PRESIDENT OF THE PARLIAMENTARYFRONT AGAINST HUNGER ANDMALNUTRITION, CHILE – Closing remarks

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GLOBAL PARLIAMENTARY PACT AGAINST HUNGER AND MALNUTRITION 2023

Pacto Global contra a Fome celebrado na II Cimeira Parlamentar Mundial contra a Fome e Subnutrição

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FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONSROME, 2023

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Global Parliamentary Pact against Hunger and Malnutrition

We, parliamentarians from national, sub-regional and regional parliaments of the world, gathered in Valparaíso, Chile, on 15 and 16 June 2023, for the Second Global Parliamentary Summit against Hunger and Malnutrition, building on the efforts from the First Global Parliamentary Summit held in Madrid, Spain, on 29 and 30 October 2018, as reflected in the Madrid Declaration:

Alarmed that hunger and malnutrition in all its forms is on the rise in many regions and countries, that recent estimates see Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) being missed by large margins and that global challenges are increasing;

Conscious of the important role parliamentarians play in addressing hunger and malnutrition and achieving the SDGs by adopting legislation, approving public budgets, and overseeing and monitoring the implementation of public policies and government commitments, ensuring that food security and nutrition, creating a world free of hunger and promoting sustainable agriculture that respects the environment (SDG 2, SDG 8 and SDG 13), is prioritized in national political and legislative agendas;

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Global Parliamentary Pact against Hunger and Malnutrition

2 0 2 3

Recognizing that this Pact is a non-legally binding instrument;

Now therefore, have agreed:

We commit ourselves to work for a transformation towards agrifood systems that are sustainable, inclusive, equitable, resilient and conducive to the realization of the right to adequate food of all people, by:

a. Calling for a greater participation and involvement of parliaments and parliamentarians tostrengthen political commitment;

b. Proposing and supporting concrete initiatives that are in line with the special contexts andneeds of our societies;

c. Promoting and proposing legal and policy frameworks that create a conducive environmentto the realization of the right to food and adequate nutrition and reinforces the relationshipbetween farmers and consumers;

d. Safeguarding for sufficient and adequate budgetary allocations;

e. Overseeing the laws and other actions implemented in favour of the fight against hunger andmalnutrition adopted by our Governments, in the search for continuous improvement;

f. Ensuring initiatives for the realization of the right to food and adequate nutrition with aterritorial, age-based, and gender equality lens (SDG 5) and a cross-cutting perspective;

g. Fostering collective, inclusive and participatory processes;

h. Consolidating existing and creating new partnerships between and among parliamentaryalliances and stakeholders (academia, civil society, scientific community, private sector, etc.)to foster exchanges of experience, knowledge and join forces;

i. Strengthening intersectoral and intergovernmental coordination, cooperation andpartnership for sound institutional frameworks;

j. Promoting technical meetings aimed at achieving regional parliamentary consensus toreduce food and nutrition inequalities of the population.

1.

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We will measure our progress in taking action by reporting on efforts in the transformation towards agrifood systems that are sustainable, inclusive, equitable, resilient and conducive to the realization of the right to adequate food of all people, such as:

a. Political, social and environmental initiatives undertaken;

b. Laws, regulations, policies, strategies, programmes and plans adopted, amended,supplemented and expanded;

c. Safeguarding for the inclusion of sufficient and adequate budgets in institutions for thesepurposes (budgetary allocations made);

d. Any other innovative or progressive action or activity carried out;

e. Expedition of laws and regulatory frameworks allowing equal rights and conditions for ruralworkers and family and peasant farmers.

We request the Committee on World Food Security to establish a mechanism for the representation of parliamentarians fighting hunger and malnutrition which allows them to participate in its sessions.

2.

3.

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4.

5. 6.

We request FAO to assist further development of technical ways to support the implementation of the Pact, and in particular:

a. Review existing data collection and reporting systems to compile and analyze progressof parliamentary commitments in the fields of policies, oversight, legislation andbudgetary allocations;

b. Explore ways and modalities to develop and publicize relevant periodic global reports withthe analyses and main findings on the implementation of parliamentary commitmentsfound in the Pact;

c. Encourage and support exchange and cooperation among parliamentarians andparliamentary bodies;

d. Support awareness-raising and capacity development activities for parliamentarians andparliamentary officials, as well as the adaptation of existing and development of newtraining and knowledge tools;

e. Elaborate, along with parliaments, organizations, and sectors, reports on indicators that allowevaluating the implementation of the commitments in a periodic manner; with the aim ofknowing the achievements and progresses made by the III Summit.

We call on international partners, institutions, and donors to support the efforts emerging as a result of the Pact.

We request FAO to convene the International Organizing Committee of the II Global Parliamentary Summit against Hunger and Malnutrition to hold a III Global Parliamentary Summit, by no later than 2026, in Africa.

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DELEGAÇÃO DA ASSEMBLEIA DA REPÚBLICA

RELATÓRIO REFERENTE À 4.ª PARTE DA SESSÃO PLENÁRIA DE 2023 DA ASSEMBLEIA

PARLAMENTAR DO CONSELHO DA EUROPA (APCE), QUE TEVE LUGAR EM ESTRASBURGO, DE 9 A

13 DE OUTUBRO DE 2023

A 4.ª Parte da Sessão Plenária de 2023 da Assembleia Parlamentar do Conselho da Europa (APCE) teve

lugar em Estrasburgo no hemiciclo do Parlamento Europeu, de 9 a 13 de outubro. Participaram, por parte da

Delegação portuguesa, os membros efetivos da Delegação, Deputada Edite Estrela (PS), Presidente da

Delegação, Deputada Catarina Rocha Ferreira (PSD), Vice-Presidente, Deputado Paulo Pisco (PS), a Deputada

Isabel Moreira (PS), o Deputado Nuno Carvalho (PSD), o Deputado Paulo Moniz (PSD), membro suplente, em

representação da Deputada Isabel Meirelles (PSD), e o Deputado Pedro Cegonho (PS). Tiveram ainda lugar

reuniões das comissões, subcomissões e grupos políticos.

A Assembleia realizou três debates de urgência sobre a «Situação humanitária no Nagorno-Karabakh», um

«Apelo à libertação imediata de Osman Kavala» e a necessidade de «Garantir uma paz justa na Ucrânia e uma

segurança duradoura na Europa», bem como dois debates de atualidade sobre a «Escalada da violência no

Médio Oriente na sequência do recente ataque do Hamas a Israel» e sobre «A situação no norte do Kosovo* na

sequência do recente ataque e a necessidade de inverter a escalada».

Entre outros temas importantes, de salientar os debates sobre o programa Pegasus e outros programas de

espionagem semelhantes e de vigilância secreta do Estado e o desafio da ideologia de extrema-direita à

democracia e aos direitos humanos na Europa, teve ainda lugar um debate conjunto sobre o impacto da luta

contra a COVID-19 na saúde mental e no bem-estar das crianças e dos jovens adultos, por um lado, e na

prevenção de comportamentos aditivos nas crianças, por outro.

De destacar as intervenções do Comissário Europeu para a Justiça, Didier Reynders, do Ministro dos

Negócios Estrangeiros da Letónia e Presidente do Comité de Ministros, Krišjānis Kariņš, que apresentou um

Relatório sobre o trabalho desse órgão executivo do Conselho da Europa, e da Secretária-Geral do Conselho

da Europa, Marija Pejčinović Burić, que respondeu a questões dos membros da Assembleia.

Por último, a Assembleia debateu a forma de combater a violência contra as mulheres com deficiência, a

crise humanitária que está a emergir no Afeganistão e os refugiados afegãos, e o papel do Conselho da Europa

na prevenção de conflitos, no restabelecimento da credibilidade das instituições internacionais e na promoção

da paz mundial.

De referir também a atribuição do Prémio Václav Havel para os Direitos Humanos 2023.

* Qualquer referência ao Kosovo no presente documento, quer seja ao seu território, às suas instituições ou à sua população, deve ser entendida no pleno respeito da Resolução 1244 do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas, sem prejuízo do estatuto do Kosovo.

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Abertura da Sessão Plenária

Na abertura da Sessão de Outono, no dia 9 de outubro, o Presidente da Assembleia Parlamentar, Tiny Kox,

lembrou os presentes que, enquanto se encontravam reunidos em representação dos respetivos Estados-

Membros, os seus povos eram confrontados com a dura realidade das catástrofes naturais e provocadas pelo

homem, terramotos, inundações, incêndios e tensões, confrontos e violência aberta. Na sua intervenção o

Presidente da APCE mencionou ainda «o sofrimento da população na Ucrânia, o êxodo dos arménios da região

de Karabakh, no Azerbaijão, e, no final de semana anterior, a terrível explosão de violência do Hamas contra

civis israelitas inocentes», tendo em seguida partilhado um minuto de silêncio em memória de todas as vítimas

dos acontecimentos recentes.

O Presidente da APCE destacou que, durante a Sessão, o Comissário Europeu para a Justiça informaria os

Deputados sobre a adesão da UE à Convenção dos Direitos Humanos do Conselho da Europa, afirmando que

«Quando esta adesão estiver concluída, esperemos que em breve, a pedra angular desta Organização – o

nosso sistema de convenções – será consideravelmente reforçada. A adesão lembra-nos também que todos os

Estados-Membros desta organização devem respeitar a Convenção e cumprir integralmente os vereditos

vinculativos do Tribunal Europeu dos Direitos Humanos. A recusa continuada de executar os acórdãos do

Tribunal de Estrasburgo não pode continuar a ser tolerada, tema que também estará no topo da agenda durante

a semana».

Ao concluir a sua intervenção, o Presidente Kox lembrou que, no início da sua presidência, afirmara que

isoladamente eram fracos, mas que juntos seriam capazes de mostrar a força que se poderia esperar da maior

e mais antiga organização europeia e que na Cimeira de Reiqueiavique tinham formulado um novo conjunto de

princípios democráticos para ajudar a travar o declínio geral da democracia na Europa».

Da Ordem de Trabalhos (anexo 1), destaca-se:

Apresentação e discussão de Relatórios das comissões, tendo sido aprovados os seguintes documentos

(anexo 2):

Recomendações

Recommendation 2258 (2023) Pegasus and similar spyware and secret state surveillance (Doc. 15825)

Recommendation 2259 (2023) The role of the Council of Europe in preventing conflicts, restoring credibility of international institutions and promoting global peace (Doc. 15821)

Recommendation 2260 (2023) Humanitarian situation in Nagorno-Karabakh (Doc. 15840)

Recommendation 2261 (2023) Call for the immediate release of Osman Kavala (Doc. 15841)

Recommendation 2262 (2023) Preventing addictive behaviours in children (Doc. 15830)

Recommendation 2263 (2023) Mental health and well-being of children and young adults (Doc. 15829)

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Resolução

Resolution 2511 (2023) The challenge of far-right ideology to democracy and human rights in Europe (Doc. 15826)

Resolution 2512 (2023)The honouring of membership obligations to the Council of Europe by France (Doc. 15833

Resolution 2513 (2023)Pegasus and similar spyware and secret state surveillance (Doc. 15825)

Resolution 2514 (2023)Preventing and combating violence against women with disabilities (Doc. 15828)

Resolution 2515 (2023)The role of the Council of Europe in preventing conflicts, restoring credibility of international institutions and promoting global peace (Doc. 15821)

Resolution 2516 (2023)Ensuring a just peace in Ukraine and lasting security in Europe (Doc. 15842)

Resolution 2517 (2023) Humanitarian situation in Nagorno-Karabakh (Doc. 15840)

Resolution 2518 (2023) Call for the immediate release of Osman Kavala (Doc. 15841)

Resolution 2519 (2023) Examining the legitimacy and legality of the ad hominem term-limit waiver for the incumbent President of the Russian Federation (Doc. 15827)

Resolution 2520 (2023) Preventing addictive behaviours in children (Doc. 15830)

Resolution 2521 (2023) Mental health and well-being of children and young adults (Doc. 15829)

Resolution 2522 (2023) The humanitarian crisis emerging for Afghanistan and Afghan refugees (Doc. 15831)

No dia 10 de outubro, alguns dos membros da Delegação portuguesa participaram no debate sobre

«Ideologia de extrema-direita: um desafio para a democracia e os direitos humanos na Europa».

Na Resolução adotada com base no Relatório apresentado pelo Deputado de Samad Seyidov (Azerbaijão,

CE/AD), a Assembleia Parlamentar considerou que «A forma mais eficaz de prevenir o extremismo de direita é

reforçar a adesão aos valores fundamentais do Conselho da Europa».

Os membros da Assembleia manifestaram a sua preocupação com o aumento da violência de extrema-direita

nos últimos anos, motivada pela xenofobia, pelo racismo e por outras formas de intolerância, salientando que

vários Estados-Membros consideram que as formas de terrorismo de extrema-direita são «a ameaça à

segurança interna que mais crescem ou que mais se fazem sentir».

A fim de combater eficazmente o extremismo de direita e o discurso de ódio, a APCE apelou aos Estados-

Membros para que reforcem a legislação existente, promovam a educação (incluindo a literacia mediática) e

combatam a radicalização em linha, trabalhando com as plataformas de redes sociais e as empresas de

tecnologia para remover conteúdos que promovam ideologias de extrema-direita.

A APCE defende também o desenvolvimento de estratégias para combater a desinformação e a propaganda

difundida pelos grupos de extrema-direita, «assegurando que prevaleça a informação exata e baseada em

provas», e a implementação de mecanismos eficazes contra os extremistas no seio da polícia.

Por último, a APCE salientou que os políticos e os partidos políticos devem estar na vanguarda das respostas

a este fenómeno, defendendo publicamente os direitos humanos e os princípios democráticos e rejeitando

inequivocamente todas as formas de racismo e intolerância, bem como o discurso de ódio. Incentivou os partidos

políticos a assinarem a Carta dos Partidos Políticos Europeus para uma Sociedade Não-Racista e Inclusiva.

O Deputado Paulo Pisco (PS), designado pelo Grupo Político SOC para falar em sua representação,

apresentou a seguinte intervenção:

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Thank you, Chair,

Dear colleagues,

The influence of extreme-right parties and movements has grown together with

the influence and sophistication of internet and social networks. It is through those

channels that citizens are flooded with disinformation, fake news, manipulation, and

radicalisation.

That’s why this report is so important and must be followed. It highlights the

dangers of the extreme-right movements to our democracies, to the stability of our

nations, to the strength and cohesion of the European Union and the humanistic

values we defend in the Council of Europe.

Our societies are more polarised than ever, because digital platforms amplify

the anger, revolt, and anxiety that are fed by the extreme-right movements and parties, in a circular flow of

destructive energies, arming seriously the capacity for political dialogue and co-operation, paving through the

way to reach power in a perverse and dishonest manner.

As in totalitarian regimes, the extremists transform adversaries into enemies to better drag people to their

propaganda. And the enemies are the democratic institutions, the European Union, the left political movements,

migrants, Gypsies, and other minorities. They claim for an impossible nationalism and pure identity in a world full

of colonisers and colonised people and composed since ever by migrant flows. They urge to racism and

xenophobia and legitimate racists and xenophobes and hate speech.

They are a threat to the European Union project, build to reject the clash of nationalisms and identities,

promoting instead the dialogue and co-operation. They block decisions in the European Union with dramatic

consequences at the level of migrations, preventing to save lives in the Mediterranean. They are killing the

meaning of humanism and solidarity.

Extremist movements are or were often financed by Russia, responsible for the unacceptable violation of the

United Nations Charter and for all kinds of war crimes in Ukraine. Although they are trying hard to seem respectful

and acceptable, we must not forget that their inspiration came from fascist and authoritarian ideologies.

In my country, Portugal, the extreme-right say they want to found a new republic, they reject the authority of

the chairman of the parliament, their militants make sieges to political parties, their parliamentarians undertake

provocative actions in demonstration organised by left wing parties, and, as the Constitutional Court stated, their

internal statutes are anti-democratic.

Here, in the Council of Europe, and in our member states, we must raise our voice to defend tolerance,

inclusive and pluralistic societies, if needed with sanitary measures. Fighting extreme-right ideology is a moral

duty for all democrats, if we want to prevent the degradation of our democracies.

Thank you.

A Deputada Isabel Moreira (PS) participou no debate com a seguinte

intervenção:

Thank you, Chair.

The firm fight against the violation of human rights today once again in history

involves the fight against the extreme rights.

The extreme right waves the flag of security, when in fact it only wants the

security of a few, as it has always done throughout history. So we, the democrats,

have to recover the security speech, knowing how to explain that fascism is the

land of security for some, an insecurity for almost all. As we saw in the invasion of the capital, as we saw in the

eyes of the bodies of victims of hate and discrimination, as seen in the targets of a manufactured coward social

polarisation that weakens before the strong and is so strong against women, racialised people, LGBT people,

immigrants, and migrants.

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We respond to hate and the continued activity of destroying democracy with more and more democracy and

better democracy.

We must be a free, safe and democratic Europe for everyone, co-operating so that the disadvantaged are not

the slave labor of extremists.

Education for respect for human rights is essential and that is why all extremists launch campaigns against

education for citizenship calling it an ideology, as if democratic constitutions had not chosen equality over

inequality. Citizenship is not an option, it is not optional.

We have a special duty to defend human rights and democratic principles and to reject all forms of racism

and intolerance, hate speech, incitement to racial speech.

This duty involves recognising that our societies have systemic problems of racism instead of denying them

by imagining our countries as exceptions to a centuries-old history that has left deep marks.

It is because these structural problems exist that fascism tries its way, so we begin by recognising them and

then deconstructing, repressing, combating, and creating real public policies that eliminate the causes of

discrimination against people who have the right to freedom, equality, and security.

This is the Council of Europe. We have made a choice.

Thank you very much.

O Deputado Nuno Carvalho (PSD)participou também com a seguinte intervenção:

Thank you Madam President,

Well, of course the far-right in Europe feeds itself from the stresses that our

society produces, the stresses that come from different challenges. All of us can

understand that, quite recently, when we had to struggle to fight against COVID-19,

this was an opportunity for a lot of the movements that are far-right and extreme to

infiltrate themselves and say that they were anti-vaccine and anti-a lot of the

measures that had to be taken and everyone had to suffer in order to, of course,

undertake and at the end win this fight against this terrible virus.

But the truth is that this is an example of all type of stresses that our societies may face in the future, like

climate change, of course, like inflation.

And so, the first point that I would like to stress is that we need to tackle these issues and we need to tackle

them in a the most moderate a way as possible.

Because the first thing that we can see is that a lot of times, they occupy a void: they occupy a void of protests;

they occupy a void of not taking care of some issues and recognising them as true problems.

I should also say something, that I can see a lot of times that we as politicians – and allow me to say that we,

including myself of course, as politicians need to do our best to respect our principles with our voters, respect our

mandate that we have assumed with our voters.

Because if we do not carry out our mission with our, principles, with our mission, with our ideology, the mistrust

that we can create in society with the true democrats, with the ones that want to maintain and sustain a true

democratic system, well, that belief in these politicians may crumble.

People may lose trust in us, so it is very important to maintain our principles always in our priority, and never,

never try to fail with our voters that have entrusted us with that mission. So that is of course something that we

need to be very, very, very clear about in these very difficult times.

Otherwise, of course, the counter communication that has been created by the far right, and of course by all

other types of extreme movements that we have been assisting, will thrive and will win against the moderate

politicians like I, myself, think I am, and most of our colleagues here represented.

Thank you.

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Debate de atualidade, 11 de outubro

Na abertura do debate de atualidade sobre «A escalada da violência no Médio Oriente na sequência do

recente ataque do Hamas a Israel»,o Deputado Piero Fassino (Itália, SOC), Relator da APCE sobre a situação

no Médio Oriente, afirmou que«Nada pode justificar as atrocidades cometidas pelo Hamas e não pode haver

ambiguidade a este respeito».

O Deputado Fassino declarou que «Tudo deve ser feito para bloquear a agressão do Hamas e garantir a

libertação dos reféns», sublinhando o «carácter suicida» da guerra. Reconhecendo o direito de Israel a defender-

se, apelou às autoridades israelitas para que «não obriguem o povo palestiniano a pagar pelas ações do Hamas

e para que lhe sejam garantidos os bens essenciais à vida quotidiana».

Concluiu afirmando «Não podemos desistir. A comunidade internacional tem a responsabilidade de relançar

uma iniciativa política e diplomática que abra caminho a uma solução negociada – a única que pode garantir a

paz – abandonando qualquer atitude de espera».

Devido às restrições de tempo, a lista de oradores foi interrompida, pelo que não foi possível a apresentação

das intervenções dos Deputados Nuno Carvalho (PSD), Pedro Cegonho (PS), Isabel Moreira (PS) e Paulo Moniz

(PSD).

O debate contou com a participação de 21 oradores. Não foi elaborado qualquer relatório.

Ainda no dia 11 de outubro, a Deputada Catarina Rocha Ferreira (PSD) e o Deputado Nuno Carvalho (PSD)

participaram no debate sobre «O Programa Pegasus e outros programas de espionagem semelhantes e de

vigilância secreta do Estado».

Ao aprovar uma resolução sobre o Programa Pegasus e outros programas de espionagem semelhantes, a

Assembleia instou a Polónia, a Hungria, a Grécia, a Espanha e o Azerbaijão a investigarem rápida e

exaustivamente todos os casos de utilização abusiva de programas de espionagem, a punirem os detetados e

a indemnizarem as vítimas.

A Resolução adotada, baseada no relatório do Deputado Pieter Omtzigt (Países Baixos, PPE/DC), instava

também os outros Estados-Membros que adquiriram ou utilizaram o Pegasus – nomeadamente a Alemanha, a

Bélgica, o Luxemburgo e os Países Baixos – a clarificarem, no prazo de três meses, a sua utilização e os

mecanismos criados para a supervisionar.

A Assembleia declarou que a vigilância secreta de opositores políticos, funcionários públicos, jornalistas,

defensores dos direitos humanos e da sociedade civil para outros fins que não os enumerados na Convenção

Europeia dos Direitos Humanos, como a prevenção da criminalidade ou a proteção da segurança nacional,

constituiria uma violação flagrante da Convenção.

Dada a sua natureza intrusiva, os Estados devem abster-se de utilizar este tipo de software de espionagem

até que as suas leis e práticas em matéria de vigilância secreta estejam em conformidade com a Convenção e

com outras normas internacionais, tal como avaliadas pelos peritos jurídicos do Conselho da Europa. Em todo

o caso, só o devem utilizar em «situações excecionais, como último recurso», afirmou a Assembleia. Os Estados-

Membros devem também evitar exportar esses meios para países onde exista um risco significativo de serem

utilizados para fins de repressão ou de violação dos direitos humanos.

Os Deputados pediram também a Israel, um Estado observador da APCE, informações sobre a forma como

garante que o Pegasus, comercializado por uma empresa sediada em Israel, não é exportado para países onde

possa ser utilizado para violar os direitos humanos. Marrocos, um Estado «parceiro para a democracia» da

APCE, que alegadamente utilizou o Pegasus em Espanha, foi também convidado a fornecer informações e a

investigar a sua utilização.

Intervenções dos Deputados da Delegação portuguesa no âmbito do debate:

Deputada Catarina Rocha Ferreira (PSD)

Thank you, Madam Chair, dear colleagues,

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Let me start by underlining the importance of this Report, because it analyses the

use of Pegasus and similar spyware by several countries. However, the problem is that

when a report analyses several countries – more than one country – we cannot think

that each one acts the same and condemns all the same way. Each case is different.

And what happens is in many cases, the spyware has been used far beyond its original

design and it can represent a threat to our democracies. As is what was stated before,

Pegasus and similar spyware have been widely misused, namely to attack the

smartphones of political opponents, social activists, journalists or just anyone.

We are speaking about untraceable spyware that mirrors everything a person does

on their phone and that can access the microphone and camera.

Remembering George Orwell's book 1984, there were posters all over Oceania saying, «Big Brother is

watching you». Today, we have no posters, but this dystopian fiction can be a reality in several places. In fact,

anyone could be a victim of such spyware. However, it might not be because that person is a dangerous criminal

or a terrorist. If that was the reason, that would be acceptable but anyone can be spied on for political reasons

and that is unacceptable in a healthy democracy. That is a violation of the rule of law, of democracy and its

institutions.

Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights states that everyone has the right to respect their

privacy and their family life, home and correspondence. And as the Report states, «spyware must be limited to

exceptional circumstances as a measure of last resort for genuine and serious threats to national security or

specific and defined serious crimes». So, democratic countries must abstain from using this spyware until their

legislative framework is fully in line with the standards of the European Court of Human Rights and the

requirements of the Convention.

I believe it is our duty to create measures that mitigate risks to democracy and to protect the fundamental

rights of people.

Thank you.

Deputado Nuno Carvalho (PSD)

Thank you, Madam President.

Well, first let me congratulate the rapporteur for this Report which is very important because we're talking

about monitoring our own democracies. And, of course, first of all it recognises the importance of this instrument

in extreme situations regarding terrorism and crimes. And, of course, this is an instrument that may become a

very valuable weapon against this type of crimes and threats to our democracy. But also, like any other weapon,

if it is misused it may become a threat to our own democracy.

So, the first step that I would like to underline is the importance of democracy to be able to monitor the use of

this software. The second is the importance that we need to give to this in order to understand that we may speak

of certain countries, but of course that, if a certain country trades this technology with another country, we can

actually have a very difficult situation in which we can just enlarge the danger of this software.

So, we need a framework in which all countries that have this technology need to act and need to assume a

compromise in order to use this in the better way which also includes not to give this technology away so easily

to other countries.

So, this aspect is very important and of course I think it's also important that, if there are countries that are

using this spyware, and I do believe that it is important to use them in these specific cases, terrorism or other

type of crimes, well they should say that they are using it, they should declare, and they should develop the

instruments in order to monitor their actions, monitor the usage of this technology.

Otherwise, if this surveillance on this software does not happen, then we do have a threat to democracy,

because it's far far too powerful for its usage not to be surveilled, not to be monitored by all the instruments that

democracy, a solid democracy, has.

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Thank you very much.

O Deputado Paulo Moniz (PSD) não pôde apresentar a sua intervenção devido à extensa lista de oradores

com as consequentes restrições de tempo.

No último debate da tarde, a APCE sublinhou que a violência contra as mulheres com deficiência, seja ela

física, sexual, psicológica ou económica, continua a ser um assunto tabu. Os parlamentares consideram que a

sociedade infantiliza as mulheres com deficiência ao não lhes permitir fazer escolhas informadas sobre as suas

vidas, nomeadamente no que diz respeito à saúde e aos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos, acrescentando que a

sua invisibilidade e a manutenção da dependência económica e social criam um contexto de maior

vulnerabilidade.

Ao aprovar, por unanimidade, uma resolução com base no relatório da Deputada Béatrice Fresko-Rolfo

(Mónaco, ALDE), «Prevenir e combater a violência contra as mulheres com deficiência», a Assembleia

Parlamentar propôs uma série de medidas para prevenir e combater essa violência. Em particular, apelou aos

Estados-Membros para que proíbam as esterilizações forçadas e os abortos forçados e assegurem o pagamento

de indemnizações às pessoas que sofreram estas formas de violência.

De acordo com o texto adotado, os Estados devem fazer da inclusão das pessoas com deficiência uma

prioridade, apoiando o seu acesso à educação, ao emprego e à cultura, investindo na acessibilidade e

promovendo a sua participação na vida económica, cultural, política e pública. Devem também incluir a dimensão

de género nas políticas nacionais em matéria de deficiência.

Outras medidas propostas incluem a formação dos profissionais de saúde e dos assistentes sociais sobre os

direitos, a autonomia e as necessidades das mulheres com deficiência, bem como um controlo mais rigoroso

dos estabelecimentos para pessoas com deficiência por parte de organismos independentes.

A Deputada Edite Estrela (PS) participou neste debate com a seguinte intervenção:

Thank you, Mr Chairman.

Dear colleagues,

Today we commemorate the anniversary of the International Day of the Girl. I am

proud to have worked with the United Nations when I was a member of the European

Parliament to create the International Day of the Girl.

The inequality associated with being born a woman will only end when we

succeed in achieving the right to education and health, and the abolition of harmful

practices such as female genital mutilation and early marriage.

Without wishing to bore you, allow me to quote a few figures:

– Worldwide, one in five girls gives birth before the age of 18.

– 40 % of pregnancies are unplanned, many of them the result of rape.

– It is estimated that between 100 and 140 million women have been subjected to female genital mutilation.

– Every day, more than 30 000 girls are forcibly married.

– More than 30 million girls of school age do not attend school.

– Girls are the most vulnerable to poverty.

Imagine the vulnerability of women and girls with disabilities.

The report by Ms Béatrice FRESKO-ROLFO, whom I congratulate, draws our attention to the invisibility of

women and girls with disabilities, highlighting the many human rights violations to which they are subjected.

Just as we have witnessed in recent years a setback on the road to equality between women and men, largely

due to the pandemic, but not only, so we have seen the growing visibility of the problems affecting women and

girls. But whil they are increasingly obvious, the intersectionalities that push people towards inhumane systems

of treatment are less and less debated. Disability is one such intersectionality.

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Among the recommendations proposed in the resolution, I would like to highlight the following: the fight against

domestic violence; the prohibition of forced sterilisations or abortions; guaranteed compensation for the victims

of these practices; the right of access to justice and protective measures; and the encouragement of the

participation of women with disabilities in political life.

For all these reasons, I consider today to be a good day to raise the world's awareness of gender equality and

violence issues, as well as to call for reflection on the prejudices and stereotypes that hinder the education and

personal lives of girls, placing them in a situation of inequality and profound vulnerability, especially those who

suffer from some type of disability.

Thank you very much.

Debate conjunto, 12 de outubro

O papel do Conselho da Europa na prevenção de conflitos, no restabelecimento da credibilidade das

instituições internacionais e na promoção da paz mundial/Garantir uma paz justa na Ucrânia e uma segurança

duradoura na Europa

No debate conjunto, os membros da Assembleia Parlamentar sublinharam que o preço da guerra será

sempre muito mais elevado do que o da sua prevenção. No entanto, após um declínio gradual, o número de

conflitos armados no mundo começou a aumentar novamente em 2010. Atualmente, estão em curso cerca de

35 conflitos e a ordem internacional foi colocada sob uma ameaça existencial em resultado da agressão russa

contra a Ucrânia. Referiram ainda que o Conselho da Europa é um projeto de paz que visa abordar, de forma

estrutural e sistemática, as causas profundas das tensões e disputas antes que estas degenerem em conflitos.

Neste novo contexto de segurança de risco, o Conselho da Europa deveria «desenvolver instrumentos adicionais

para promover a segurança democrática, incluindo uma política de segurança democrática comum destinada a

intensificar os esforços do Conselho da Europa em matéria de proteção e reforço da segurança internacional».

Esta política deverá «assegurar que os sistemas de alerta precoce e as medidas de criação de confiança

sejam plenamente utilizados, melhorar os processos de elaboração de políticas, reforçar a responsabilização e

ajudar a prevenir futuros conflitos». Esta política deverá ser desenvolvida e aplicada no âmbito do mandato

jurídico e político do Conselho da Europa, em complementaridade com as atividades de outras organizações

internacionais competentes neste domínio.

A Resolução adotada, com base no relatório elaborado pela Deputada Lesia Vasylenko (Ucrânia, ALDE),

pede também aos «46» que «se empenhem na resolução pacífica de litígios», reconhecendo como obrigatória

a jurisdição dos tribunais internacionais. Os parlamentares devem iniciar um diálogo com o objetivo de consolidar

posições sobre a reforma das instituições de segurança fundamentais, em particular o Conselho de Segurança

das Nações Unidas, e prosseguir uma política ativa e concertada para iniciar a mudança.

O Deputado Paulo Pisco (PS) foi designado pelo Grupo político SOC para representar o Grupo com a

seguinte intervenção:

Dear collegues,

The war against Ukraine can not last for eternity. At some point, it must finish,

and we should effectively start paving the way for peace and stability in our

continent. That vital task requires the same energy and creativity that we have put

in to create the United Nations, European Union and the Council of Europe, to

ensure lasting peace, security, democracy, and prosperity.

This report reminds us that, in spite of the dangerous turbulence in several parts

of the world, the support to Ukraine must remain a priority of our political, diplomatic,

financial, and humanitarian efforts.

To reach those objectives, we should not accommodate to the idea that this war

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could still last some years. Some years is a long time. Because of all geopolitical changes, this could be dramatic

and destroy all efforts already made until now. On other hand, we must not face any other possibility than a clear

victory of Ukraine, in a context of recuperation of all the illegally occupied territories, to guarantee a future with

peace, security, and respect for the values inscribed in the United Nations Charter.

Of course, there are some other previous conditions. Those responsible for the war crimes in Russia and

Belarus, including the possibility of the crime of genocide, must be judged and condemned. It's imperative.

Otherwise, if its perpetrators remain in impunity, all dictators will feel confident to invade their neighbours.

There will not be a lasting peace and security without the due reparations, namely with an effective and

comprehensive compensation mechanism for human and material damages, under the framework of the already

decided register of damage.

Dear colleagues,

I also believe that for a lasting peace, all Ukrainian children deported or forcefully displaced to Russia or to

temporarily occupied territories must return to their families. There still are thousands of children whose

whereabouts are unknown and who are being submitted to an unacceptable process of Russification. In spite of

the arrest warrant issued by the International Criminal Court against Vladimir Putin and Maria Lvova Belova, the

Russian Federation is still deporting and displacing children forcibly.

In line with the relevant report approved last April on this subject and the recent positions of the Committee of

Ministers of the Council of Europe, all possible pressure must be put on Russia to stop deporting children and

allow all those who have been stolen to return to their families.

To finish, let me stress that this report also gives an important step for an historical reparation, recognising

the Great Famine (the Holodomor) as an act of genocide intended to destroy the Ukrainian nation, identity,

language, and culture, honouring, though, its victims.

Thank you.

Debate conjunto, 13 de outubro

O debate conjunto sobre «Prevenir os comportamentos aditivos nas crianças» e «Preservar a saúde mental

e o bem-estar das crianças e dos jovens adultos» teve lugar no último dia da Sessão.

Na resolução adotada, com base no relatório da Deputada Diana Stoica (Roménia, ALDE), os membros da

Assembleia Parlamentar declararam que os comportamentos aditivos nas crianças podem ter um impacto

«desastroso» na sua saúde mental e física e no seu desenvolvimento, sublinhou a PACE, apelando a novas

políticas inovadoras para prevenir a dependência precoce, mais investigação, uma melhor cooperação com a

indústria digital, a proibição da venda de substâncias psicoativas e de álcool às crianças e a limitação do seu

acesso aos jogos de azar em linha.

Refere ainda que «As crianças são vulneráveis à toxicodependência porque estão numa fase de formação

da sua personalidade. Por isso, precisam particularmente de ser protegidas pelos pais, pelos profissionais que

trabalham com elas e pelos decisores políticos. Dada a atual falta de capacidade de resposta ou a inadequação

das políticas de combate a este flagelo, é necessário que os Estados intensifiquem a investigação e as práticas

inovadoras no domínio da prevenção».

A Assembleia recomendou ainda que o Comité de Ministros e o Grupo Pompidou – o grupo de peritos do

Conselho da Europa em matéria de luta contra a toxicodependência – realizem estudos sobre o consumo de

cannabis entre as crianças, as dependências comportamentais facilitadas pelas tecnologias em linha e a

prevalência do consumo de novas substâncias psicoativas pelas crianças.

A Resolução sobre «Preservar a saúde mental e o bem-estar das crianças e dos jovens adultos», adotada

com base no relatório do Deputado Simon Moutquin (Bélgica, SOC), propõe um conjunto de medidas destinadas

a dar resposta a outras preocupações que afetam a saúde mental dos jovens (como as desigualdades

socioeconómicas ou a precariedade do emprego) e a salvaguardar a sua saúde mental em caso de emergência

de saúde pública ou de período de confinamento.

Segundo a APCE, a pandemia de COVID-19 teve um «efeito devastador» na saúde mental e no bem-estar

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das crianças e dos jovens adultos, que também foram afetados por fenómenos como a crise financeira global,

a crise do custo de vida, as incertezas no mercado de trabalho, a guerra na Europa, o agravamento da crise

climática e a transição digital.

Neste contexto, a APCE recomenda «a integração da saúde mental nos sistemas nacionais de saúde,

especialmente nos serviços de saúde primários e comunitários», sublinhando que «não há saúde sem saúde

mental». Recomendou também que os Estados-Membros descentralizem os serviços de saúde para que as

pessoas tenham acesso a cuidados de saúde mental atempados onde quer que vivam, assegurando

simultaneamente que estes serviços sejam acessíveis às pessoas, independentemente da sua situação

socioeconómica, origem étnica, orientação sexual, identidade de género ou estatuto jurídico.

A APCE também recomendou que os parlamentos nacionais capacitem as crianças e os jovens a participar

nos processos de elaboração de políticas.

Por último, os parlamentares sublinharam que os cuidados de saúde mental devem ser prestados numa base

voluntária e respeitar a autonomia da pessoa que recebe os cuidados, acrescentando que «qualquer decisão

do Comité de Ministros deve refletir este imperativo de direitos humanos e ser tomada em conformidade com a

Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre os Direitos das Pessoas com Deficiência».

No âmbito do debate, o Deputado Pedro Cegonho (PS) fez a seguinte intervenção:

Thank you, Madam President, for the floor.

First, I want to congratulate the rapporteurs for this work and for the draft

resolutions and recommendations presented.

Let me propose to look for a different perspective: how local authorities can also

promote healthy lifestyles and prevent addictive behaviours in children through

education, awareness, and community action.

To illustrate the role of local and regional authorities in prevention and control

of non-communicable diseases, which are often linked to addictive behaviours

such as smoking, drinking, and unhealthy eating, we can also discuss the challenges and barriers that local

authorities face in implementing effective policies and interventions, such as lack of resources, co-ordination, and

co-operation with other sectors and levels of government.

The role of local authorities can also reduce the harm and crime associated with drug addiction in children

with prevention, treatment, and recovery services.

We can see local authorities working with national and international partners to cut off the supply of drugs,

support people with drug addiction to access treatment and recovery, and address the root causes and

consequences of drug addiction.

We can also analyse the impact and the effectiveness of a plan on reducing drug-related harm and crime in

local communities.

On the other side, local authorities can also regulate the availability and the marketing of alcohol and other

addictive substances to children through pricing policies, licensing schemes, and enforcement measures.

In that example, we can demonstrate how local authorities can work with stakeholders from health, social

care, justice, education, and community sectors to reduce the availability and demand of alcohol and drugs,

especially among young people.

We must always evaluate the outcomes and benefits of the partnership actions on improving health and well-

being, reducing inequalities and enhancing safety in the cities.

Thank you, Madam President.

De referir ainda:

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Reunião conjunta da Rede de Parlamentares para um Ambiente Saudável e o Grupo Women@PACE

No dia 10 de outubro, sob a

presidência da Deputada Edite

Estrela (Portugal, SOC), Presidente

da Rede, e da Deputada Petra Bayr

(Áustria, SOC), membro do Bureau

do Grupo Women@PACE, no

âmbito do outubro Rosa, a Rede de

Parlamentares para um Ambiente

Saudável e o grupo Women@PACE

realizaram uma troca de pontos de vista sobre «O cancro da mama e o direito a um ambiente saudável».

A professora Carole Mathelin, obstetra-ginecologista,

Vice-Presidente da Sociedade Internacional de Senologia

para a Europa e Chefe da Comissão de Senologia do

Colégio Nacional dos Ginecologistas Franceses, procurou

estabelecer a relação entre o ambiente e o cancro da mama,

com base num estudo que realizou.

Os participantes abordaram igualmente a questão de

saber se a garantia de um ambiente saudável reduziria o

risco de cancro da mama.

Presidência da Sessão Plenária (13 de outubro)

Na qualidade de Vice-Presidente da Assembleia Parlamentar do Conselho

da Europa, a Presidente da Delegação portuguesa, Deputada Edite Estrela,

presidiu à Sessão, na manhã do dia 13 de outubro, durante o debate conjunto

sobre «Prevenir os comportamentos aditivos nas crianças» e «Preservar a

saúde mental e o bem-estar das crianças e dos jovens adultos» e «Preservar

a saúde mental e o bem-estar das crianças e dos jovens adultos».

Apresentação e discussão do Relatório de Atividades do Bureau e da Comissão Permanente, pelo

Deputado Mr Aleksander Pociej (Polónia, PPE/CD) – (Doc. 15626), nos dias 9 e a 13 de outubro.

Prémio Václav Havel dos Direitos Humanos 2023

Nodia 9 de outubro, teve lugar a Cerimónia de Entrega do Prémio Václav Havel de Direitos Humanos de

2023, que homenageia defensores dos direitos humanos. O 11.º Prémio Václav Havel para os Direitos Humanos,

que recompensa ações notáveis da sociedade civil em prol dos direitos humanos, foi atribuído a Osman Kavala,

um defensor dos direitos humanos, filantropo e ativista da sociedade civil turca que se encontra atualmente na

prisão. Numa carta escrita a partir da prisão e lida pela sua mulher Ayşe, Kavala disse estar honrado com a

decisão do júri e dedicou o Prémio aos seus «concidadãos ilegalmente mantidos na prisão». O prémio recorda-

lhe as palavras de Václav Havel, que escreveu à sua mulher Olga, da prisão, em 1980: «O mais importante é

não perder a esperança. Isto não significa fechar os olhos aos horrores do mundo. De facto, só aqueles que não

perderam a fé e a esperança podem ver os horrores do mundo com verdadeira clareza».

Debate de atualidade

Teve lugar um debate de atualidade sobre «a situação no Norte do Kosovo na sequência do recente ataque

e a necessidade de inverter a escalada». Lorde David Blencathra (Reino Unido, CE/DA) abriu o debate, que

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contou com a participação de 28 oradores.

Comissões e subcomissões

Os membros da Delegação participaram nas seguintes reuniões das respetivas comissões e subcomissões:

• Comissão de Assuntos Políticos e Democracia – Deputada Edite Estrela (PS) e Deputado Paulo Moniz

(PSD), nos dias 9, 10, 11 e 12 de outubro;

• Comissão de Assuntos Jurídicos e Direitos Humanos – Deputadas Isabel Moreira (PS) e Catarina

Rocha Ferreira (PSD), nos dias 9, 10, 11 e 12 de outubro;

• CPT – Comité Europeu para a Prevenção da Tortura e das Penas ou Tratamentos Desumanos

ou Degradantes

Na qualidade de Presidente da Delegação portuguesa, a Deputada Edite Estrela esteve presente na

reunião da Subcomissão dos Direitos Humanos, da Comissão de Assuntos Jurídicos e Direitos

Humanos, no dia 10 de outubro, onde teve lugar a avaliação da lista de candidatos apresentada pelo

Governo português para o Representante de Portugal no Comité Europeu para a Prevenção da Tortura

e das Penas ou Tratamentos Desumanos ou Degradantes (CPT). A Presidente da Delegação

esclareceu qual o critério de seleção utilizado pelo Ministério da Justiça para a seleção dos três

candidatos. A Subcomissão analisou a lista e acordou sobre a ordem de preferência dos candidatos e

enviou a sua recomendação ao Comité de Ministros.

• Comissão de Assuntos Sociais, Saúde e Desenvolvimento Sustentável – Deputado Pedro Cegonho

(PS) e Deputado Nuno Carvalho (PSD), no dia 12 de outubro.

O Deputado Pedro Cegonho (PS) foi designado representante da Comissão, na Cerimónia de entrega

do Prémio Norte-Sul do Conselho da Europa, a ter lugar na Assembleia da República, no dia 14 de

dezembro de 2023.

Rede de Parlamentares de Referência para um Ambiente Saudável

Os membros da Rede ouviram uma declaração da Deputada Edite Estrela (Portugal, SOC), Presidente

da Rede, sobre as reuniões realizadas em Paris, a 18 de setembro de 2023, e em Estrasburgo, a 10 de

outubro de 2023.

No seguimento da Cimeira de Reiquiavique: perspetivas oferecidas pelo «Processo de Reiquiavique»,

incluindo a criação de uma Comissão Intergovernamental para o Ambiente e os Direitos Humanos

(Comissão de Reiquiavique), teve lugar uma troca de pontos de vista com o Secretário-Geral Adjunto

do Conselho da Europa, Bjørn Berge, e o Diretor-Geral dos Direitos Humanos e do Estado de Direito do

Conselho da Europa, Christos Giakoumopoulos.

Os membros da Rede debateram ainda o Programa de trabalho e respetivas prioridades.

• Comissão de Migrações, Refugiados e Deslocados Internos – Deputado Paulo Pisco (PS), nos dias 9,

10 e 12 de outubro;

• Comissão ad hoc do Bureau sobre a situação das crianças da Ucrânia

O Deputado Paulo Pisco (Portugal, SOC) foi designado para integrar a Comissão ad hoc cuja reunião

teria lugar em Paris, no dia 15 de dezembro de 2023.

• Subcomissão das Diásporas e da Integração

O Deputado Paulo Pisco (PS)presidiu à reunião da Subcomissão, no dia 9 de outubro, tendo tido lugar a

eleição de um Vice-Presidente da Subcomissão, tendo elegido, por unanimidade, o Deputado Lorde Leslie

Griffiths (Reino Unido, SOC).

Da agenda da reunião salienta-se a troca de impressões com a participação de António Raúl Reis,

fundador e diretor do jornal Bom dia, um meio de comunicação em linha para as comunidades lusófonas

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na Europa, e presidente da Plataforma, associação que representa os órgãos de comunicação social

portugueses no estrangeiro, sobre «As diásporas e o acesso aos media e aos meios de comunicação

social».

• Comissão de Cultura, Ciência, Educação e Media – Deputada Catarina Rocha Ferreira (PSD), Deputado

Nuno Carvalho (PSD) e Deputado Paulo Moniz (PSD), nos dias 11 de outubro;

• Comissão da Igualdade e da Não Discriminação – Deputadas Edite Estrela (PS) e Isabel Moreira (PS),

nos dias 11 e 12 de outubro;

• Comissão para o Respeito das Obrigações e Deveres dos Estados-membros do Conselho da Europa

(Suivi/Monitoring) – Deputada Edite Estrela (PS), nos dias 10 e 12 de outubro.

Relatórios em preparação nas Comissões pelos Deputados da Delegação portuguesa:

o Comissão de Assuntos Políticos e Democracia – Deputada Isabel Meirelles (PSD), relatora sobre

Promoting the revised Code of Good Practice on Referendums (Doc. 15691)

o Comissão de Assuntos Sociais, Saúde e Desenvolvimento Sustentável – Pedro Cegonho (PS), Relator

sobre Safeguarding future rights for future generations (Doc. 15513)

o Comissão de Cultura, Ciência, Educação e Media – Deputada Catarina Rocha Ferreira (PSD), relatora

sobrePublic regulation of the freedom of expression in digital platforms(Doc. 15555)

o Comissão para o Respeito das Obrigações e Deveres dos Estados-membros do Conselho da Europa

(Suivi/Monitoring) – Deputada Edite Estrela (PS), relatora sobre The honouring of obligations and

commitments by Georgia.

Parlamentares de Referência:

Rede Parlamentar pelo direito a um ambiente saudável:

– Deputada Edite Estrela (PS), Presidente

– Deputado Pedro Cegonho (PS)

A Rede de Parlamentares de Referência para um Ambiente Saudável foi lançada em janeiro de 2022, na

sequência da adoção da Resolução 2399 (2021), intitulada «Crise climática e Estado de direito», com base no

Relatório da Deputada Edite Estrela, debatido na Sessão Plenária de 29 de setembro de 2021.

Comité Misto – A Deputada Edite Estrela (PS), Presidente da Delegação e Vice-Presidente da Assembleia

Parlamentar, participou na reunião, que teve lugar no dia 10 de outubro. A ordem de trabalhos da reunião, que

decorreu à porta fechada, centrou-se essencialmente nos direitos humanos e na situação humanitária dos

arménios de Karabakh e as obrigações internacionais do Azerbaijão.

Grupos políticos

Os vários membros da Delegação participaram nas reuniões dos diversos grupos políticos da Assembleia

Parlamentar, nos dias 9 e 11 de outubro.

Encontros

Candidatos a Comissário Europeu dos direitos Humanos

Os membros da Delegação portuguesa presentes em Estrasburgo receberam, no dia 10 de outubro, o

candidato ao cargo de Comissário dos Direitos Humanos, Dr. Michael O’Flaherty, para apresentação da sua

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candidatura.

Delegação do Kosovo

A pedido da Delegação do Kosovo*, teve ainda lugar um encontro entre os membros da Delegação

portuguesa com membros da Delegação do Kosovo, no dia 10 de outubro. Esta reunião teve como objetivo o

reforço da cooperação e, naturalmente, falar sobre a eventual adesão do Kosovo ao Conselho da Europa, bem

como sobre outros desenvolvimentos considerados relevantes.

Qualquer referência ao Kosovo, seja ao seu território, às suas instituições ou à sua população, deve ser

entendida no pleno respeito da Resolução 1244, do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas, e sem prejuízo

do estatuto do Kosovo.

Outras reuniões:

O Deputado Pedro Cegonho (PS) e a signatária reuniram no dia 9 de outubro, com a Chefe do Secretariado

da Comissão de Assuntos Sociais, Saúde e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, para tratar de questões relativas à

organização de uma visita de trabalho a Portugal entre 20 e 22 de novembro, do Deputado Stefan Schennach,

membro da Delegação da Áustria à APCE, SOC, e relator da Comissão de Assuntos Sociais, Saúde e

Desenvolvimento Sustentável sobre «Detenção dos “socialmente inadaptados”», considerando o nosso País um

exemplo de boas práticas, tanto no que diz respeito à desinstitucionalização de pessoas com problemas de

saúde mental como de toxicodependentes.

Reunião de Secretários das Delegações Nacionais

A reunião com Secretária-Geral da APCE, Despina Chatzivassiliou-Tsovilis, que habitualmente antecede a

Sessão Plenária, teve lugar no dia 10 de outubro, destacando-se da ordem de trabalhos os seguintes pontos:

• Apresentação do Projeto de Ordem de Trabalhos da 4.ª Parte da Sessão Plenária de 2023 (procedimentos

a adotar durante a Sessão Plenária: eleições, temas em debate, oradores, tempos de intervenção,

inscrições online, medidas sanitárias, etc.), cerimónia de entrega do Prémio Václav Havel e reunião do

Comité Misto;

• Reunião da Comissão Permanente, Vaduz, Liechtenstein, 28 de novembro;

• Atividades de cooperação 2023.

Realça-se ainda o excelente apoio da Missão Permanente junto do Conselho da Europa, nomeadamente do

Representante Permanente, Embaixador Gilberto Jerónimo, e dos seus colaboradores.

Palácio de São Bento, 16 de fevereiro de 2024.

A Assessora Parlamentar, Ana Maria Guapo.

ANEXOS

Anexo 1 – Ordem de trabalhos da Sessão Plenária;

Anexo 2 – Documentos adotados durante a Sessão Plenária.

* Em conformidade com a decisão do Bureau de 5 de setembro de 2016, ratificada pela Assembleia em 10 de outubro de 2016, que aplica o n.º 13 da Resolução 2094 (2016) da Assembleia Parlamentar sobre «A situação no Kosovo* e o papel do Conselho da Europa».

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Doc. 1582211 October 2023

Fourth part of the 2023 Ordinary Session (9-13 October 2023)

Agenda1

The plenary sittings will be held in the European Parliament Hemicycle.

1. Adopted by the Assembly on 9 October 2023.

https://pace.coe.int

https://pace.coe.int

Anexo 1 – Ordem de trabalhos da Sessão Plenária

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AbbreviationsBur: Bureau of the AssemblyPer: Standing CommitteePol: Committee on Political Affairs and DemocracyJur: Committee on Legal Affairs and Human RightsSoc: Committee on Social Affairs, Health and Sustainable DevelopmentMig: Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced PersonsCult: Committee on Culture, Science, Education and MediaEga: Committee on Equality and Non-DiscriminationMon: Committee on the Honouring of Obligations and Commitments by Member States of the Council of Europe (Monitoring Committee)Pro: Committee on Rules of Procedure, Immunities and Institutional AffairsCdh: Committee on the Election of Judges to the European Court of Human Rights

SOC: Socialists, Democrats and Greens GroupEPP/CD: Group of the European People's PartyALDE: Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for EuropeEC/DA: European Conservatives Group and Democratic AllianceUEL: Group of the Unified European LeftNR: Members not belonging to a political group

Symbols0 Presentation, statement¹ Deadline for tabling documents4 Lists (speakers, questions)% Votes

Meetings outside the Chamber

Joint CommitteeTuesday: 14:00-15:00

Bureau of the AssemblyMonday: 08:00-09:30Friday: 08:00-09:30

CommitteesMonday: 13:00-14:00Tuesday: 08:30-10:30Tuesday: 10:30-12:30Wednesday: 10:30-12:30Thursday: 08:30-10:30Thursday: 10:30-12:30

Political groupsMonday: 09:30-12:00Monday: 18:00-19:30Wednesday: 08:30-10:30

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Monday 9 October 2023

Sitting No. 20 (14:30-17:30)

1. Opening of the part-session1.1. Statement by the President

1.2. Examination of credentials0 List of delegations:

o (Doc. 15839)

1.3. Election of a Vice-President of the Assembly in respect of Türkiye (AS/Inf (2023) 02 rev2)

1.4. Changes in the membership of committees (Commissions (2023) 07 + Add.)

1.5. Requests for debate:1.5.1. Urgent procedure debate: "Humanitarian situation in Nagorno-Karabakh"

1.5.2. Urgent procedure debate: "Call for the immediate release of Osman Kavala"

1.5.3. Current affairs debate: "Migrants’ deaths at sea"

1.5.4. Urgent procedure debate: "Ensuring a just peace in Ukraine and lasting security in Europe"

1.5.5. Current affairs debate: "Escalation of violence in the Middle-East following the recent Hamas attack on Israel"

1.5.6. Current affairs debate: "The situation in the North of Kosovo* following the recent attack and the need for de-escalation"2

1.6. Adoption of the agenda

2. Prize Award Ceremony (15:00-15:30)2.1. Václav Havel Human Rights Prize3

3. Debate3.1. Progress report of the Bureau and the Standing Committee

0 Presentation by:o Mr Aleksander POCIEJ (Poland, EPP/CD), Rapporteur AS/Bur (Doc. 15834,Doc. 15834 Add 1, Doc. 15834 Add 2)

3.2. Observation of the early parliamentary elections in Montenegro (11 June 2023)0 Presentation by:

o Mr Reinhold LOPATKA (Austria, EPP/CD), Rapporteur AS/Bur (Doc. 15820)4 List of speakers (deadline for registration: Monday 9 October, 12:00)

4. Current affairs debate4.1. The situation in the North of Kosovo* following the recent attack and the need for de-

escalation4 List of speakers (deadline for registration: Monday 9 October, 15:00)

2. * All reference to Kosovo, whether to the territory, institutions or population, in this text shall be understood in fullcompliance with United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244 and without prejudice to the status of Kosovo.3. See separate programme, AS/Inf (2023) 09.

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Tuesday 10 October 2023

Sitting No. 21 (15:30-20:00)

5. Question time (15:30-16:00)5.1. Ms Marija PEJČINOVIĆ BURIĆ, Secretary General of the Council of Europe4 Questions (deadline for registration: Monday 9 October, 16:30)

6. Debate6.1. The challenge of far-right ideology to democracy and human rights in Europe

0 Presentation by:o Mr Samad SEYIDOV (Azerbaijan, EC/DA), Rapporteur AS/Pol (Doc. 15826)

4 List of speakers (deadline for registration: Monday 9 October, 16:30)¹ Amendments (deadline for tabling: Friday 6 October, 15:30)% Vote on a draft resolution (Doc. 15826)

7. Debate7.1. The honouring of membership obligations to the Council of Europe by France

0 Presentation by:o Ms Yelyzaveta YASKO (Ukraine, EPP/CD), Co-Rapporteur AS/Mon (Doc. 15833)o Ms Fiona O'LOUGHLIN (Ireland, ALDE), Co-Rapporteur AS/Mon (Doc. 15833)

4 List of speakers (deadline for registration: Monday 9 October, 16:30)¹ Amendments (deadline for tabling: Friday 6 October, 15:30)% Vote on a draft resolution (Doc. 15833)

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Wednesday 11 October 2023

Sitting No. 22 (14:30-20:00)

8. Address (14:30-15:30)8.1. Communication from the Committee of Ministers

0 Presentation by:o Mr Krišjānis KARIŅŠ, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Latvia and President of the Committeeof Ministers

4 Questions (deadline for registration: Tuesday 10 October, 19:00)

9. Current affairs debate9.1. Escalation of violence in the Middle-East following the recent Hamas attack on Israel4 List of speakers (deadline for registration: Tuesday 10 October, 19:00)

10. Debate10.1. Pegasus and similar spyware and secret state surveillance

0 Presentation by:o Mr Pieter OMTZIGT (Netherlands, EPP/CD), Rapporteur AS/Jur (Doc. 15825)

4 List of speakers (deadline for registration: Tuesday 10 October, 19:00)¹ Amendments (deadline for tabling: Monday 9 October, 14:30)% Votes on a draft resolution and a draft recommendation (Doc. 15825)

11. Debate11.1. Preventing and combating violence against women with disabilities

0 Presentation by:o Ms Béatrice FRESKO-ROLFO (Monaco, ALDE), Rapporteur AS/Ega (Doc. 15828)

4 List of speakers (deadline for registration: Tuesday 10 October, 19:00)¹ Amendments (deadline for tabling: Monday 9 October, 14:30)% Vote on a draft resolution (Doc. 15828)

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Thursday 12 October 2023

Sitting No. 23 (14:30-20:00)

12. Address (14:30-15:30)12.1. Mr Didier REYNDERS, European Commissioner for Justice4 Questions (deadline for registration: Wednesday 11 October, 19:00)

13. Joint debate under urgent procedure13.1. The role of the Council of Europe in preventing conflicts, restoring credibility of

international institutions and promoting global peace0 Presentation by:

o Ms Lesia VASYLENKO (Ukraine, ALDE), Rapporteur AS/Pol (Doc. 15821)o Mr Claude KERN (France, ALDE), Rapporteur for opinion AS/Mon (Doc. 15824)

13.2. Ensuring a just peace in Ukraine and lasting security in Europe0 Presentation by:

o Mr Iulian BULAI (Romania, ALDE), Rapporteur AS/Pol (Doc. 15842)4 List of speakers (deadline for registration: Wednesday 11 October, 19:00)¹ Amendments (deadline for tabling: Wednesday 11 October, 14:30)% Votes on a draft resolution and a draft recommendation (Doc. 15821)% Vote on a draft resolution (Doc. 15842)

14. Debate under urgent procedure14.1. Humanitarian situation in Nagorno-Karabakh

0 Presentation by:o Mr Domagoj HAJDUKOVIĆ (Croatia, SOC), Rapporteur AS/Mig (Doc. 15840)

4 List of speakers (deadline for registration: Wednesday 11 October, 19:00)¹ Amendments (deadline for tabling: Wednesday 11 October, 14:30)% Votes on a draft resolution and a draft recommendation (Doc. 15840)

15. Debate under urgent procedure15.1. Call for the immediate release of Osman Kavala

0 Presentation by:o Ms Petra BAYR (Austria, SOC), Rapporteur AS/Jur (Doc. 15841)

4 List of speakers (deadline for registration: Wednesday 11 October, 19:00)¹ Amendments (deadline for tabling: Wednesday 11 October, 14:30)% Votes on a draft resolution and a draft recommendation (Doc. 15841)

Debate¹ Amendments (deadline for tabling: Tuesday 10 October, 14:30)

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Friday 13 October 2023

Sitting No. 24 (10:00-13:00)

16. Debate16.1. Examining the legitimacy and legality of the ad hominem term-limit waiver for the

incumbent President of the Russian Federation0 Presentation by:

o Mr Pieter OMTZIGT (Netherlands, EPP/CD), Rapporteur AS/Jur (Doc. 15827)4 List of speakers (deadline for registration: Thursday 12 October, 19:00)¹ Amendments (deadline for tabling: Wednesday 11 October, 10:00)% Vote on a draft resolution (Doc. 15827)

17. Joint debate17.1. Preventing addictive behaviours in children

0 Presentation by:o Ms Diana STOICA (Romania, ALDE), Rapporteur AS/Soc (Doc. 15830)

17.2. Mental health and well-being of children and young adults0 Presentation by:

o Mr Simon MOUTQUIN (Belgium, SOC), Rapporteur AS/Soc (Doc. 15829)4 List of speakers (deadline for registration: Thursday 12 October, 19:00)¹ Amendments (deadline for tabling: Wednesday 11 October, 10:00)% Votes on a draft resolution and a draft recommendation (Doc. 15830)% Votes on a draft resolution and a draft recommendation (Doc. 15829)

18. Debate18.1. The humanitarian crisis emerging for Afghanistan and Afghan refugees

0 Presentation by:o Mr Birgir THÓRARINSSON (Iceland, EPP/CD), Rapporteur AS/Mig (Doc. 15831)

4 List of speakers (deadline for registration: Thursday 12 October, 19:00)¹ Amendments (deadline for tabling: Wednesday 11 October, 10:00)% Vote on a draft resolution (Doc. 15831)

19. Progress report (continued)19.1. Progress report of the Bureau and the Standing Committee (continued)

0 Addendum:o (Doc. 15834 Add 3)

20. Closure of the part-session

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F – 67075 Strasbourg Cedex | Tel: + 33 3 88 41 2000 |

2023 ORDINARY SESSION

Fourth part

9 – 13 October 2023

TEXTS ADOPTED

BY THE ASSEMBLY

Provisional versions

Anexo 2 – Documentos adotados durante a Sessão Plenária

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Table of contents

Recommendations

Recommendation 2258 (2023) Pegasus and similar spyware and secret state surveillance (Doc. 15825)

Recommendation 2259 (2023) The role of the Council of Europe in preventing conflicts, restoring credibility of international institutions and promoting global peace (Doc. 15821)

Recommendation 2260 (2023) Humanitarian situation in Nagorno-Karabakh (Doc. 15840)

Recommendation 2261 (2023) Call for the immediate release of Osman Kavala (Doc. 15841)

Recommendation 2262 (2023) Preventing addictive behaviours in children (Doc. 15830)

Recommendation 2263 (2023) Mental health and well-being of children and young adults (Doc. 15829)

Resolutions

Resolution 2511 (2023) The challenge of far-right ideology to democracy and human rights in Europe (Doc. 15826)

Resolution 2512 (2023) The honouring of membership obligations to the Council of Europe by France (Doc. 15833)

Resolution 2513 (2023) Pegasus and similar spyware and secret state surveillance (Doc. 15825)

Resolution 2514 (2023) Preventing and combating violence against women with disabilities (Doc. 15828)

Resolution 2515 (2023) The role of the Council of Europe in preventing conflicts, restoring credibility of international institutions and promoting global peace (Doc. 15821)

Resolution 2516 (2023) Ensuring a just peace in Ukraine and lasting security in Europe (Doc. 15842)

Resolution 2517 (2023) Humanitarian situation in Nagorno-Karabakh (Doc. 15840)

Resolution 2518 (2023) Call for the immediate release of Osman Kavala (Doc. 15841)

Resolution 2519 (2023) Examining the legitimacy and legality of the ad hominem term-limit waiver for the incumbent President of the Russian Federation (Doc. 15827)

Resolution 2520 (2023) Preventing addictive behaviours in children (Doc. 15830)

Resolution 2521 (2023) Mental health and well-being of children and young adults (Doc. 15829)

Resolution 2522 (2023) The humanitarian crisis emerging for Afghanistan and Afghan refugees (Doc. 15831)

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Recommendation 2258 (2023)1Provisional version

Pegasus and similar spyware and secret state surveillance

Parliamentary Assembly

1. The Parliamentary Assembly refers to Resolution 2513 (2023) “Pegasus and similar spyware andsecret state surveillance” and recommends that the Committee of Ministers:

1.1. adopt a recommendation to member States of the Council of Europe on secret surveillance and human rights, particularly in the light of the threats posed by new surveillance technologies and spyware, taking due account of the highest international standards, the case law of the European Court of Human Rights and Protocol amending the Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data (CETS No. 223, “Convention 108+”). The recommendation should focus on:

1.1.1. the conditions for the acquisition of spyware by member States’ government bodies and agencies;

1.1.2. the conditions for the use of spyware technologies for law enforcement and national security purposes;

1.1.3. the conditions for the sale and export of spyware technologies to third countries;

1.1.4. authorisation procedures, judicial supervision and oversight mechanisms, notification mechanisms and remedies applicable to the use of spyware by State authorities;

1.1.5. accountability mechanisms in cases of unlawful use of spyware;

1.1.6. human rights due diligence standards for spyware companies;

1.1.7. the transnational aspect of digital surveillance and the use of spyware;

1.1.8. the role of national parliaments;

1.2. examine the feasibility of a Council of Europe Convention on the acquisition, use, sale and export of spyware;

1.3. co-ordinate its efforts with other international organisations, including the European Union and the United Nations, in the areas of data protection, targeted surveillance and spyware, for the purposes of standard-setting and co-operation.

1. Assembly debate on 11 October 2023 (22nd sitting) (see Doc. 15825, report of the Committee on Legal Affairs andHuman Rights, rapporteur: Mr Pieter Omtzigt). Text adopted by the Assembly on 11 October 2023 (22nd sitting).

Recommendations 2258 to 2263

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Recommendation 2259 (2023)1Provisional version

The role of the Council of Europe in preventing conflicts, restoring credibility of international institutions and promoting global peace

Parliamentary Assembly

1. Recalling its Resolution 2515 (2023) “The role of the Council of Europe in preventing conflicts, restoringcredibility of international institutions and promoting global peace”, the Parliamentary Assembly believes thatthe Council of Europe should develop additional tools to promote democratic security. While national defenceis explicitly excluded from the scope of responsibility of the Council of Europe, the Organisation plays a crucialrole in strengthening democratic security.

2. The Russian Federation’s aggression against Ukraine, however, is the most recent and one of the mostextreme examples of the limited effectiveness of the current Council of Europe’s mechanisms when it comesto guaranteeing security as a basic precondition for the protection of democracy, human rights and the rule oflaw.

3. To remedy this weakness, the Assembly proposes the creation of a Council of Europe commondemocratic security policy, which would catalyse efforts of the Council of Europe in protecting andstrengthening international security and enhance its impact in this area. The policy should ensure acomprehensive use of early warning and confidence-building measures, improve policy making, strengthenaccountability and prevent future conflicts.

4. In the light of the above, the Assembly invites the Committee of Ministers to consider developing acommon democratic security policy aimed at enhancing the role and impact of the Council of Europe indemocratic security and conflict prevention, and at creating the preconditions for long-lasting peace. Thispolicy should be elaborated and implemented within the legal and political mandate of the Council of Europe,in complementarity with the activities of the other international organisations competent in this field, and inparticular should address the issues of improving the United Nations governing bodies’ decision-makingprocess, enhancing accountability for crimes in accordance with international law and enforcing the duty tomake reparations for internationally wrongful acts.

1. Assembly debate on 12 October 2023 (23rd sitting) (see Doc. 15821, report of the Committee on Political Affairs andDemocracy, rapporteur: Ms Lesia Vasylenko; and Doc. 15824, opinion of the Committee on the Honouring of Obligationsand Commitments by Member States of the Council of Europe (Monitoring Committee), rapporteur: Mr Claude Kern). Textadopted by the Assembly on 12 October 2023 (23rd sitting).

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Recommendation 2260 (2023)1Provisional version

Humanitarian situation in Nagorno-Karabakh

Parliamentary Assembly

1. Referring to Resolution 2517 (2023) “Humanitarian situation in Nagorno-Karabakh”, the ParliamentaryAssembly invites the Committee of Ministers to take urgent measures to address and redress the exodus ofthe almost entire Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh and the critical humanitarian and human rightscrisis affecting them in the months before and immediately after the military operation launched by Azerbaijanon 19 September 2023. It is deeply concerned by a situation which seems, at the very least, to invitesuspicions of many aspects of ethnic cleansing.

2. Regretting that Azerbaijan has not respected the commitment it undertook when it joined the Council ofEurope to peacefully settle the conflict in this region, as stated in Opinion 222 (2000), the Assembly believesthat it is not too late for Azerbaijan to redress the situation and prove its intention towards the Armenianpopulation of Nagorno-Karabakh.

3. To this end, the Assembly requests that the Secretary General and the Committee of Ministers doeverything possible to organise a Council of Europe fact-finding mission to Azerbaijan as swiftly as possible,with the aim of assessing and outlining the measures to be put in place to protect the rights of the Armeniansof this region including those who have sought refuge outside the country, and to ensure the safe return ofthose who so wish. Such on-the-ground fact-finding would help in determining what support the Council ofEurope can provide to this process, including expertise on minority issues and confidence building measures.This process should doubtless include immediate measures to register and protect the property and assets ofthose who are currently seeking refuge outside the country and to facilitate access to relevant international ornational procedures, in particular in Azerbaijan.

4. The Assembly also calls on the Committee of Ministers to:

4.1. establish country monitoring for Azerbaijan under its 1994 Declaration on compliance withcommitments accepted by member States of the Council of Europe;

4.2. consider initiating the complementary joint procedure in response to a serious violation byAzerbaijan of its Statutory and accession commitments.

5. Acknowledging the huge humanitarian crisis which Armenia is facing with the arrival of more than100 600 Armenian refugees, the Assembly welcomes the ongoing fact-finding mission to Armenia by theSpecial Representative of the Secretary General on Migration and Refugees, which aims to determine thesupport which the Organisation could provide to its member State in assisting these refugees.

6. Recognising the gravity of the situation, the Assembly will remain vigilant as to the next measures takenby the Azerbaijani authorities and to the follow-up given to Resolution 2517 (2023), basing itself in particularon the need to ensure full and unambiguous honouring of the international commitments and obligationsentered into by, and incumbent upon Azerbaijan.

1. Assembly debate on 12 October 2023 (23rd sitting) (see Doc. 15840, report of the Committee on Migration, Refugeesand Displaced Persons, rapporteur: Mr Domagoj Hajduković). Text adopted by the Assembly on 12 October 2023(23rd sitting).

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Recommendation 2261 (2023)1Provisional version

Call for the immediate release of Osman Kavala

Parliamentary Assembly

1. The Parliamentary Assembly reiterates that the persistent refusal of a Council of Europe member Stateto implement a judgment of the European Court of Human Rights (“the Court”) notwithstanding an Article46(4) judgment of the Court in infringement proceedings is unprecedented. Moreover, the fact that thisparticular judgment, Osman Kavala v. Turkey, found a violation of Article 18 of the European Convention onHuman Rights (ETS No. 5, “the Convention”) – namely that the proceedings against him constituted a misuseof the criminal justice system, undertaken for the purpose of reducing Osman Kavala to silence, indicates aserious systemic rule of law issue.

2. The Assembly regrets that the Turkish prosecutorial, judicial and executive authorities have been so farunable or unwilling to effectively comply with the judgments of the Court, the rule of law and human rights. TheCouncil of Europe must support Türkiye in improving its processes for respecting the rule of law and humanrights and in particular for implementing the judgments of the Court.

3. The Assembly concludes that country monitoring, focusing on measures to execute judgments of theCourt, should urgently be undertaken to establish a meaningful and effective process for improving thesesystems within Türkiye, with the full and earnest co-operation of the Turkish authorities. This measure isnecessary in light of the wider rule of law concerns patently evident in the Kavala case. This mechanismshould cover the execution of judgments in general and not only the Kavala judgment. It should look at themeans for addressing both the general measures and individual measures necessary to execute Courtjudgments.

4. The Assembly is deeply concerned that the ramifications of this case go beyond Türkiye. Thecontinued, persistent refusal by the Turkish authorities to implement the Court’s judgments in this uniquelyegregious case constitutes a significant risk to the credibility and mission of the Council of Europe as a whole.It is therefore incumbent upon the leaders of the Organisation to intervene to resolve this situation, includingby securing the immediate release of the human rights defender, Osman Kavala.

5. Therefore, the Assembly calls on the Secretary General of the Council of Europe to take all the actionswithin her power to seek to secure the effective implementation of this judgment.

6. It also calls on the Committee of Ministers to:

6.1. establish country monitoring in respect of the execution of judgments of the European Court ofHuman Rights by Türkiye under the 1994 Declaration process. This monitoring should focus on theexecution of both individual measures and general measures and should relate to all judgments againstTürkiye pending implementation, with a particular focus on those indicating significant problems with thesystem of implementing judgments of the Court or concerns for the functioning of the justice systemand the rule of law;

1. Assembly debate on 12 October 2023 (23rd sitting) (see Doc.15841, report of the Committee on Legal Affairs andHuman Rights, rapporteur: Ms Petra Bayr). Text adopted by the Assembly on 12 October 2023 (23rd sitting).

See also Resolution 2518 (2023).

6.2. engage in dialogue at the highest levels, including through engagement by groups of Ministers,Ambassadors, or former high-level politicians, to secure the implementation of the Court’s judgments inparticular through the immediate release of Osman Kavala and to resolve the situation of any othereventual political prisoners in Türkiye.

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Recommendation 2262 (2023)1Provisional version

Preventing addictive behaviours in children

Parliamentary Assembly

1. The Parliamentary Assembly refers to its Resolution 2520 (2023) “Preventing addictive behaviours inchildren” and emphasises the responsibility that lies with member States to guarantee the right of children toenjoy the best possible state of health, including by adopting addiction prevention and treatment measures.The persistence or growth of this problem among children have shown the long-term ineffectiveness of thenational policies and laws in force.

2. Noting that socio-economic difficulties are a major source of stress for children and hence a cause ofdrug use and other addictive behaviours, the Assembly recalls its work on poverty, in particular itsRecommendation 2234 (2002) “Eradicating extreme child poverty in Europe: an international obligation and amoral duty”. It regrets the inadequacy of the Committee of Ministers’ reply in this field and urges it to fullyimplement the recommendation so as to achieve, in Europe, the global goal of eradicating extreme poverty by2030 (United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 1.1), thereby helping to reduce one of the root causes ofaddictions in children.

3. It welcomes the initial activities of the Council of Europe International Cooperation Group on Drugs andAddictions (Pompidou Group) focusing on children and families affected by parental drug use, and the LisbonDeclaration of 13 and 14 December 2022, which incorporated protecting the rights of persons belonging tovulnerable groups and reducing the availability of illegal drugs, as well as preventing addiction to the internetand online gambling, into the priority activities of the Pompidou Group for 2023-2025.

4. In this context, the Assembly invites the Committee of Ministers to ask the governing bodies of thePompidou Group to:

4.1. place emphasis on preventing drug use among children by stepping up their co-operation with other international organisations and civil society, basing their recommendations on validated studies and involving children in their activities. It notes the particular potential benefits of looking into the use of cannabis, which is the drug most used by children. A summary of the consequences of the use of cannabis on the physical and cognitive development of children could serve as a basis for a co-ordinated Europe-wide cannabis prevention policy and an approach taking account of the best interest of the child to the recurring issue of the legalisation or decriminalisation of cannabis possession or use so as to deliver a clear message which will be understood by the entire population and in particular by children;

4.2. focus their work on behavioural addictions facilitated by online technologies and practices, placing emphasis on the study of addictive behaviours in children and related prevention measures, including by proposing indicators making it possible to identify this type of behaviour – indicators which should also be made available in a child-appropriate format, among other things so as to enable children to conduct self-assessments;

1. Assembly debate on 13 October 2023 (24th sitting) (see Doc. 15830, report of the Committee on Social Affairs,Health and Sustainable Development, rapporteur: Ms Diana Stoica). Text adopted by the Assembly on 13 October 2023(24th sitting).

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4.3. conduct studies on the prevalence of the use by children of new psychoactive substances, often synthetic drugs, whether legal or illegal, and to propose appropriate prevention measures, targeting children, parents and health professionals.

5. The Assembly recommends that the Committee of Ministers instruct the Council of Europeintergovernmental sector to devise tools to raise awareness among children of the consequences ofexcessive or addictive use of digital tools and applications, including online betting and gambling, as part ofthe implementation of its Strategy for the Rights of the Child 2022-2027.

6. The Assembly considers it worth developing regional networks in Europe and beyond and extendingthe work carried out in the context of the Mediterranean School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs(MedSPAD) to all the member States of the Pompidou Group, making it thereby possible to survey thespecific national characteristics of adolescent substance use and risk behaviours more broadly. Accordingly, itrecommends that the Committee of Ministers instruct the governing bodies of the Pompidou Group to set up abroader surveying process, covering all addictive behaviours, possibly by region, so as to enable States toexchange good practices based on common indicators concerning adolescents. This survey should includepopulations of younger children.

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Recommendation 2263 (2023)1Provisional version

Mental health and well-being of children and young adults

Parliamentary Assembly

1. The Parliamentary Assembly refers to its Resolution 2521 (2023) “Mental health and well-being ofchildren and young adults”. It is convinced that this topic should be given higher priority in the Council ofEurope member States and underlines the importance of empowering children and young adults in decision-making processes that relate to them, and in particular about their health and well-being.

2. The Assembly commends the work of the drafting group on developing a guide to child participation indecisions regarding their health (BIO/ENF-CP). In this regard, the Assembly recommends that the Committeeof Ministers instruct the drafting group to co-ordinate closely with the World Health Organization (WHO) andother United Nations agencies working on this issue to ensure a harmonised and rights-based approach tomental health, especially for children and young adults.

3. The Assembly moreover recommends that the Committee of Ministers remind the Steering Committeefor Human Rights in the field of Biomedicine and Health (CDBIO) of the firm position of the Assembly, theCommissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe, relevant United Nations agencies and mechanisms(including the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD Committee) and WHO), and ofindependent experts and persons with lived experience against the use of coercion in mental health. Mentalhealthcare must be provided on a voluntary basis and must always respect the autonomy of the personreceiving care. Any decisions of the Committee of Ministers should reflect this human rights imperative, andbe taken in line with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, as interpretedby the CRPD Committee.

1. Assembly debate on 13 October 2023 (24th sitting) (see Doc. 15829, report of the Committee on Social Affairs,Health and Sustainable Development, rapporteur: Mr Simon Moutquin). Text adopted by the Assembly on 13 October2023 (24th sitting).

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Resolution 2511 (2023)1Provisional version

The challenge of far-right ideology to democracy and human rights in Europe

Parliamentary Assembly

1. Ideologies that seek to repudiate democracy, undermine human rights and ignore the rule of law are indirect opposition to the core values of the Council of Europe. The attacks of recent years by far-rightextremists, both in Europe and globally, must serve as a signal of the danger posed by this ideology to humanrights, the functioning of democratic institutions, and to diverse and inclusive societies.

2. The Parliamentary Assembly recalls the commitments taken by Council of Europe member States toabide by the principles of democracy, human rights and the rule of law, and to uphold pluralism, tolerance andrespect for diversity as fundamental values that underpin European societies. Extremist ideologies thatthreaten these principles and commitments warrant a coherent and responsible approach in order to preservea free, secure, and democratic Europe.

3. Far-right violence, driven by xenophobia, racism and other forms of intolerance, has increased sharplyin recent years. Failed coup attempts from Germany to Brazil and attacks on elected representatives havefurther demonstrated the growing danger of far-right extremism, while a number of member States considerforms of far-right terrorism the fastest growing or most prominent domestic security threat they face.

4. The Assembly has repeatedly made clear its unequivocal condemnation of manifestations of far-rightextremism. It has adopted a number of resolutions to tackle the challenge of extreme right-wing ideology, hatespeech and intolerance. The evolving dynamics of modern far-right movements, the more sophisticatedmeans of communication, the proliferation of online extremist material, the mainstreaming of the far-rightideology into the public domain, and the raised threat levels across a number of member States mean that it isnecessary to continue to refine and adapt actions to protect against ideologies that are incompatible withhuman rights, democracy and the rule of law.

5. A continuing pattern of democratic backsliding in Europe provides a backdrop for the rise in actions thatare against our core values and standards. The Assembly considers that the most effective way of preventingfar-right extremism is to strengthen adherence to these core values.

6. The Fourth Summit of the Heads of State and Government of the Council of Europe has given renewedimpetus to the Organisation as the cornerstone of European democratic security, to the protection of ourdemocratic foundations, and to countering challenges to human rights. The Assembly welcomes the resolveof member States to stand firm against authoritarian tendencies by enhancing shared commitments.

7. Politicians and political parties should be at the forefront of responses to the phenomenon, both in thepublic defence of human rights and democratic principles and in the unequivocal rejection of all forms ofracism and intolerance, hate speech, incitement to racial hatred and harassment.

8. Governments must ensure that there are counterweights to extremist discourse by publicly challengingthe narratives of far-right extremism, and ensuring that measures are in place that strengthen the respect ofhuman rights and promote a model of society that embraces diversity and respects human dignity.

1. Assembly debate on 10 October 2023 (21st sitting) (see Doc. 15826, report of the Committee on Political Affairs andDemocracy, rapporteur: Mr Samad Seyidov). Text adopted by the Assembly on 10 October 2023 (21st sitting).

Resolutions 2511 to 2522

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9. Comprehensive approaches to tackle far-right extremist ideologies are needed that seek to engage alllevels of society in preventing and countering violent extremism. The Assembly emphasises the need fornational action plans against extremist ideologies that include whole-of-society approaches, involving civilsociety, the media, educational institutions, and political parties.

10. In light of reports of the elevated risk of youth radicalisation in recent years, the Assembly recalls theimportance of education as a bulwark against the spread of far-right extremist ideologies, and the continuedneed to enhance societal resilience against extremist materials and recruitment in response to the extensiveuse of online platforms to promote extremist ideologies.

11. The Assembly recognises the vital role played in democracies by law enforcement personnel. While it isthe case that the overwhelming majority of police officers reject extremism in all its forms, the exposure of far-right extremists in police forces in a number of member States in recent years is a cause for serious concern.Individuals who reject the democratic foundations of the State cannot serve it, and the Assembly emphasisesthe need to ensure effective mechanisms are implemented against extremists in the police.

12. The Assembly considers that, in light of the transnational nature of the phenomenon, enhanced co-operation between member States is necessary to tackle the pan-European dimension of the threat, andurges member States to engage in international co-operation and information sharing to effectively countercross-border activities of far-right extremist groups.

13. The Assembly attaches great importance to the work of the bodies of the Council of Europe, notablythrough the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance, in the monitoring, standard setting, andco-operation activities for combating discrimination, racism and intolerance in our societies.

14. In the light of these considerations, the Assembly calls on Council of Europe member States to:

14.1. review and, if necessary, enhance existing legislation to effectively counter far-right extremismas well as hate speech, incitement to violence, and discrimination propagated by far-right individualsand groups;

14.2. strengthen existing measures to protect groups in vulnerable and marginalised situations fromdiscrimination, harassment, and violence stemming from far-right ideologies;

14.3. promote education and media literacy by integrating comprehensive education about humanrights, diversity, and democracy into school curricula, and enhance media literacy programmes toempower citizens to critically analyse and resist extremist propaganda;

14.4. combat online radicalisation through collaboration with social media platforms and techcompanies to identify and remove online content that promotes far-right ideologies, while safeguardingfreedom of expression and avoiding undue censorship;

14.5. develop strategies to counter disinformation and propaganda propagated by far-right groups,ensuring that accurate and evidence-based information prevails;

14.6. continue to support civil society by providing adequate financial and moral support to civil societyorganisations and grassroots initiatives working to promote tolerance, intercultural understanding, socialcohesion, and deradicalisation;

14.7. encourage political leaders to engage in respectful and inclusive public discourse, condemninghate speech and divisive rhetoric, and advocating for policies that uphold democratic values and humanrights;

14.8. enhance the protection of elected officials from politically motivated crimes, intimidation andthreats;

14.9. invite democratic parties in the member States to assess the possibility of establishing a "cordonsanitaire" against far-right parties whose values are at odds with those promoted by the Council ofEurope so as to prevent them occupying a media and political space that helps normalise them andpropagate hate speech and discriminatory discourse.

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15. To this end, the Assembly calls on member States:

15.1. as regards legislation to counter far-right extremism and to enhance the protection of groups invulnerable and marginalised situations, to:

15.1.1. ensure legislation that addresses the dissolution of political parties or prohibition of the formation of a political party complies with the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights and the recommendations of the European Commission for Democracy through Law;

15.1.2. elaborate potential strategies to prosecute violent extremism conducive to terrorism;

15.1.3. sign and ratify, if they have not already done so, Protocol No. 12 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ETS No. 177) and the Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime, concerning the criminalisation of acts of a racist and xenophobic nature committed through computer systems (ETS No. 189);

15.1.4. disseminate and fully implement Recommendation CM/Rec(2022)16 of the Committee of Ministers to member States on combating hate speech;

15.1.5. set up anti-hate crime units in police forces and provide continuing training for police forces focused on the issues of cultural diversity, equal rights and the fight against racism and aimed at raising police officers’ awareness of manifestations of far-right extremism and hate speech, as well as boosting their skills in terms of identifying, preventing and tackling such crimes;

15.1.6. ensure effective mechanisms for taking action against law enforcement personnel engaged in far-right extremist activities;

15.2. as regards the promotion of education and media literacy, combating online radicalisation and countering disinformation, to:

15.2.1. counteract extremist narratives and various forms of incitement, in line with Assembly Resolution 2221 (2018) “Counter-narratives to terrorism”, through school programmes and awareness-raising campaigns, underlining the shared values of human dignity, peace, non-violence, tolerance and human rights, and involve the victims of extremist acts;

15.2.2. develop a co-ordinated national media literacy policy, in line with Assembly Resolution 2314 (2019) “Media education in the new media environment”;

15.2.3. support educational projects and teaching methods aimed at tackling anti-democratic ideologies;

15.2.4. supplement public messaging and awareness campaigns by taking active measures to address conspiracy theories and disinformation and enhance fact-checking capabilities as part of a package of measures to enhance societal resilience against far-right propaganda;

15.2.5. ensure that internet intermediaries take effective measures to fulfil their duties and responsibilities not to make accessible or disseminate hate speech that is prohibited under criminal, civil or administrative law;

15.3. as regards supporting civil society, to:

15.3.1. support prevention policies, including through engagement with entities that work directly with the youth, such as social workers and mental health workers;

15.3.2. deepen partnerships with civil society organisations that are engaged with deradicalisation, rehabilitation, and victim support;

15.4. as regards upholding a respectful and inclusive political discourse, to:

15.4.1. implement the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance General Policy Recommendation No. 15 on Combating Hate Speech by adopting relevant administrative, civil and, as a last resort, criminal law provisions;

15.4.2. ensure that no public funding is allocated to parties promoting hate speech and hate crime;

15.5. as regards enhancing the protection of elected officials, to elaborate, in co-ordination with them, specific measures to improve their protection;

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15.6. as regards the need to restore and build public trust in political institutions, to:

15.6.1. implement practical measures to strengthen democracy and governance, while ensuring the inclusion of all citizens;

15.6.2. promote participatory and inclusive democracy by fostering citizen participation in decision-making processes and encouraging active involvement by minority groups and marginalised communities, with a view to strengthening the social fabric and promoting mutual understanding, thereby reducing vulnerability to far-right extremism;

15.6.3. reduce socio-economic inequalities and work actively to reduce social and economic disparities in society by adopting inclusive social and economic policies aimed at ensuring fair access to education, employment, healthcare and other essential services;

15.6.4. promote diversity and inclusion in political institutions so as to enable minority groups and marginalised communities to be fully represented in public institutions, with a view to ensuring equal rights and opportunities for all.

16. The Assembly, in calling for a respectful and inclusive political dialogue, encourages its members tospeak out against all forms of intolerance, and political parties to sign the Charter of European political partiesfor a non-racist and inclusive society as endorsed in its Resolution 2443 (2022) “The role of political parties infostering diversity and inclusion: a new charter for a non-racist society”.

17. The Assembly invites international organisations which share the Council of Europe’s values, startingwith the European Union and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, to increase their co-operation with the Council of Europe in order to find common solutions to the shared problem of far-rightextremism.

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Resolution 2512 (2023)1Provisional version

The honouring of membership obligations to the Council of Europe by France

Parliamentary Assembly

1. As a founding member, the host country and one of the four major contributors to the Council ofEurope, of which French is one of the two official languages, France has been very closely involved in thework of the Organisation from the outset and has ratified some 146 conventions.

2. In 2019, France was selected by the Committee on the Honouring of Obligations and Commitments byMember States of the Council of Europe (Monitoring Committee) for a periodic review report on its compliancewith the obligations imposed on every Council of Europe member State in the areas of democracy, rule of lawand human rights. The Monitoring Committee is responsible for periodically preparing monitoring reports oncompliance with the obligations of all member States which are not subject to specific monitoring procedures

3. France is a country with a longstanding democratic tradition which is committed to respect for humanrights. Political pluralism is guaranteed and freedom of association, which is a constitutional principle, enablescivil society organisations to play a very active role. Various independent administrative bodies play a key partin checks and balances. Human rights institutions do excellent work and are covered by a legislativeframework that protects them and respects their independence.

4. The constitution of the Fifth Republic established a semi-presidential system, which is unique inEurope. The uniqueness of the French system lies both in the position and role of the President of theRepublic, who is directly elected by the people and called on to play a central political role in all issuesaffecting the political life of the country, and also in the strict rules on the law-making and scrutiny powers ofthe two houses of parliament.

5. The functioning of democratic institutions has been marked by a succession of large-scale protestmovements, sometimes accompanied by demands of an institutional nature. Debate is under way on theseissues, focusing in particular on the introduction of direct or participatory democracy procedures such as joint-initiative or popular initiative referendums and citizens’ conferences, and the arrangements for the use of themeasures that enable the government to restrict the legislative process. Many citizens’ conferences havebeen held by the government on a very wide range of issues, producing proposals that have been debated inparliament. A draft constitutional reform tabled on 29 August 2019 including provisions on citizen participation,was not pursued, mainly because of the health crisis linked to the Covid-19 pandemic and the lack of apolitical majority in favour of it. The idea of a fresh institutional reform has been put forward by the authoritiesand is currently the subject of consultation.

6. The Parliamentary Assembly is following with interest the experiments with participatory democracybeing conducted in France and their link with the mechanisms of representative democracy. The Assemblyrefers to the interim opinion issued by the European Commission for Democracy through Law (VeniceCommission) on Article 49.3 of the Constitution at the request of the Monitoring Committee, which found that

1. Assembly debate on 10 October 2023 (21st sitting) (see Doc. 15833, report of the Committee on the Honouring ofObligations and Commitments by Member States of the Council of Europe (Monitoring Committee), co-rapporteurs:Ms Yelyzaveta Yasko and Ms Fiona O'Loughlin). Text adopted by the Assembly on 10 October 2023 (21st sitting).

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7. Street demonstrations have sometimes been marred by outbreaks of violence that in some casesreached worrying levels. The law enforcement strategy and the use of potentially dangerous weapons havebeen called into question, and a new blueprint for law enforcement has been published.

8. In this context, the Assembly refers to the “Memorandum on maintaining public order and freedom ofassembly in the context of the “yellow vest” movement in France” published by the Commissioner for HumanRights of the Council of Europe on 26 February 2019, and takes note of the changes made to the lawenforcement strategy since 2021. Nevertheless, the Assembly is concerned by the finding made again by theCommissioner for Human Rights in her statement of 24 March 2023 that “in the context of the socialmovement against the pension reform in France, the freedoms of expression and assembly are beingexercised under worrying conditions,” thereby corroborating the concerns voiced by the Defender of Rights,the National Consultative Committee on Human Rights and several civil society organisations.

9. The Assembly is particularly alarmed by the high number of people injured during demonstrations,especially the number of injuries with serious long-term consequences. In this connection, it regrets the factthat the official statistics do not provide a clear picture of the number of people injured or killed by lawenforcement officers during demonstrations or the number of such officers sanctioned or having receivedcriminal convictions for unlawful acts of violence committed during the demonstrations. Having such statisticswould help dispel the feeling that unlawful violence by law enforcement officers goes unpunished. TheAssembly therefore calls on the authorities to grant access to this information.

10. The Assembly believes that further thought should be given to law enforcement techniques in France,in particular by drawing on experience in other European countries in order to refocus law enforcement on thetasks of prevention and of supervising the exercise of the freedom to demonstrate, under an approach aimedat calming tensions and protecting individual freedoms.

11. In the absence of comprehensive statistics, the Assembly notes that in several cases where the use ofweapons by law enforcement officers resulted in serious injuries or death, the courts have still not handeddown rulings more than four years after the events. In many cases, no further action was taken on complaintslodged against law enforcement officers because it could not be established that the injury was caused byinappropriate use of force, or owing to the difficulty of identifying the officer who had fired the weapon. TheAssembly therefore encourages the authorities to improve the criminal law treatment of cases of unlawfulviolence committed by law enforcement officers and to reform the police and gendarmerie inspectorates so asto improve perceptions of their independence and impartiality, while boosting the resources allocated to them.

12. The Assembly is concerned about the finding made in the report published in 2022 by the EuropeanCommission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) that little progress has been made to effectively preventor take action against certain types of misconduct by law enforcement officers that disproportionately affectpeople perceived as having an immigrant background or belonging to minority groups. A forceful reminder ofthis problem came with the wave of riots that followed the fatal shooting of a teenager by a policeman during aroad traffic check in June 2023. The Assembly therefore calls on the French authorities to open a wide-ranging debate about police practices and to take account of the recommendations by national andinternational institutions on the subject, in particular ECRI’s recommendation that the authorities introducewithout delay an effective system of recording identity checks by law enforcement officials, “as part of a policyaimed at strengthening mutual trust between them and the public and their contribution to preventing andcombating all forms of discrimination.”

13. The Assembly is concerned to note that the issue of mutual trust between law enforcement officials andthe public is highly polarised, with statements by some political and trade union representatives sometimesveering towards hate speech. In this connection, the Assembly refers to ECRI’s recommendation that “politicalfigures on all sides take a firm and public stance against any racist or LGBTI-phobic hate speech, andrespond with strong counter-speech.”

14. The Assembly congratulates France on the inclusive and transparent process followed in discussingand analysing the legal system, which led to an initial series of proposed legislative and institutional reformsbeing debated in parliament. In particular, the Assembly welcomes the announcement of an unprecedentedincrease in the financial and human resources allocated to the judicial system. The Assembly encourages theFrench Government to move ahead with the reform process under way by tabling the constitutional billnecessary for completing the reforms of the judicial system recommended by the Venice Commission and the

the article allowed “significant interference by the executive in the powers and role of the legislature …”. The Assembly will be interested to see the Venice Commission’s final opinion and invites the government and political forces in France to take these considerations into account in the forthcoming institutional debates.

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Council of Europe’s Directorate General of Human Rights and Rule of Law in the joint opinion on the Superior Council of Magistracy and the status of the judiciary published on 13 June 2023 and invites the political forces represented in parliament to find ways of reaching a compromise for its adoption.

15. With regard to the Superior Council of Magistracy, the Assembly notes that the joint opinionrecommends that France:

15.1. amend the first paragraph of Article 64 of the Constitution in order to clarify the primary role of the Superior Council of Magistracy as guarantor of the independence of the judiciary;

15.2. bring the Constitution into line with the consistent practice of the authorities and the case law of the European Court of Human Rights and do away with the possibility for the Minister of Justice to sit on the Superior Council of Magistracy;

15.3. modify the composition of the section of the Superior Council of Magistracy with jurisdiction over judges by increasing the number of judicial members.

16. With regard to the status of members of the judiciary, the Assembly points out that the joint opinionrecommends:

16.1. assigning the Superior Council of Magistracy the power to modify appointment proposals made by the Minister of Justice;

16.2. proceeding with the legislative and constitutional reforms needed to align the appointments procedure for prosecutors and the disciplinary procedure for members of the prosecution service with the current procedure for judges;

16.3. shifting from the Minister of Justice to the Superior Council of Magistracy the power to initiate disciplinary proceedings ex officio and to request the Inspectorate General of the Justice System to carry out an investigation.

17. The Assembly is closely following the execution of the judgments of the European Court of HumanRights concerning France, in particular the series of judgments ordering it to put an end to a situation ofsystemic prison overcrowding that causes detention conditions in breach of Article 3 of the EuropeanConvention on Human Rights (ETS No. 5) which prohibits inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

18. The Assembly welcomes the many measures decided by the authorities to reduce prison overcrowding,in particular the announcements concerning the building of additional prison capacity, the efforts to improvethe distribution of inmates between prisons and the efforts to raise judges’ and prosecutors’ awareness ofpossible alternatives to imprisonment. Nevertheless, it notes that the relevant national and internationalauthorities believe that the programme to build new prison places will not provide a lasting solution within areasonable timeframe, while the prison population statistics show that the situation is steadily worsening. TheAssembly therefore refers to the decision adopted on 6 December 2022 by the Committee of Ministers of theCouncil of Europe, which, in view of the consistent recommendations of several competent nationalinstitutions and the urgency of the situation, “invited again the authorities to consider rapidly new legislativemeasures that would regulate the prison population in a more binding nature”.

19. The Assembly notes with interest the conclusions of the recent parliamentary work stating that thejudicial measures to limit the use of detention have failed to reduce prison overcrowding and that it isnecessary to establish a binding mechanism for regulating the prison population, while proposing a method forimplementing this solution gradually and without disrupting the execution of sentences. The Assemblytherefore calls on the authorities to try out a binding mechanism for regulating the prison population, at leastuntil such time as the other measures to reduce the prison population have an effect and make such amechanism unnecessary.

20. Media freedom, freedom of opinion and freedom of expression are guaranteed effectively in France.Restrictions do exist, as strictly defined by law, in order to protect privacy and image rights and to preventdefamation, public insult, the condoning of terrorism, publication of fake news and hate speech. Theconditions for working as a journalist are well protected. The Assembly welcomes the planned reform of civilprocedure to improve the protection of journalists against vexatious proceedings.

21. The Assembly notes the concerns that exist because of the impact of the trend towards mediaconcentration on pluralism of information. The Assembly is pleased to note the opening of the “États générauxde l’information” national consultation process and will follow its work with great interest. The Assembly

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22. The Assembly welcomes the advances in the regulation of political financing adopted since 2016, inparticular the prohibition of loans from banks headquartered outside the European Union and the limit on theamount which natural persons may donate. In this connection, the Assembly refers to the recommendationsby the Group of States against Corruption (GRECO) and the Office for Democratic Institutions and HumanRights of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE/ODIHR) aimed at improving thetransparency of political financing.

23. The Assembly congratulates the French authorities on the efforts to combat violence against women, inparticular the many measures announced since 2019, and on their unequivocal commitment in this area. TheAssembly calls for these announcements to be given full effect by allocating the resources needed forimplementing this policy.

encourages the French authorities to adjust the regulatory environment to the sweeping changes in the media sector so as to improve the transparency of media ownership and guarantee internal and external media pluralism.

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Resolution 2513 (2023)1Provisional version

Pegasus and similar spyware and secret state surveillance

Parliamentary Assembly

1. In July 2021, an international coalition of investigative journalists co-ordinated by Forbidden Stories,with the technical support of Amnesty International’s Security Lab (“the Pegasus Project”), publishedinformation about a leaked list of over 50 000 phone numbers identified as potential targets by clients of NSOGroup, an Israeli company that developed and globally markets a spyware called Pegasus. This list includedhuman rights defenders, political opponents, lawyers, diplomats, Heads of State and nearly 200 journalistsfrom 24 countries. 11 countries around the world were identified as potential NSO clients, including twoCouncil of Europe member States, Azerbaijan and Hungary.

2. Subsequent investigative reports, including by CitizenLab of the University of Toronto, have revealedthat governments of several Council of Europe member States have acquired and used Pegasus for targetedsurveillance of their own citizens. It is known that Pegasus was sold to at least 14 European Union countries,including Belgium, Germany (in a modified version), Hungary, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Poland andSpain. There is strong evidence that Azerbaijan has also used it, including during the conflict with Armenia.Other member States have acquired or used similar spyware, such as Candiru and Predator. These toolshave not only been used within the jurisdiction of member States but they have also been exported to thirdcountries with authoritarian regimes and a high risk of human rights violations, including Libya (under theGaddafi regime), Egypt, Madagascar and Sudan. These exports have potentially breached EU export rules.

3. The Parliamentary Assembly notes that Pegasus is a highly intrusive surveillance spyware, whichgrants the user complete and unrestricted access to all sensors and information on the targeted mobilephone. It turns the smartphone into a 24-hour surveillance device, accessing the camera and microphone,geolocation data, e-mails, messages, photos, videos, passwords, and applications. While some spywarerequire some action on the part of the victim, such as clicking on a link (for instance, Predator) or opening anattachment, Pegasus is installed through a so-called “zero-click attack”. Given its unprecedented level ofintrusiveness into the private life of the targeted individual and all their contacts, the Council of EuropeCommissioner for Human Rights and the European Data Protection Supervisor have expressed seriousdoubts as to whether its use could ever meet the proportionality requirement and therefore be human-rightscompliant.

4. The Assembly shares these concerns and believes that the use of Pegasus-type spyware should belimited to exceptional situations as a measure of last resort, to prevent or investigate a specific act amountingto a genuine and serious threat to national security or a specific and precisely defined serious crime, and onlytargeting the person suspected of committing or planning to commit those acts, and always under courtsupervision. In order to limit such a high level of intrusiveness, States should take into account theproportionality of new spyware before acquiring and using them; they should also consider using spywarewithout some of the most invasive features of Pegasus or a version that is programmed in such a way that itlimits access to what is strictly necessary.

1. Assembly debate on 11 October 2023 (22nd sitting) (see Doc. 15825, report of the Committee on Legal Affairs andHuman Rights, rapporteur: Mr Pieter Omtzigt). Text adopted by the Assembly on 11 October 2023 (22nd sitting).

See also Recommendation 2258 (2023).

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5.1. in Poland and Hungary, Pegasus surveillance spyware has been illegally deployed for political purposes to spy on journalists, opposition politicians, lawyers, prosecutors and civil society actors, apparently as part of a system or an integrated strategy;

5.2. in Greece, it has been confirmed that a member of the European Parliament and a journalist have been wiretapped by the intelligence agency and targeted with Predator spyware, and media reports revealed further possible targets of Predator, including other high-profile politicians. Spyware appears to have been used on an ad hoc basis for political and financial gains;

5.3. in Spain, the Prime minister and other ministers’ phones were infected with Pegasus, allegedly by a third country (Morocco). 65 persons related to the Catalan pro-independence movement were allegedly targeted with Pegasus and/or Candiru, 18 of whom have been confirmed as lawful targets by the Spanish authorities;

5.4. Cyprus and Bulgaria serve as an export hub for spyware;

5.5. spyware companies are or were present in several member States, including Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Romania and Switzerland.

6. The Assembly further notes that according to the “Pegasus Project” revelations, Azerbaijan has alsoused Pegasus, including against journalists, independent media owners and civil society activists. Recentreports have disclosed its use in connection with the Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict, against 12 persons workingin Armenia, including an Armenian government official, in what appears to be an example of transnationaltargeted surveillance.

7. The Assembly unequivocally condemns the use of spyware by State authorities for political purposes.Secretly surveilling political opponents, public officials, journalists, human rights defenders and civil societyactors for purposes other than those exhaustively enumerated in Article 8.2 of the European Convention onHuman Rights (ETS No. 5, “the Convention”) (among which the prevention of disorder or crime and theprotection of national security and public safety) amounts to a clear violation of the right to respect for privatelife (Article 8).

8. If the authorities invoke national security grounds as a justification for using spyware but their realpurpose is to target and discredit an opposition politician or to intimidate and silence a human rights defender,the surveillance will give rise to a violation of Article 8 in conjunction with Article 18 of the Convention, whichprohibits States from restricting rights for purposes not prescribed by the Convention itself. Such a misuse ofpower has a chilling effect on the exercise of other human rights and fundamental freedoms, including thefreedom of expression (Article 10), the freedom of assembly and association (Article 11) and the right to freeelections (Article 3 of Protocol No. 1 to the Convention (ETS No. 9)). It may also undermine the integrity ofelectoral processes and free public debate, and therefore, the foundations of our democratic societies.

9. The targeting of journalists has an impact on the confidentiality of their sources and in turn on theirfreedom to impart information. The targeting of lawyer-client communications impairs the exercise of defencerights and the right to a fair trial guaranteed by Article 6 of the Convention, which is a fundamental principle ofthe rule of law.

10. The Assembly underlines that member States have both negative and positive obligations under theConvention. Positive obligations in this area should include the protection of individuals within their jurisdictionfrom unlawful targeted surveillance by non-State actors and third States (transnational surveillance). Thisshould trigger at the same time a procedural obligation to effectively investigate all cases of alleged unlawfuldigital surveillance by third actors targeting persons living in the territory of a member State. The Assemblyrefers in this context to Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)3 of the Committee of Ministers to member States onhuman rights and business adopted on 2 March 2016, which recalls that member States have a duty toprotect individuals against human rights abuses by third parties, including business enterprises.

5. The Assembly is deeply worried about mounting evidence that Pegasus and similar spyware have beenused illegally or for illegitimate purposes by several member States, including against journalists, politicalopponents, human rights defenders and lawyers. Pegasus and other spyware have also been exported frommember States to authoritarian regimes outside Europe, potentially in breach of European Union export rules.The Assembly welcomes the thorough investigation carried out by the European Parliament’s Committee ofInquiry to investigate the use of Pegasus and equivalent surveillance spyware (PEGA Committee) leading tothe adoption of a recommendation by the European Parliament on 15 June 2023. It notes in this respect thatthe PEGA Committee and the European Parliament have found that:

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11. The Assembly considers that the national investigative authorities and courts of the member Statesaccused of spyware abuses must fully investigate and determine whether the use of Pegasus and similarspyware was lawful under domestic law and compliant with the Convention and other international standards.This implies assessing in each individual case whether the interference pursued a legitimate aim under Article8.2 of the Convention and whether it was strictly necessary in a democratic society and proportionate to thataim. It also means ensuring that all victims of spyware-related abuses have access to effective remedies andredress. In this context, the Assembly urges:

11.1. Poland, to:

11.1.1. inform the Assembly and the European Commission for Democracy through Law (Venice Commission) about the use of Pegasus and similar spyware, within three months;

11.1.2. conduct effective, independent and prompt investigations on all confirmed and alleged cases of abuse of spyware and provide sufficient redress to targeted victims in cases of unlawful surveillance;

11.1.3. refrain from using blanket secrecy rules to deny oversight mechanisms’ and targeted persons’ access to information on the use of spyware;

11.1.4. apply adequate sanctions, either criminal or administrative, in cases of abuse;

11.1.5. comply with the opinion of the Venice Commission on the 2016 Police Act;

11.2. Hungary, to:

11.2.1. inform the Assembly and the Venice Commission about the use of Pegasus and similar spyware, within three months;

11.2.2. conduct effective, independent and prompt investigations on all confirmed and alleged cases of abuse of spyware and provide sufficient redress to targeted victims in cases of unlawful surveillance;

11.2.3. refrain from using blanket secrecy rules to deny oversight mechanisms’ and targeted persons’ access to information on the use of spyware;

11.2.4. apply adequate sanctions, either criminal or administrative, in cases of abuse;

11.2.5. implement without delay the judgments of Szabó and Vissy and Hüttl, as required by the Committee of Ministers in the exercise of its powers under Article 46.2 of the Convention;

11.3. Greece, to:

11.3.1. inform the Assembly and the Venice Commission about the use of Predator and similar spyware, within three months;

11.3.2. conduct effective, independent and prompt investigations on all confirmed and alleged cases of abuse of spyware and provide sufficient redress to targeted victims in cases of unlawful surveillance;

11.3.3. refrain from using blanket secrecy rules to deny oversight mechanisms’ and targeted persons’ access to information on the use of spyware;

11.3.4. apply adequate sanctions, either criminal or administrative, in cases of abuse;

11.4. Spain, to:

11.4.1. inform the Assembly and the Venice Commission about the use of Pegasus, Candiru and similar spyware, within three months;

11.4.2. conduct effective, independent and prompt investigations on all confirmed and alleged cases of abuse of spyware and provide sufficient redress to targeted victims in cases of unlawful surveillance;

11.4.3. refrain from using blanket secrecy rules to deny oversight mechanisms’ and targeted persons’ access to information on the use of spyware;

11.4.4. apply adequate sanctions, either criminal or administrative, in cases of abuse;

11.5. Azerbaijan, to:

11.5.1. inform the Assembly and the Venice Commission about the use of Pegasus and similar spyware, within three months;

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11.5.2. conduct effective, independent and prompt investigations on all confirmed and alleged cases of abuse of spyware and provide sufficient redress to targeted victims in cases of unlawful surveillance;

11.5.3. refrain from using blanket secrecy rules to deny access to information on the use of spyware to oversight mechanisms and targeted persons;

11.5.4. apply adequate sanctions, either criminal or administrative, in cases of abuse.

12. The Assembly considers that the Polish parliamentary election of 2019 was not fair as Pegasus wasused against political opponents during the electoral campaign.

13. The Assembly calls on member States which seem to have acquired or used Pegasus, includingGermany, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, to clarify the framework of its use and applicableoversight mechanisms. It invites them to send this information, as well as any statistics on the use of Pegasus,to the Assembly and the Venice Commission within three months.

14. In order to prevent future abuses of spyware and human rights violations in Europe and beyond, theAssembly calls on all member States to:

14.1. ensure that their national laws on secret surveillance are in full conformity with the requirements of the European Court of Human Rights and the Venice Commission, with regard to quality of the law, authorisation procedures, supervision and oversight mechanisms, notification mechanisms and remedies, and review them if necessary;

14.2. ensure that the implementation of their legislative framework is effectively in line with the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights on targeted surveillance, with respect to legality, legitimacy, necessity and proportionality of any surveillance measure;

14.3. pending the assessment of their legislative framework and practice by the Venice Commission, refrain from using tools like Pegasus, Candiru, Predator or similar spyware;

14.4. in the mid-term, regulate specifically the acquisition and use of spyware by law enforcement and intelligence agencies, limiting the use of Pegasus-type spyware to exceptional situations as a measure of last resort, to prevent or investigate a specific act amounting to a genuine and serious threat to national security or a specific and precisely defined serious crime, and only targeting the person suspected of committing or planning to commit those acts. States should also establish oversight mechanisms, including parliamentary oversight, on the acquisition and use of spyware technologies, and incorporate an obligation to take into account proportionality considerations before acquiring and using new spyware;

14.5. criminalise the sale to and use of spyware by non-State actors;

14.6. ratify, if they have not yet done so, the Protocol amending the Convention for the protection of individuals with regard to the automatic processing of personal data (CETS No. 223) known as “Convention 108+”, which will apply to the processing of data for national security purposes, and already start implementing its standards in national law;

14.7. ratify, if they have not yet done so, the Convention on Cybercrime (ETS No. 185, “Budapest Convention”) and its Additional Protocols;

14.8. refrain from granting export licenses in respect of spyware technologies to countries where there is a substantial risk that those technologies could be used for internal or transnational repression and/or to commit human rights violations and revoke those granted in such cases;

14.9. join the Wassenaar Arrangement if they have not yet done so, and for States already participating in this arrangement, develop a human rights-based framework for the transfer of spyware technologies, according to which export licenses would require a human rights impact assessment of the recipient State and the companies’ compliance with the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights;

14.10. require that all spyware companies domiciled or conducting substantial activities within their jurisdiction apply human rights due diligence throughout their operations or in respect of such activities, in line with the CM/Rec(2016)3 of Committee of Ministers, and implement standards restricting public procurement contracts to only those companies which demonstrate that they apply human rights due diligence.

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15. The Assembly asks the Venice Commission to assess the legislative framework and practice ontargeted surveillance of all member States (in priority Poland, Hungary, Greece, Spain and Azerbaijan; andthen Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and all the other member States), in order to assess ifsuch framework contains adequate and effective guarantees against any possible abuse of spyware, havingregard to the Convention and other Council of Europe standards. Given the level of intrusiveness of Pegasusand similar spyware, clear and precise legislation, robust oversight mechanisms, procedural guarantees andeffective remedies must be in place before member States can continue using those tools.

16. The Assembly trusts that the evaluation and review mechanism foreseen in amending Protocol CETSNo. 223 will ensure the monitoring of the implementation of the relevant provisions of Convention 108+ in thearea of targeted surveillance for national security and law enforcement purposes, including the use ofspyware.

17. The Assembly calls on:

17.1. Israel, which enjoys observer status with the Assembly, to:

17.1.1. strengthen its export control mechanisms to ensure that export licenses are denied or revoked with respect to spyware technologies where there is a substantial risk that those technologies could be used for internal or transnational repression and/or to commit human rights violations;

17.1.2. fully co-operate with investigations conducted by Council of Europe member States regarding the use of Pegasus and other spyware exported from Israel or sold by Israeli-based companies;

17.1.3. publish its framework on export control and inform the Assembly about it within six months;

17.2. Morocco, which enjoys partner for democracy status with the Assembly, to:

17.2.1. inform the Assembly within three months on whether it has used Pegasus or similar spyware at home and abroad;

17.2.2. launch within three months a fully independent investigation into the alleged use of Pegasus by State authorities against targets in Morocco and targets within the jurisdiction of Council of Europe member States.

18. The Assembly also calls on spyware and surveillance companies domiciled in Council of Europemember States or conducting substantial activities within their jurisdiction to apply human rights due diligencethroughout their operations or in respect of such activities and improve transparency, in line with the CM/Rec(2016)3 of Committee of Ministers and the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and HumanRights;

19. The Assembly invites the European Union to sign and ratify Convention 108+, make use of the Councilof Europe’s expertise in this field, and engage with its relevant bodies in areas such as data protection,targeted surveillance and spyware, for the purposes of standard-setting, monitoring and co-operation.

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Resolution 2514 (2023)1Provisional version

Preventing and combating violence against women with disabilities

Parliamentary Assembly

1. The issue of disability, which encompasses a multitude of realities, is universal in scope. One in fivepeople in the world will experience a disability at some point in their lives. The inclusion of persons withdisabilities in society, the main objective of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons withDisabilities, has made significant progress in recent years. However, it has not yet been fully achieved inCouncil of Europe member States.

2. The Covid-19 pandemic has led to greater isolation and increased dependence among persons withdisabilities. Opportunities for all to participate in social, economic and political life remain limited, and there aremany obstacles to achieving inclusion. Persons with disabilities, in all their diversity, remain particularlyvulnerable to violence and discrimination.

3. Gender-based violence against women and girls originates in deeply entrenched gender inequalities.The invisibilisation of women with disabilities and continued economic and social dependence create acontext of heightened vulnerability that compounds these inequalities. In addition, violence against womenwith disabilities, whether physical, sexual, psychological, structural or economic, remains a taboo subject,despite the general increase in awareness of the urgent need to prevent and combat sexual violence thanksto the #MeToo movement.

4. The Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domesticviolence (CETS No. 210, “Istanbul Convention”) states in Article 4.3 that the protection and support providedunder the Convention are to be accessible to all women without discrimination, including with respect to age,disability, marital status, association with a national minority, migrant or refugee status, gender identity orsexual orientation. The Parliamentary Assembly reiterates its unwavering support for the Istanbul Conventionand its Resolution 2479 (2023) “The Istanbul Convention: progress and challenges”. Preventing andcombating violence against women with disabilities must become a political priority. The accessibility ofprevention campaigns, information for survivors, legal aid and shelters must be guaranteed. The Assemblyrecognises furthermore that there is an intersectional dimension to violence against women and girls withdisabilities. Due account must be taken of the intersection of disability with gender, origin, sexual orientation,gender identity, gender expression, sex characteristics, migration status or religion.

5. Society infantilises women with disabilities by not allowing them to make informed choices about theirlives, including their sexual and reproductive health and rights. Forced sterilisations, which are still happeningin Europe, are a reflection of society's validation of the “able-bodied” person as the social norm, and of thepre-eminence of the patriarchal system and they increase the risk of sexual violence. They are one of theforms of violence condemned by the Istanbul Convention. The Assembly refers to its Resolution 1945 (2013)“Putting an end to coerced sterilisations and castrations” and reiterates its call for these practices to bebanned.

1. Assembly debate on 11 October 2023 (22nd sitting) (see Doc. 15828, report of the Committee on Equality and Non-Discrimination, rapporteur: Ms Béatrice Fresko-Rolfo). Text adopted by the Assembly on 11 October 2023 (22nd sitting).

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6. A society that isolates persons with disabilities is neither fully democratic nor inclusive. The Assemblyregrets the lack of prioritisation of policies to support persons with disabilities towards inclusion. The Assemblyrefers to its Resolution 2431 (2022) “Deinstitutionalisation of persons with disabilities”, Resolution 2291 (2019)“Ending coercion in mental health: the need for a human rights-based approach”, and Resolution 2258 (2019)“For a disability-inclusive workforce”. It reiterates its call for the deinstitutionalisation of persons with disabilitiesand stresses that their participation in the social, economic and political life of our countries is beneficial onmultiple levels. It calls for systemic change to achieve effective inclusion and prevent violence against personswith disabilities, in all their diversity.

7. In the light of these considerations, the Assembly calls on Council of Europe member States as well asobserver States and all States whose parliaments enjoy observer or partner for democracy status, to:

7.1. ratify and implement, if they have not already done so, the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence;

7.2. prohibit, if they have not already done so, forced sterilisations and forced abortions and ensure that those who have suffered violence of this type receive compensation;

7.3. implement Recommendation CM/Rec(2012)6 of the Committee of Ministers to member States on the protection and promotion of the rights of women and girls with disabilities, which calls on them to put in place specific measures to improve access to justice for women with disabilities and to protect them from violence;

7.4. implement the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and continue the process of deinstitutionalisation of persons with disabilities, or initiate it if this has not yet been done;

7.5. carry out disability-sensitive data collection on gender-based violence, and support research into gender-based violence against women with disabilities.

8. With regard to preventing violence against women with disabilities, the Assembly calls on these Statesto:

8.1. make the inclusion of persons with disabilities a priority, supporting their access to education, employment and culture, investing in accessibility and promoting their participation in economic, cultural, political and public life, and supporting in particular the empowerment of women with disabilities;

8.2. disregard the spouse’s income in determining eligibility for disability allowance, thus reducing the financial dependence of persons with disabilities;

8.3. adopt inclusive national strategies or action plans aimed at preventing and combating gender-based violence, taking into account disability and the intersections between gender, age, origin, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, sex characteristics, migration status and disability, and ensuring the participation of members of organisations representing persons with disabilities in the development of such strategies or plans;

8.4. include a gender dimension in national disability policies;

8.5. run campaigns to prevent gender-based violence that are inclusive and accessible to persons with disabilities, and conduct specific initiatives to prevent violence in institutions for persons with disabilities;

8.6. provide health care professionals and social workers with training on the rights, dignity, autonomy and needs of women with disabilities, in all their diversity;

8.7. step up monitoring of institutions for persons with disabilities by independent bodies, and ensure the protection of staff members in such institutions who report cases of violence;

8.8. raise awareness of the issue of forced marriages among women with disabilities, particularly in times of conflict;

8.9. provide information on sexual and reproductive rights in accessible formats;

8.10. carry out awareness-raising campaigns on the issue of violence within the family in order to prevent incest, in particular against girls with disabilities, and support families and parents financially and emotionally in their work accompanying girls and women with disabilities;

8.11. run campaigns to combat stereotypes of persons with disabilities, taking into account the diversity of disability.

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9. With regard to support for survivors of gender-based violence with disabilities, the Assembly calls onthese States to:

9.1. provide inclusive and accessible information on assistance and support services for survivors of violence;

9.2. provide training on disability mainstreaming and inclusion for staff working in specialist services for survivors of gender-based violence, and ensure that these facilities, as well as helplines, are accessible;

9.3. provide training for the police, prosecutors and judges on the specific features of disability and on international standards on the protection of the rights of persons with disabilities, and ensure that communication tools geared to persons with disabilities are made available;

9.4. take the necessary measures to eliminate the obstacles to access to justice faced by women with disabilities, ensuring the provision of disability-appropriate procedures and accommodation and accessibility of all procedures;

9.5. ensure access to post-trauma care, including long-term psychological support, for all survivors of gender-based violence, taking into account the specific needs of survivors of sexual violence with disabilities in times of conflict;

9.6. offer free legal aid, including primary and secondary specialised legal aid to all women with disabilities who are survivors of violence, so that they can access specialised well-trained attorneys;

9.7. ensure that all the legal remedies are put in place to guarantee access to compensation mechanisms for women with disabilities who have been subjected to violence.

10. The Assembly encourages member States to provide financial support to non-governmentalorganisations working to promote the inclusion of persons with disabilities, prevent and combat gender-basedviolence and support survivors.

11. The Assembly calls on national parliaments to ensure that their structures and proceedings areaccessible to persons with disabilities, if this is not already the case, and on political parties to encourage theparticipation of women with disabilities in political life.

12. The Assembly calls on its members to hold debates in their national parliaments on progress andchallenges in achieving the inclusion of persons with disabilities, and on preventing and combating violenceagainst women with disabilities.

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Resolution 2515 (2023)1Provisional version

The role of the Council of Europe in preventing conflicts, restoring credibility of international institutions and promoting global peace

Parliamentary Assembly

1. The price of every war will always be many times higher than that of its prevention. Throughout its74 years of history, the Council of Europe has played a key role in preventing conflicts on the Europeancontinent, employing a panoply of tools, such as early warning and monitoring, confidence-building, and thepromotion of common values. Recently, however, peace has been fundamentally challenged.

2. After a gradual decline, the number of armed conflicts in the world began to rise again in 2010. Some35 are currently ongoing. Contributing factors to this rise include the breakdown in the rule of law, weak Stateinstitutions, unsustainable exploitation of natural resources that exacerbates climate change, erosion of socialwelfare, the weakening of multilateralism and the passivity of the international community towards emergingthreats – all of which might contribute to the rise of authoritarian regimes. The international order has been putunder an existential threat as a result of the ongoing Russian aggression against Ukraine launched on20 February 2014 and drastically escalated on 24 February 2022.

3. The Statute of the Council of Europe (ETS No. 1) begins with a preambular paragraph declaring that“the pursuit of peace based upon justice and international co-operation is vital for the preservation of humansociety and civilisation”. According to Article 1 of the Statute, “the aim of the Council of Europe is to achieve agreater unity between its Members for the purpose of safeguarding and realising the ideals and principleswhich are their common heritage and facilitating their economic and social progress”. However greater unitycan not be achieved without peace.

4. Indeed, the Council of Europe is a peace project, aimed at tackling, in a structural and systematic way,the root causes of tensions and disputes before they erupt into conflicts.

5. The Parliamentary Assembly recalls that security is a wider concept than defence and rests to a greatextent on compliance with democratic processes, human rights and the rule of law. While national defence isexplicitly excluded from its scope of responsibility, the Council of Europe is a frontrunner in protectingdemocratic security. This notion, first endorsed by the Heads of State and Government of the Council ofEurope at the 1993 Vienna Summit, as well as the concept of “indivisible security”, included in the Charter forEuropean Security of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) (Istanbul, 1999), aretoday as relevant as ever.

6. In this new security context fraught with risks, Council of Europe member States should renew theircommitment to the values of democracy, human rights and the rule of law. They should reiterate their supportfor the Council of Europe as the cornerstone European organisation to develop a shared space where thesevalues can thrive, in the pursuit of peace based upon justice and international co-operation.

1. Assembly debate on 12 October 2023 (23rd sitting) (see Doc. 15821, report of the Committee on Political Affairs andDemocracy, rapporteur: Ms Lesia Vasylenko; and Doc. 15824, opinion of the Committee on the Honouring of Obligationsand Commitments by Member States of the Council of Europe (Monitoring Committee), rapporteur: Mr Claude Kern). Textadopted by the Assembly on 12 October 2023 (23rd sitting).

See also Recommendation 2259 (2023).

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7. The Assembly believes that the Council of Europe should develop additional tools to promotedemocratic security, namely a common democratic security policy which would aim at intensifying the effortsof the Council of Europe in protecting and strengthening international security. The policy should ensure acomprehensive use of early warning and confidence-building measures, improve policy making, strengthenaccountability and prevent future conflicts. This policy should be elaborated and implemented within the legaland political mandate of the Council of Europe, in complementarity with the activities of the other internationalorganisations competent in this field.

8. The Assembly strongly advises member States to refrain from initiating official interactions with thegovernments of both the Russian Federation and Belarus, particularly in the realm of diplomatic appointments.

9. The Assembly should fully use its high potential to contribute to the reform of the global securityarchitecture, as its good functioning will have a direct impact on the democratic security of Council of Europemember States. In doing so, the Assembly should promote co-ordination and co-operation between theCouncil of Europe and other international organisations.

10. The Assembly also underscores the importance of the complementary joint procedure, enabling theCouncil of Europe’s statutory organs to take action together in case of a blatant violation by a member Stateof its obligations under the Statute.

11. In addition, the Assembly underlines the role of national parliaments in fulfilling their key function touphold representative democracy in Europe, to reflect and advise on the best ways in which moderndemocracies might advance and democratic security be preserved.

12. In light of these considerations, as regards democratic security and democratic resilience, the Assemblyrecommends that Council of Europe member States:

12.1. ensure adherence to the rule of law and to fundamental rights and freedoms, so as to build trust in public institutions in every member State;

12.2. engage in a dialogue on the state of democracy in Europe, so as to consolidate the Council of Europe’s role as the guardian of democracy throughout greater Europe;

12.3. consider the ways in which public debate can be organised in member States in order to raise awareness about democratic security and to explore ways to strengthen democratic resilience;

12.4. prioritise good neighbourly relations, and commit to resolving disputes and disagreements through dialogue and diplomacy;

12.5. give priority to the use of early warning and confidence-building measures;

12.6. commit to peaceful settlement of disputes by recognising as compulsory the jurisdiction of international tribunals, strengthening their capacities and streamlining their procedures;

12.7. ensure early access of decision makers to international legal expertise to guide national policies;

12.8. intensify co-operation with the European Commission for Democracy through Law (Venice Commission) and support its activities;

12.9. support cross-border co-operation and other efforts to defuse tensions and promote understanding at the local level, including with and among civil society;

12.10. promote multilateral dialogue and contribute to the formation of uniform positions of different international organisations which will pave the way to build a strong and unified response to violations of international law;

12.11. start a dialogue on consolidating member States’ positions on reforming crucial security institutions, in particular the United Nations Security Council, and pursue an active and concerted policy to initiate change;

12.12. invest in all aspects of a comprehensive security approach, including deep/soft security, human security, and democratic resilience;

12.13. recognise that the notion of security is closely intertwined with numerous challenges, such as energy dependence and climate change;

12.14. safeguard their societies from attacks on the good functioning of democracy, including disinformation and misinformation, and particularly from internal or external attempts to undermine, or interfere in, electoral processes;

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12.15. promote the role of civil society, finding ways of involving citizens in decision-making processes and safeguarding freedom of association;

12.16. ensure that the ability to access and impart information is protected, including by guaranteeing an independent and pluralistic media environment;

12.17. tackle socio-economic inequalities, which threaten the democratic stability of our countries and dent citizens’ trust in politics;

12.18. consider, for instance in the framework of the World Forum for Democracy to be held in Strasbourg in November 2023, the ways in which democracy can be strengthened by giving it a firmer foothold at all levels of the State and also by reinforcing it at the transnational level.

13. As regards the role of the Council of Europe, the Assembly recommends that its member States:

13.1. fully subscribe to rules-based multilateralism while striving to further strengthen it, in particular byensuring full compliance with international law and the honouring of the obligations stemming from theconventions to which they are parties;

13.2. ensure that the European multilateral architecture is more responsive and effective in tacklingthe present challenges;

13.3. give fresh impetus and political support to the central role of the Council of Europe as theguardian of human rights, democracy and the rule of law in Europe and as a platform for politicaldialogue, diplomacy and multilateralism;

13.4. support the further development of Council of Europe work in the area of democratic securityand democratic resilience;

13.5. promote all efforts aimed at ensuring accountability for violations of international law byrecognising the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court, lifting all jurisdictional limits for theprosecution of the crime of aggression and, when necessary, to ensure full accountability, establishingad hoc tribunals with a narrowly defined jurisdiction, such as a special tribunal for the crime ofaggression against Ukraine;

13.6. encourage the participation of the Council of Europe, as appropriate, in relevant consultationsand negotiations and the provision of concrete expert and technical support for the process of creatingthe special tribunal for the crime of aggression against Ukraine;

13.7. enforce the duty to provide compensation to the victim of aggression, including by lawfulconfiscation of State-owned and private-owned assets;

13.8. support the establishment of a comprehensive compensation mechanism as provided by theRiga Declaration of 11 September 2023, including the development of the already-created Register ofDamage Caused by the Aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine and an internationalcommission for the examination of claims for the damages;

13.9. support the active role of the Council of Europe in promoting reforms of other internationalorganisations to ensure their effective functioning;

13.10. allocate the necessary financial resources to ensure the financial sustainability of the Council ofEurope;

13.11. ensure effective follow up to the Reykjavik Summit of Heads of State and Government of theCouncil of Europe;

13.12. allocate the necessary resources to ensure that the Council of Europe can expand its work onconfidence-building measures to help lay the foundations for long-lasting peace.

14. As regards its own activities, the Assembly should:

14.1. increase its focus on parliamentary diplomacy as a tool to defuse tensions, promote dialogue,reinforce mutual understanding and enhance confidence building and conflict prevention;

14.2. contribute to the Council of Europe’s efforts on early warning in order to address situationswhich risk posing a threat to the rule of law, democratic security and good neighbourly relations;

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14.3. strengthen the capacity of both the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy and the Committee on the Honouring of Obligations and Commitments by Member States of the Council of Europe (Monitoring Committee), in particular in terms of early warning, in line with the conclusions of the 2023 Council of Europe Summit, and give consideration to mechanisms to ensure that due account is taken of such early warnings;

14.4. strengthen elements relating to conflict prevention, conflict resolution and democratic security in the terms of reference of its committees and sub-committees;

14.5. place greater emphasis on new security challenges and how they relate to democracy, human rights and the rule of law and mobilise political will to address structural factors that erode democratic institutions;

14.6. enhance co-operation on confidence building and conflict prevention with other international parliamentary assemblies, including the European Parliament, the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly and the Parliamentary Assembly of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO);

14.7. strengthen co-operation and carry out joint activities with national parliaments on confidence building and conflict prevention.

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Resolution 2516 (2023)1Provisional version

Ensuring a just peace in Ukraine and lasting security in Europe

Parliamentary Assembly

1. The Parliamentary Assembly reiterates its firmest condemnation of the Russian Federation’s ongoingbrutal war of aggression against Ukraine – which is a crime in itself – and of the serious, persistent andwidespread atrocities and other violations of international law, international humanitarian law and humanrights of which the Russian Federation is responsible, through its political and military leadership, militaryforces and proxies.

2. Reaffirming its solidarity with the Ukrainian people and echoing the Reykjavík Declaration which wasadopted by the Heads of State and Government at the 4th Council of Europe Summit (16-17 May 2023), theAssembly states, once again, its unwavering commitment to stand with Ukraine for as long as it takes for itsvictory, and its support for the independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of Ukraine within itsinternationally recognised borders, including its territorial waters.

3. The Assembly reiterates its non-recognition of the attempted illegal annexation by the RussianFederation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, as well as parts of the Donetsk,Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia regions of Ukraine, which violates international law, and poses a directthreat to international security with serious consequences for the international community. It reaffirms itsreadiness to continue exerting restrictive pressure on the Russian Federation to counter its illegal actionsthrough undertaking further measures against the Russian Federation.

4. The Council of Europe was established in the aftermath of the Second World War as a peace project, inthe conviction that the pursuit of peace based upon justice and international co-operation is vital for thepreservation of human society and civilisation. Since its foundation, the Council of Europe has contributed tostrengthening human rights, democracy and the rule of law in its membership, which was substantiallyexpanded following the end of the Cold War so as to embrace nearly all European countries.

5. Thirty years since the 1st Council of Europe Summit of Heads of State and Government in Vienna,which gave a signal of hope to all European States who shared the political aspiration to establish a commonlegal space, a common area of peace and a community of values, a full-scale war of aggression has takencentre stage in the heart of the continent, against the backdrop of a deteriorated security situationcharacterised by open and frozen conflicts, escalating tensions and hybrid threats. This state of affairsconfirms the need for firmness in demanding that Council of Europe States fully uphold their commitmentsand obligations as members of the Organisation, as their adherence to Council of Europe standards is also aguarantee of security for each other, as inherent in the principle of democratic security.

6. As the Russian Federation’s aggression against Ukraine has continued for more than nine years and itsfull-scale military invasion of Ukraine enters its 20th month, the international community should not lose sightof its primary objective: presenting a united front to stop the aggression and win a peace which iscomprehensive, just and lasting, ensuring that the rule of law prevails over the rule of force. Without acomprehensive, just and lasting peace in Ukraine there cannot be durable security in Europe; without aneffective system of global governance based on international law, there cannot be international peace andsecurity.

1. Assembly debate on 12 October 2023 (23rd sitting) (see Doc. 15842, report of the Committee on Political Affairs andDemocracy, rapporteur: Mr Iulian Bulai). Text adopted by the Assembly on 12 October 2023 (23rd sitting).

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7. Achieving peace means supporting the victory of Ukraine militarily, financially, politically, anddiplomatically at bilateral and multilateral levels. The Assembly has already given its full backing to PresidentZelenskyy’s peace formula as the most comprehensive proposal for a comprehensive, just and lasting peacein Ukraine, underlining that any peace talks can only take place under the conditions set out by Ukraine andafter the withdrawal of the Russian troops and military equipment from the whole territory of Ukraine. Greaterefforts are necessary to explain to the public and to international partners the stakes of this war for security inEurope and for the preservation of a system of global governance based on the rule of law.

8. Achieving a comprehensive, just and lasting peace means recognising the nature, extent and gravity ofthe crimes committed by the Russian Federation. The violence being perpetrated, the hideous character ofsome crimes including the deportation of Ukrainian children and sexual violence, and the rhetoric of theauthorities indicate an attempt by the Russian Federation to annihilate the Ukrainian nation, waging agenocidal war. This deliberate policy stands out as a tragic reminder of an earlier attempt to wipe outUkrainian nationhood, the Great Famine (the Holodomor), whose 90th anniversary will be commemorated inNovember 2023.

9. There are tens of thousands of civilians who have disappeared and who have been illegally abducted,taken to filtration camps, and deprived of their liberty as a result of the Russian Federation's war of aggressionagainst Ukraine. Approximately 2 000 of these victims of enforced disappearances are over 70 years old. TheRussian Federation's disrespect for the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons inTime of War is just one example of the Russian Federation's brazen and systematic neglect of its internationallegal obligations.

10. Since the beginning of the full-scale military invasion, the Russian Federation has not hesitated to usemigrants, energy, ecocide, economic leverage, the passportisation of Ukrainian citizens, and the forcibledeportation of Ukrainian children as weapons. Illegal fake elections and referendums organised by theRussian Federation in the illegally and temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine, most recently on 8-10September 2023, are a travesty of democracy and a weaponisation of political freedoms. Likewise, thedecision of the Russian Federation to exit the Black Sea Grain Initiative in July 2023 is a further weaponisationof trade and food, intended to increase global instability and weaken international resolve in supportingUkraine.

11. Achieving a comprehensive, just and lasting peace means setting up a comprehensive system ofaccountability of the Russian Federation for its crimes. In this regard, the Assembly welcomes the launch, inthe form of an Enlarged Partial Agreement of the Council of Europe, of the Register of Damage Caused by theAggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. On the strength of the political momentum created bythe Reykjavík Summit, it reiterates its call to setting up an international mechanism to compensate the victimsand a Special International Tribunal to investigate and prosecute the political and military leadership of theRussian Federation for the crime of aggression against Ukraine.

12. Achieving a comprehensive, just and lasting peace in Ukraine means investing in its reconstruction sothat it is sustainable from the economic, social, environmental and political points of view. Physicalreconstruction according to the principle of “Build Back Better” must rely on strong and resilient publicinstitutions at all levels, good democratic governance and the protection of human rights and fundamentalfreedoms, in the framework of the respect of the rule of law. In this regard, the Assembly reiterates its call foran extensive support of the Action Plan for Ukraine 2023-2026, which is instrumental to build back betterdemocratic resilience in Ukraine.

13. The way in which the international community responds to the Russian Federation’s war of aggressionagainst Ukraine will set the course of European history and affect the system of global governance in theyears to come. The Russian Federation has blatantly and unashamedly violated the most fundamentalprinciples enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and paralysed the functioning of the United NationsSecurity Council. Securing a comprehensive, just and lasting peace entails re-establishing the respect of therule of law, including the obligation for all States to refrain from the threat or the use of force against theterritorial integrity or political independence of any State, as pointed out at point 5 of President Zelenskyy’speace formula.

14. In light of these considerations, the Assembly:

14.1. decides to recognise the Great Famine (the Holodomor) as an act of genocide intended to breakthe backbone of Ukrainian nationhood, language and culture, and commemorates its victims;

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14.2. encourages the parliaments of Council of Europe member States and other parliaments which have not yet done so to adopt resolutions commemorating the victims of the Holodomor, and recognising it as a genocide.

15. As regards the establishment of a comprehensive system of accountability, the Assembly:

15.1. gives it full support to the Enlarged Partial Agreement of the Council of Europe on the Registerof Damage Caused by the Aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, and invites thelargest possible number of countries to join;

15.2. calls on the countries represented in the Conference of Participants of the Register of Damageto swiftly advance to ensure the Register of Damage is operational as soon as possible and that theRegister relies, amongst other sources, on the information coming from Ukrainian non-governmentalorganisations and human rights defenders; and to provide periodic reporting on its functioning;

15.3. calls on member and non member States and other States to swiftly advance on future stepstowards accountability and justice, namely the establishment of a comprehensive compensationmechanism, including an international commission for the examination of claims for the damagesrecorded in the Register of Damage, and a compensation fund to pay out the decisions forcompensation of damage awarded by the commission, in particular by confiscating and otherwise usingthe Russian Federation’s assets to pay for war damages in Ukraine;

15.4. supports the activity of the "core group" of countries prepared to support the creation of a specialinternational tribunal for the crime of aggression and calls on the "core group" to come to an agreementon its legal form as soon as possible, taking into account the need to maximise its internationallegitimacy and to minimise possible legal issues, in particular regarding the possible reliance of keysuspects on personal or functional immunity;

15.5. calls on the international community to strongly support the International Criminal Court (ICC)and the Joint Investigation Team (JIT), including the International Centre for the Prosecution of theCrime of Aggression against Ukraine (ICPA), to investigate and prosecute the numerous war crimesand crimes against humanity that Russian soldiers, commanders and their proxies have committed orordered in Ukraine, since the beginning of the aggression in 2014, as well as the crime of aggressioncommitted by the political and military leadership of the Russian Federation, and support efforts to bringto justice those responsible for the forcible transfer of Ukrainian children;

15.6. standing in solidarity with all Ukrainian victims of enforced disappearances, their families andrelatives, calls on the international community to demand:

15.6.1. that the Russian Federation compiles a list of illegally detained persons as a result of the aggression against Ukraine for its transmission to the United Nations, Ukraine or a third country that will ensure their return to Ukraine;

15.6.2. the immediate and unconditional release of victims of enforced disappearances, the dismantling of filtration camps, and the punishment of the perpetrators.

16. Recalling the speech delivered by President Zelenskyy to the United Nations General Assembly inSeptember 2023, the Assembly calls on all States that uphold the rules-based international order to:

16.1. support President Zelenskyy’s peace formula;

16.2. support Ukraine in its struggle to defend its independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity by providing political, financial, legal, humanitarian and military assistance, and by mobilising the resources that will be necessary to finance the reconstruction of Ukraine, redress environmental damage, and restore the rich cultural and religious heritage of the country.

17. Welcoming the initiative of the Council of the European Union to hold a meeting of Foreign Ministers inKyiv on 2 October 2023, for the first time ever in a non-European Union member State, the Assembly calls onparliaments and governments of Council of Europe member States to spare no efforts to support Ukraine in itspath towards accession to the European Union as a fully-fledged member.

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18.1. invites parliaments of member and non-member States to support Ukraine by:

18.1.1. holding governments to account in their resolve to secure the victory of Ukraine and a comprehensive, just and lasting peace;

18.1.2. ensuring the relevant budgetary resources and the necessary legislative decisions;

18.1.3. raising awareness among their citizens about the stakes of the war;

18.1.4. working towards the implementation of an effective system of accountability of the Russian Federation;

18.1.5. stepping up all possible efforts to ensure the return of deported Ukrainian children to their families;

18.1.6. addressing the alarming situation of Ukrainian political prisoners illegally detained by the Russian Federation so that all those unjustly incarcerated for their political beliefs are immediately released;

18.2. encourages parliaments to boost parliamentary diplomacy, inter-parliamentary dialogue and diplomatic efforts to rally allies in support of Ukraine at the global level, and promote a multilateral system of global governance firmly rooted in the rule of law;

18.3. contributes by providing expertise and advice, to greater institutional capacity of the Verkhovna Rada and to strengthening Ukraine’s democratic resilience;

18.4. encourages parliaments to actively participate in the parliamentary dimension of the International Crimea Platform, including taking part in its forthcoming Second Parliamentary Summit to be held in Prague, Czech Republic, on 23-24 October 2023;

18.5. invites parliaments of member States to keep open channels of dialogue with democratic opposition forces in the Russian Federation and in Belarus which respect Council of Europe values, including the specific criteria established in this regard, support the victory of Ukraine, respect the territorial integrity of Council of Europe member States and publicly condemn Russian aggression.

18. Welcoming the conclusions of the European Conference of Presidents of Parliaments held in Dublin on28-29 September 2023, which stressed the contribution that national parliaments can give in setting thecourse of Europe’s future, the Assembly:

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Resolution 2517 (2023)1Provisional version

Humanitarian situation in Nagorno-Karabakh

Parliamentary Assembly

1. Recalling Azerbaijan’s “commitment to a peaceful settlement of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict” asspecified in Opinion 222 (2000), the Parliamentary Assembly strongly condemns the military operationlaunched by the Azerbaijani army in Nagorno-Karabakh on 19 September 2023. The Assembly recognises theterritorial integrity of Azerbaijan. It underlines that this entails the responsibility of this country for the actions ittakes within its internationally recognised borders.

2. The Assembly notes that this military operation took place after a ten-month period during which theArmenian population of this region has been denied free and safe access through the Lachin Corridor, theonly road allowing it to reach Armenia and the rest of the world, leading to a situation of extremely acute foodand supply shortages and high vulnerability of all inhabitants. This was in clear disregard of the provisionaland interim measures addressed to Azerbaijan by the International Court of Justice and the European Courtof Human Rights, whose decisions also noted the obligation of Azerbaijan under the 2020 Trilateral Statementto “guarantee the security of persons, vehicles and cargo moving along the Lachin Corridor in both directions”.In this context, the Assembly recalls the most recent decision of the European Court of Human Rights of22 September 2023 to indicate interim measures under Rule 39 of its Rules in respect of Azerbaijan andurges Azerbaijan to implement them without further delay.

3. The Assembly deeply regrets that just at a time when the situation concerning the transport of thehumanitarian supply to the population seemed to improve and a glimpse of hope was emerging, a contributingfactor to the escalation of the situation was the killing of Azerbaijani civilians and law enforcement personnel ina mine explosion and Azerbaijan took the decision to launch this show of force. Indeed, the combination ofacute food and supply shortages for the population over a period of months, followed by a military operationand the opening of the corridor towards Armenia for departures, following each other in such shortsuccession, could be perceived as being designed to incite the civilian population to leave the country.

4. The Assembly strongly believes that this long-standing and tragic conflict can only be resolvedpeacefully, through dialogue and unambiguous signals of goodwill, and on the basis of the applicableinternational law, fully respecting the human rights of everyone living there.

5. The Assembly recalls the positive obligations of Azerbaijan to ensure the protection of everyone livingin its sovereign territory and under its jurisdiction, including the Armenian population of this region. Theseobligations are enshrined in the international human rights treaties to which Azerbaijan is a party, in particularthe European Convention on Human Rights (ETS No. 5) and the Framework Convention for the Protection ofNational Minorities (ETS No. 157), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and theInternational Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination.

6. The Assembly underlines the obligation now incumbent on Azerbaijan, under Articles 2 and 3 of theEuropean Convention on Human Rights, to conduct a thorough, transparent, independent and effectiveinvestigation into the deaths, disappearances and allegations of ill-treatment which occurred during and after

1. Assembly debate on 12 October 2023 (23rd sitting) (see Doc. 15840, report of the Committee on Migration, Refugeesand Displaced Persons, rapporteur: Mr Domagoj Hajduković). Text adopted by the Assembly on 12 October 2023(23rd sitting).

See also Recommendation 2260 (2023).

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7. The Assembly recalls that Azerbaijan is further bound by international standards for the protection ofnational minorities and for the prevention of population displacement and has moreover the obligation toprovide and allow for humanitarian assistance to those Armenians remaining as of today on its territory in theregion.

8. The Assembly notes the promises made by the Republic of Azerbaijan that the rights and freedoms ofthe Armenian residents will be ensured in line with its Constitution and applicable international obligations,including those mentioned above. The Assembly notes the announcement of the plans of the Government ofthe Republic of Azerbaijan with respect to the reintegration of Armenian residents and ensuring their rights,including in such areas as security, socio-economic development and religious, cultural and linguistic rights.

9. The Assembly welcomes the invitation by Azerbaijan to the United Nations to visit the region and notesthe preliminary conclusions of the United Nations mission that took place on 1 October 2023. It also welcomesthe planned visit by the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights to Azerbaijan, including itsNagorno-Karabakh region, and the co-operation of the Azerbaijani authorities to facilitate this visit. TheAssembly expects that this invitation will be extended to its members as well.

10. The Assembly has witnessed with great sadness and a sense of powerlessness the massive exodusover recent days of the Armenian population from this region of Azerbaijan, following on immediately from thelaunch of the military operation and the agreement reached by the Azerbaijan authorities with the self-proclaimed authorities, who have announced their dissolution.

11. Strongly regretting that almost the entire Armenian population of the region – more than 100 600persons at the time of the adoption of this resolution – has left its ancestral homeland and fled to Armenia,certainly out of genuine threat of physical extinction, a long-standing policy of hatred in Azerbaijan towardsArmenians and a lack of trust in their future treatment by the Azerbaijani authorities, the Assembly recognisesthe huge responsibility now placed upon Armenia to cope with the refugee crisis underway. The Assemblyalso notes, according to the available information, that the relevant independent bodies present on theground, such as the United Nations Agencies, have not recorded incidences of mistreatment by Azerbaijaniauthorities of Armenians leaving for Armenia. It welcomes the declarations of support and solidarity clearlyexpressed in Armenia for the refugees and calls on the Council of Europe member States to accompanyArmenia in this endeavour by providing not only financial support but also expertise, in particular in the area ofmental health and psychological support for this traumatised population. The Council of Europe memberStates should also be ready to demonstrate European solidarity in welcoming a part of the refugee population,should those persons wish to settle elsewhere.

12. The Assembly regrets the human tragedy unfolding today, as well as the long-standing and continuingfailure on the part of the authorities of Azerbaijan to reassure the Armenian population of this region of theirsafety and the full respect of their rights, and to guarantee an approach to their future, free of acts orexpressions of reprisals or revenge for the events which took place in the 1990s and during the 2020 war.

13. In its Resolution 2508 (2023), the Assembly noted the lack of acknowledgment on the part of theleadership of Azerbaijan for the very serious humanitarian and human rights consequences stemming fromthe blockade of the Lachin Corridor. The factual situation today, with the massive exodus of the almost entireArmenian population from this region, has led to allegations and reasonable suspicion that this can amount toethnic cleansing. The Assembly notes in this respect that the practice of ethnic cleansing, may give rise toindividual criminal responsibility under international law, in so far as it has the characteristics of specific warcrimes (ordering the displacement of civilian population) or crimes against humanity (deportation or forcibletransfer of population and persecution against any identifiable group), in accordance with the Rome Statute ofthe International Criminal Court and general international law. The Assembly notes the strong statements ofAzerbaijan refuting such allegations and suspicions and calls upon the authorities to spare no efforts inproving in deeds and words that this is not the case.

its recent military operation. It also has an obligation under Protocol No. 4 to the Convention (ETS No. 46) to respect the right of the Armenians of this region to freedom of movement, including the right to leave any country (Article 2 of Protocol No. 4), and the right to enter the territory of the State of which they are nationals (Article 3 of Protocol No. 4). These rights, as well as the right to respect for private and family lives and their homes (Article 8) and the right to the peaceful enjoyment of possessions (Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 (ETS No. 9)) would be breached if the Armenians who have fled the region were to be prevented from returning voluntarily to the homes and lands they left behind or if these were to be transferred or de facto expropriated.

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14. The Assembly strongly believes that this tragic exodus of almost a whole population from its ancestralhomeland must not be accepted as the new reality: it is not too late for Azerbaijan to redress the situation andprove its goodwill. As a member State of the Council of Europe, Azerbaijan can and should demonstrate, atthis difficult time, its willingness and clear intention to calm fears and uphold its obligations under the humanrights instruments to which it is a party, and its commitment to the core values of our Organisation.

15. Each man, woman, elderly person or child who has left their home because of their belief that theirpersonal and collective security as Armenians would be in peril after the recent events in the region will havetheir own story to tell. Beyond these individual human stories, the security and stability of the entire SouthCaucasus region are at stake and must be preserved, and for this reason, the Assembly calls on Azerbaijan todo everything within its power to demonstrate its willingness to live in peace with its neighbour, Armenia. TheAssembly expects both Armenia and Azerbaijan to fully respect each other’s territorial integrity andsovereignty, as well as the inviolability of their respective borders. The Assembly calls for greater regional co-operation and for the opening of regional connectivity links based on full respect of countries' sovereignty,territorial integrity and jurisdiction, as well as on the principles of equality and reciprocity. This is particularlyimportant in the context of a possible transport link with Nakhchivan which cannot be established against thewill of Armenia or to the detriment of its freely determined national interest. In this context, the Assemblysupports all efforts directed towards the normalisation of relations between Armenia and Azerbaijan, based onmutual recognition of sovereignty, inviolability of borders and territorial integrity, on the basis of the 1991Almaty Declaration.

16. It is now incumbent upon Azerbaijan to create the climate of trust and material conditions for theArmenians of this region to be able to return to their homeland. It should indeed take active steps toencourage and reassure them to do so. This involves gaining their confidence in the willingness of Azerbaijanto guarantee and uphold the protection of their lives and rights, including the right to liberty and security, theright to education in their own language, freedom of expression and freedom of assembly and association, theprohibition of discrimination, the protection of their religious and cultural rights and their right to property, aswell as the possibility to maintain transborder relations with Armenia and their relatives living there.

17. The Assembly believes that this will require genuine, immediate and public investment on the part ofAzerbaijan in clear and unequivocal statements to this end, accompanied by discussions with the relevantparties on the concrete measures which will be put in place to protect the security, language, religious, culturaland other minority rights of Armenians from this region. Any expressions of intolerance or revenge for pastevents are particularly unwelcome in this period, and the Assembly calls upon Azerbaijan to pay particularattention to this aspect. Indeed, given previous such statements there is a clear onus upon the politicalleadership at the highest level to express its firm rejection of any expressions of hate or revenge. TheAssembly calls on Azerbaijan to extend its protection to the Armenian cultural heritage of the region.

18. Undoubtedly, a process of transitional justice to address the crimes which were perpetrated in the1990s and during the 2020 war will be indispensable to ensure durable and sustainable peace in the regionand between Armenia and Azerbaijan. The Assembly considers that such a process, while complex, mayprove more fruitful in restoring confidence than aggressive actions, rhetoric or the instigation of criminalproceedings against the former leaders of Nagorno-Karabakh. The Assembly calls on Azerbaijan to release alldetained representatives of Nagorno-Karabakh as well as all Armenian prisoners of war currently held inAzerbaijan.

19. The Assembly welcomes the deployment by the United Nations of a mission to Nagorno-Karabakh forthe first time in more than 30 years, the aim of which is to assess humanitarian needs in the region. Itexpresses its hope that this visit will be swiftly followed by an agreement on the part of the Azerbaijaniauthorities to organise high-level and fact-finding visits from other international bodies, in particular relevantinstitutions and bodies of the Council of Europe.

20. In this respect, the Assembly believes that a visit of the Commissioner for Human Rights in the verynear future and the visit later this year of the Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for theProtection of National Minorities in the context of its regular monitoring cycle would be a clear sign ofAzerbaijan’s willingness to engage with the Organisation on the measures now needed. The facilitation ofsuch visits will allow the Organisation to gain the best overview of the situation, conduct a more effectivedialogue with the authorities of Azerbaijan and to lend its expertise and support in redressing the situation,including as regards the protection and reassurance of the remaining Armenian population, the safeguardingof the property and other assets of those who have sought refuge abroad in the current situation, and thenecessary measures to encourage the return of this population to its homeland.

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21. In particular, the Council of Europe could offer its expertise in confidence-building measures, aiming toallow the Armenian population of this region to feel confident enough to return to its homeland and to live inpeaceful and trustful relations both with the Azerbaijani authorities and its neighbours in the region.

22. The Assembly considers that in addition to the urgent need for access to the region for the Council ofEurope relevant institutions and bodies, the authorities of Azerbaijan should regularly provide the SecretaryGeneral and the Committee of Ministers with full and detailed information on the measures which havealready been taken and that are planned to protect and enhance the rights and freedoms of the Armeniansfrom this region under the European Convention on Human Rights, in particular with a view to securingconfidence in a safe return for those who so wish.

23. Conscious of the focused scope of this report, which is centred exclusively on the humanitariansituation which has affected the Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh following Azerbaijan’s militaryoperation of 19-20 September 2023, the Assembly stands ready to examine in further depth the political andlegal implications of the unfolding situation and the measures to come. Should Azerbaijan fail to fulfil itsobligations, the Assembly shall have no other alternative than to call for the initiation of a complementary jointprocedure between the Committee of Ministers and the Parliamentary Assembly in response to a seriousviolation by Azerbaijan of its statutory obligations and challenge the credentials of the Azerbaijani delegationat its first part-session of 2024.

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Resolution 2518 (2023)1Provisional version

Call for the immediate release of Osman Kavala

Parliamentary Assembly

1. The Parliamentary Assembly recalls that Osman Kavala, a human rights defender and philanthropist,has been detained in Türkiye since 18 October 2017, charged with three different offences in an alternatingmanner which led to his continuous detention. He was initially detained on charges of having sought tooverthrow the constitutional order and the government through force and violence in relation to the 2013 GeziPark demonstrations and the 2016 attempted coup. Osman Kavala was subsequently acquitted in a domesticjudgment of 18 February 2020. This did not lead to his release. Instead, the Council of Judges andProsecutors initiated a preliminary investigation to consider taking disciplinary action against the three judgeswho acquitted Osman Kavala, and the prosecution appealed his acquittal. On 25 April 2022, the first instancecourt convicted Mr Kavala for attempting to overthrow the government by force with respect to the Gezi Parkevents only, and sentenced him to aggravated life imprisonment. The charges in respect of the attemptedcoup were not part of his conviction. He was also acquitted of additional charges relating to espionage, whichhad been added since his initial detention. On 28 December 2022, the Istanbul Regional Court of Appealrejected Mr Kavala’s appeal against the conviction and sentence and on 28 September 2023, the Court ofCassation rejected his further appeal, meaning that his conviction and aggravated life sentence are now final.

2. Throughout the process, the prosecution’s reasoning has been based on Mr Kavala meeting with thethen Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights, with members of the European Parliament,diplomats and journalists, assisting individuals to file applications before the European Court of Human Rights(“the Court”), knowing members of civil society in Türkiye and internationally, having peacefully participated indemonstrations, and other work to further human rights causes, such as supporting people in exercising theirright to freedom of expression, association and assembly. None of these elements shows criminal conduct;indeed these are all activities that fall within the classic role of a human rights defender, and many, if not all, of[them] involve the ordinary exercise of the rights enshrined in the European Convention on Human Rights(ETS No. 5, “the Convention”).

3. The Assembly further recalls that the Court found in 2019 that Osman Kavala’s detention was inviolation of, inter alia, Article 18 taken together with Article 5(1) of the Convention as it was “establishedbeyond reasonable doubt that [his detention] pursued an ulterior purpose […] namely that of reducing theapplicant to silence”. In particular, the Court found that the evidence against him was not sufficient even towarrant a reasonable suspicion that he had committed these offences. Indeed, in the 2019 judgment, theCourt examined the indictment in great detail and held that there was no credible evidence to plausiblyconclude that there existed a reasonable suspicion in support of criminal charges, let alone such a seriouscharge. The Court also held that Türkiye was to take all necessary measures to put an end to Mr Kavala’sdetention and to secure his immediate release.

1. Assembly debate on 12 October 2023 (23rd sitting) (see Doc.15841, report of the Committee on Legal Affairs andHuman Rights, rapporteur: Ms Petra Bayr). Text adopted by the Assembly on 12 October 2023 (23rd sitting).

See also Recommendation 2261 (2023).

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4. Judgments of the Court finding a violation of Article 18 of the Convention – essentially an intentionalviolation for ulterior motives – are rare in the history of the Convention, but it is of extreme concern that anysuch cases should exist within the Council of Europe member States. Moreover, in line with the criteria set outin Resolution 1900 (2012), the finding of a violation of Article 18 clearly indicates that Osman Kavala fallswithin the Assembly’s definition of political prisoner.

5. The Assembly stresses that, under Article 46(1) of the Convention, member States are bound tocomply with final judgments of the Court. However, in spite of a clear judgment of the Court requiring hisimmediate release, clear, repeated decisions and resolutions of the Committee of Ministers calling for hisimmediate release, as well as such calls in Assembly resolutions, the Turkish authorities have, up until now,not released Osman Kavala. Indeed, the Turkish authorities continued with his detention, prosecution andconviction even though the evidence against him in the case file was not credible even to warrant areasonable suspicion that he had committed these offences, let alone a prosecution or a conviction.

6. This led the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe to refer the case to the Court under Article46(4) of the Convention questioning whether Türkiye had fulfilled its obligation to implement the 2019judgment thus initiating infringement proceedings. In its judgment of 11 July 2022, in the infringementproceedings under Article 46(4), the Court held that Türkiye had indeed failed to fulfil its obligation underArticle 46(1) to abide by its Kavala judgment. It found that the additional charges of espionage were based onidentical facts to its previous findings, thus there was still no reasonable suspicion that Mr Kavala hadcommitted any criminal offence. It also stated that the primary obligation to release Osman Kavala, resultingfrom the initial judgment, continued to exist.

7. The Assembly notes that Article 46(4) judgments are extraordinarily rare; the Kavala judgment is onlythe second such judgment ever and this is the only case of a member State failing to implement a judgmenteven following an Article 46(4) judgment.

8. The Assembly is deeply concerned that, despite the clear obligation on Türkiye to immediately releaseOsman Kavala, he remains in prison. The continued refusal by the Turkish authorities to effectively executethis judgment is not only a personal tragedy for Osman Kavala and his family; it is a tragedy for the rule of lawand justice in Türkiye. Domestic courts, in the various judgments relating to Osman Kavala, have notmeaningfully engaged with the findings of the European Court of Human Rights when reviewing his case andhave certainly not respected those judgments. Given that the Turkish Constitution gives precedence to theprovisions of international treaties duly in force in the event of a conflict as to the scope of fundamental rightsand freedoms between the treaty and a domestic statute, this is difficult to understand.

9. Following the recent Court of Cassation judgment, which did not even mention the Kavala judgments ofthe European Court of Human Rights, Mr Kavala’s conviction has become final and the Turkish courts thatdealt with Mr Kavala’s case have proved themselves neither capable nor willing to respect Türkiye’sinternational human rights obligations in this matter. Although Mr Kavala may now avail himself of the right toindividual application to the Constitutional Court, it is questionable whether he has a real prospect of successgiven the Constitutional Court’s decision on his previous application concerning the unlawfulness of hisdetention.

10. The Assembly insists that it is incumbent upon the Turkish authorities, at the highest levels, to take swiftand meaningful action to comply with the Court’s judgment and to release Osman Kavala immediately.Türkiye has an obligation to execute binding judgments of the Court and a refusal to do so is incompatiblewith its international obligations. Such a refusal casts a shadow on the commitment of Türkiye to respectingthe rule of law, human rights and democratic values, which are central to all Council of Europe memberStates. Thus, in light of the exceptional circumstances present, the Assembly believes that the time has nowarrived to take steps to initiate the complementary joint procedure foreseen in its Resolution 2319 (2020).

11. The Assembly regrets the role played by Turkish prosecutors and judges who dealt with OsmanKavala’s case, in ensuring, through misuse of the law, his unlawful detention, prosecution and conviction. It isincumbent upon Türkiye to ensure that prosecutors and judges exercise the powers that have been bestowedupon them in full compliance with the rule of law, the interests of justice and human rights.

12. This truly exceptional case is undermining the basis of the Convention system as a whole. It isimperative that action is taken swiftly to secure the release of Osman Kavala and to ensure that Türkiyeupholds the rule of law and human rights and implements the two Kavala judgments of the Court.

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13. The Assembly therefore calls on Türkiye to:

13.1. respect its international obligations under the Statute of the Council of Europe (ETS No. 1) andunder the European Convention on Human Rights;

13.2. in accordance with Article 46(1) of the Convention, comply with binding judgments of the Court,and, in particular, to immediately release the human rights defender, Osman Kavala, who remainsunlawfully detained in Türkiye;

13.3. urgently improve the legal framework and conditions for respect for the rule of law, theindependence of the judiciary, the protection of human rights and compliance with the Court’sjudgments within Türkiye, so that judges can act in accordance with their constitutional roles, withsufficient guarantees that their independence will not be interfered with, that judges and prosecutors arenot enabled or do not feel encouraged to misuse the law for ulterior purposes, and to ensure thatsystemic failures are addressed, including through urgent reform of the Council of Judges andProsecutors, using the relevant expertise of the Council of Europe.

14. The Assembly calls on Council of Europe member and observer States and the European Union to:

14.1. engage with the Turkish authorities at the highest levels to urge the immediate release of humanrights defender, Osman Kavala;

14.2. undertake, as a matter of urgency, action to support improvements to the protection of the ruleof law and of human rights in Türkiye;

14.3. apply, should Türkiye fail to release Osman Kavala, “Magnitsky legislation” or other existinglegal instruments to impose targeted sanctions against those officials, including prosecutors andjudges, who are responsible for the unlawful and arbitrary deprivation of liberty of Osman Kavala.

15. This fundamental issue is also part of the dialogue between the European Union and Türkiye and, inthis context, the Assembly calls on the European Union to take full account of this serious situation whendetermining its financial support to Türkiye so that priority is given to work that promotes pluralism in a societywhich respects human rights and the rule of law.

16. If Osman Kavala has not been released from prison by 1 January 2024, this Assembly recalls its abilityto challenge the credentials of the Turkish delegation at its first Part Session of 2024.

17. For its part, the Assembly stands ready to work together closely with the Committee of Ministers, theSecretary General and Türkiye in ensuring the execution of the Kavala judgment and in securing theprotection of the Convention system as a whole, and ultimately the credibility of the Organisation, in line alsowith the Reykjavík Declaration and the emphasis put on the execution of the Court judgments.

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Resolution 2519 (2023)1Provisional version

Examining the legitimacy and legality of the ad hominem term-limit waiver for the incumbent President of the Russian Federation

Parliamentary Assembly

1. The Parliamentary Assembly stresses the importance of presidential term limits, in particular incountries where the constitution provides for a strong presidency, as opposed to those where parliament issupreme.

1.1. A president together with their political allies usually wields substantial power to nominate allies to high positions in the State, including roles in the court of accounts, electoral bodies, the central bank, the leadership of the armed forces or other security bodies. The checks and balances provided by these bodies may thereby tend to erode over time as these key positions are progressively occupied by the allies of the president. At the same time, dissenting voices gradually disappear from the president’s inner circle. Ultimately this has a high cost for the country and for the president, as a range of opinions and a functioning system of checks and balances indubitably contribute to preventing large-scale errors. Presidential term limits therefore ensure that the checks and balances provided by independent institutions do not erode over time.

1.2. Term limits also serve to keep in check those who might be tempted to use their presidential power to curtail any opposition. When they know that their term is finite and wish to live out the rest of their lives in their home country, they have an incentive not to use excessive force against political opponents, for they know that one day one of them may be elected as their successor and they will no longer be able to exercise political power to protect themselves from the consequences of their acts.

1.3. Once a president has taken the path of severe oppression of the opposition and cruelty against his or her own people, he or she risks spending the rest of their life trying to avoid accountability by clinging to office at ever higher cost to their own country, their own people and ultimately themselves.

1.4. Civil society stands as a cornerstone of any democratic nation. When there is a lack of political opposition, it not only undermines the rule of law but also results in a less diverse and enduring democratic environment. This, in turn, causes reduced citizen engagement and fosters indifference to the nation's current affairs, making the population susceptible to state propaganda.

1.5. For the above and other reasons, the Assembly considers that any country that extends presidential term limits beyond the usual two terms of four or five years is taking a large step away from democracy and the rule of law.

2. The Assembly notes that Vladimir Putin has been continuously in power as President or Prime Ministersince 2000 and that the changes made to the Russian Constitution enacted in July 2020 allow him to remainin office as President until 2036, when he will be 83 years old. The growing brutality of repression againstinternal opponents and the war of aggression against Ukraine show that the cost of the lack of checks andbalances in the Russian Federation is indeed becoming ever higher.

1. Assembly debate on 13 October 2023 (24th sitting) (see Doc. 15827, report of the Committee on Legal Affairs andHuman Rights, rapporteur: Mr Pieter Omtzigt). Text adopted by the Assembly on 13 October 2023 (24th sitting).

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3.1. The relevant constitutional changes were adopted in an ad hoc accelerated procedure not foreseen in the Russian Constitution. The regular constitutional amendment procedure requires the convocation of a Constitutional Assembly and that there shall be specific amending laws on the different changes proposed, rather than a single en bloc vote on all amendments. Instead, a novel ad hoc sui generis procedure was introduced by the Amending Law. Under this procedure, the President requested the Constitutional Court’s opinion on the compatibility with the Constitution of the Amending Law, delivered within seven days. Then a single ad hoc “nationwide vote” was held that was not subject to the strict safeguards applicable to referendums.

3.2. The Assembly therefore fully agrees with the conclusion of the Venice Commission that the novel, ad hoc procedure used to amend the Constitution creates an obvious tension with Article 16 of the Constitution which safeguards the “firm fundamentals of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation”.

3.3. The Assembly also fully shares the Venice Commission’s view that “[a] decision to alter or remove presidential term limits should be subject to thorough public scrutiny, as it has a significant impact on the political system, a country’s stability and on confidence in the electoral process. In the long term, a reform of these provisions may affect democratic quality or even democratic endurance. A broad consensus, as well as respect for constitutional and legal procedures, are crucial to maintain strong democracy and confidence in institutions and electoral processes.”

3.4. It also agrees with the Venice Commission in that “[t]o the extent that constitutional amendments strengthening or prolonging the power of high offices of state are proposed... such amendments (if enacted) should have effect only for future holders of the office, not for the incumbent.”

3.5. The Assembly therefore considers in view of the hasty procedure followed for the adoption of the amendments in question, the en bloc vote on very disparate issues, including protection of social rights, and the fact that the incumbent himself benefits from these changes, that the international standards summed up by the Venice Commission were clearly not met. The abolition of presidential term limits for the benefit of MM. Putin and Medvedev thus violates not only the Russian constitution, but also well-established international legal principles.

4. The overwhelming power of the President resulting from the extremely long term in office combinedwith the lack of any checks and balances such as a strong parliament, an independent judiciary, free mediaand a vibrant civil society has turned the Russian Federation into a de facto dictatorship.

5. These tendencies, with limited response from the international community, set a concerning precedentfor countries lacking a robust democratic tradition, as seen in the case of Belarus, where the self-proclaimedpresident de facto maintains power despite the results of the 2020 elections not being recognised.

6. As the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine and its political and economic consequences show,dictatorships constitute a threat to international peace and security and to the territorial integrity and politicalindependence of their neighbours, within the meaning of Article 2 of the Charter of the United Nations. TheRussian Federation employs acts of aggression against sovereign nations as a strategy to enhance thePresident’s domestic image, with the Chechen wars of the late 1990s, the Russian Federation’s influence inthe Transnistria region of Moldova, and its aggression against Georgia in 2008 serving as illustrativeexamples. Dictatorships also destroy the fundamental rights and the social and economic well-being of theirown population. It is therefore in the interest first and foremost of the people of the Russian Federation, butalso of Europe and the whole world that democracy be restored in the Russian Federation.

7. The Assembly recalls that all States parties to the Statute of the International Criminal Court are legallybound to arrest Vladimir Putin when he enters their jurisdiction on the basis of the arrest warrant issued by theInternational Criminal Court on 17 March 2023.

8. The Assembly calls on the member States of the Council of Europe to recognise Vladimir Putin asillegitimate after the end of his current presidential term and to cease all contact with him, except forhumanitarian contact and in the pursuit of peace.

3. The Assembly recalls that the European Commission for Democracy through Law (VeniceCommission) in its Interim Opinion of 23 March 2021 found that the ad hominem term-limit waiver for theincumbent President of the Russian Federation violates both Russian constitutional law and international legalprinciples.

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9. The Assembly finally reiterates its strong support for the creation of an ad hoc international criminaltribunal for the crime of aggression, which is needed in order to hold to account the Russian leadership,including Vladimir Putin, for the original crime enabling all other war crimes and crimes against humanity,namely the launch of the war of aggression against Ukraine.

10. The Assembly considers that the ad hoc international criminal tribunal should investigate all events onthe territory of Ukraine from February 2014, starting with the illegal annexation of Crimea, the war in theDonbas region and the downing of flight MH17.

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Resolution 2520 (2023)1Provisional version

Preventing addictive behaviours in children

Parliamentary Assembly

1. The Parliamentary Assembly is dismayed by the addictive behaviours of children and the impact thishas on their mental and physical health and their development. It notes that to date prevention policies havenot succeeded in curbing the growth in these behaviours or the increasing number of forms they are taking.

2. Although cannabis is still one of the most widely used drugs, including by children, the continuedemergence of new drugs is a growing problem factor where it comes to devising drug prevention policies. Inaddition, new addictive behaviours, linked mainly to the use of digital tools and applications, complicateattempts to address the problem. Exposure of children to addictive substances and addictive behaviours grewin the context of the Covid-19 pandemic and the ensuing socio-economic crisis. During lockdowns, pre-existing prevention measures often lacked flexibility and hence effectiveness.

3. The Assembly seeks to ensure respect for every child’s right to a healthy life, as underlined in theUnited Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, which guarantees “the right of the child to theenjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health and to facilities for the treatment of illness andrehabilitation of health” and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal No. 3, whose aim is to ensurehealthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages, which includes the strengthening of “the preventionand treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol”.

4. The Assembly attaches importance to States’ preventing or reducing addictive behaviours, thuseliminating their disastrous physical, psychological and social consequences, which hinder children’sdevelopment and well-being. Bearing in mind the child’s best interest, it proposes setting up flexible,responsive measures taking account of trends in addictive behaviours, based on a holistic approach to thesituations which children face. In this respect, it should be noted that although addictive behaviours in childrenoccur in all socio-economic settings, it is clear nonetheless that children living in disadvantaged environmentsor whose parents or close relatives use drugs are more prone to addictive behaviours.

5. The Assembly would also like to point out that for prevention and treatment of addictive behaviours asearly as possible to be effective, measures must be introduced which target young children, including the veryyoung, particularly when they are exposed to addictive behaviour in their environment.

6. In the light of the current lack of responsiveness or the inadequacy of policies to combat drugs andaddictions in children, the Assembly considers it necessary for States to step up research on prevention andinnovative prevention practices, both to combat addictions which have been known for some time and in thelight of the addictive behaviours which have arisen in recent years.

7. Bearing in mind these considerations, the Assembly invites the Council of Europe member States to setup tools which help to prevent the use by children of the main substances, to develop comprehensiveprotective measures geared to various addictive behaviours and to identify long-term responses to new trendsin addictive behaviours, in keeping with the child’s best interest. Policies and action plans must include

1. Assembly debate on 13 October 2023 (24th sitting) (see Doc. 15830, report of the Committee on Social Affairs,Health and Sustainable Development, rapporteur: Ms Diana Stoica). Text adopted by the Assembly on 13 October 2023(24th sitting).

See also Recommendation 2262 (2023).

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8. In particular, the Assembly invites the Council of Europe member States to:

8.1. devise measures to strengthen the capacities of parents and families using drugs and alcohol toprevent addictions among the children of such families;

8.2. develop innovative prevention mechanisms involving children and young adults in dialogue withtheir peers. It also suggests devising trainings for young children and adolescents on ways of resistingthe negative influence of their classmates, adults, the media or an environment that encourages the useof drugs or alcohol;

8.3. train adults working with children, particularly in schools, sports clubs and medical contexts, to detect addictive behaviours in children and to report them so that they can be dealt with or to deal with them directly;

8.4. reinforce the prohibition on the supply or sale of drugs and alcohol to children, including through systematic and proportionate penalties for suppliers and dealers;

8.5. set up reception spaces for children which are easily accessible and offer a comprehensive approach to the management of problems they must face, including psychological and social support designed to enhance their potential to manage difficult personal or external circumstances;

8.6. assess the problem of the consumption of inhaling products and its impact on children’s health;

8.7. combat synthetic drugs, targeting trafficking aimed at children in particular.

9. The Assembly asks the member States to co-operate closely with the digital industry with a view to:

9.1. prohibiting the online sale of psychoactive substances and alcohol to children and child access to online gambling and betting in the same way as in the real world;

9.2. prohibiting any form of online advertising of these substances and offers of gambling and betting to children;

9.3. setting up online child-appropriate prevention campaigns concerning online gambling and betting and the excessive use of digital devices.

10. The Assembly invites Council of Europe member States as well as observer States and States whoseparliaments enjoy observer or partner for democracy status with the Assembly, which have not yet done so, tojoin the enlarged partial agreement which established the Council of Europe International Cooperation Groupon Drugs and Addictions (Pompidou Group).

research, prevention, risk reduction and treatment, and take stock of the actual experiences of children in different age categories, including young children. The Assembly insists on the protective approach of prevention policies aimed at children, including age-appropriate information about addictive substances and their consequences, and tools designed to limit access to them. In this connection, account should be taken of children’s specific needs, with targeted action for certain more vulnerable categories and measures catering for the various types of addictive behaviours.

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Resolution 2521 (2023)1Provisional version

Mental health and well-being of children and young adults

Parliamentary Assembly

1. The fulfilment of the right to health, as recognised by numerous international and regional instrumentssuch as the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the European Social Charter(ETS No. 35), is fundamental for the well-being of every human being. This right also encompasses, as anessential component, the right to mental health: a state of mental well-being which allows the individual torealise their potential, cope with the normal stresses of life, work and participate in their community.

2. Children and young adults today face a world characterised by multiple crises and much uncertainty.The Covid-19 pandemic had a devastating effect on their mental health and well-being. However, challengesto their mental health and well-being were already present before the pandemic: Today’s young generationhas, in addition, lived through the global financial crisis and its repercussions (including misguided austeritymeasures), a cost-of-living crisis, uncertainties on the job market (inter alia linked to advances in machinelearning and artificial intelligence), and a war in Europe. Moreover, global transformations such as the ever-intensifying climate crisis, the ageing of populations, digitalisation and rising inequalities have createdsignificant uncertainties about the future young people and unborn generations can expect.

3. The imposition of restrictions related to Covid-19 adversely influenced the mental health of manyindividuals. The main victims, however, are reported to have been children, adolescents, and young adults,who were disproportionately affected by the disruption in education, social isolation, economic instability, andgeneral uncertainty about the future. Their well-being and life satisfaction steeply declined during this period,thus putting them at a higher risk of developing mental health problems. Within this group, children and youngpeople from disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds, persons with disabilities, LGBTQI+, minorities,refugees and undocumented migrants, undoubtedly suffered the most. The surge in mental health problemswhich occurred during the pandemic uncovered long-standing deficiencies in the way that mental healthsystems are organised, managed, and funded at national levels.

4. Against this background, the Parliamentary Assembly believes that States should seize this opportunityto advance with regard to improving mental health and recalls that the right to mental health includes accessto timely and appropriate mental health care and treatment for all. A key step in this regard is to integratemental health into national health systems, especially primary and community-based health services. Thehealthcare provided must be holistic and focus on treating the person as a whole, including addressing mentalhealth, as well as social, economic and environmental factors that can impact a person’s overall well-being,rather than just their physical symptoms. It is critical to raise awareness of these issues from a young age,also in order to “de-dramatise” problems related to mental health. Coercion in mental health must be phasedout.

5. The Assembly welcomes the shift to a human rights-based approach to mental health and therecognition that there is “no health without mental health”. It applauds recent efforts by the World HealthOrganization, the United Nations and other influential global actors in recognising mental health as an integral

1. Assembly debate on 13 October 2023 (24th sitting) (see Doc. 15829, report of the Committee on Social Affairs,Health and Sustainable Development, rapporteur: Mr Simon Moutquin). Text adopted by the Assembly on 13 October2023 (24th sitting).

See also Recommendation 2263 (2023).

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6. The Assembly recalls that human rights do not exist in a vacuum. As such, States’ obligations towardsfulfilment of mental health includes both immediate obligations and requirements to undertake deliberate,concrete and targeted actions to progressively realise other obligations. The Assembly joins the UnitedNations Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard ofphysical and mental health in urging States to use appropriate indicators and benchmarks to monitor progresson mental health, with indicators to be disaggregated by factors including sexual orientation, gender identity,age, race, ethnicity, disability and socio-economic status.

7. In light of these considerations, the Assembly recommends that the Council of Europe member States:

7.1. build up strong health systems at national level and mainstream mental health across all policiesby:

7.1.1. allocating the necessary funding to establish a well-functioning, human rights-compliant mental health system and ensure the appropriate training of mental health professionals;

7.1.2. decentralising health-care services, so that people get timely mental health care that meets their individual needs regardless of where they live;

7.1.3. implementing universal health coverage, thus removing financial barriers to mental health care, ensuring that everybody has access to these services, irrespective of their socio-economic status, ethnic background, sexual orientation, gender identity or legal status;

7.1.4. integrating mental health into primary and community-based services and treating mental health with the same attention and seriousness as physical health;

7.1.5. simplifying administrative procedures and bureaucratic processes to make them more user-friendly and provide better information to users and their carers on their rights;

7.1.6. offering holistic, multisectoral and low-threshold mental health care services, such as drop-in centres, community-based programmes, peer support, and phone and chat services;

7.1.7. implementing the necessary educational reforms and campaigns in order to end the stigma and misinformation associated with mental health issues, in collaboration with trusted persons and organisations in communities where this is the case;

7.1.8. providing appropriate mental health first-aid training in hospitals, schools and universities, workplaces, prisons and detention centres, and law enforcement;

7.1.9. designing targeted and inclusive health services that meet the needs of underserved communities, in particular refugees and migrants, persons with disabilities and LGBTQI+ youth;

7.1.10. providing appropriate and necessary information, training, support and relief to families of young people struggling with mental health problems, including siblings, parents and other carers;

7.1.11. providing educational resources related to mental health to children, adolescents and young adults, as well as to their parents or other carers, in order to ensure the timely detection of mental health problems and provide information on how to maintain good mental health;

7.1.12. quickly responding to crises and emergency situations, including, but not limited to, wars, forced displacements and natural disasters, and developing national strategies on how to best support the mental health and well-being of children and young adults in such circumstances;

7.1.13. performing vulnerability screenings of refugees and asylum seekers and following the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) handbook on interpretation in asylum interviews; children should never be made to interpret the traumata of their parents;

7.2. take action to address other concerns that impact the mental health and well-being of children and young adults by:

7.2.1. ensuring equitable access to quality education to children and young adults, and meaningful work for young persons;

component of health and a human rights development imperative. Good mental health is a cornerstone for the achievement of many goals in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Moreover, the Assembly underlines the critical importance of reducing stigma and shame associated with mental health problems.

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7.2.2. reducing socio-economic inequalities and making the fight against extreme child poverty a priority;

7.2.3. empowering young people and including them in decision-making processes, taking their concerns seriously, including on issues such as the environment and racial discrimination, where young people are the stakeholders for the future;

7.2.4. taking measures to tackle young people’s financial and employment insecurity;

7.2.5. encouraging employers to ensure appropriate work-life balance, leaving employees, including young people, with enough flexibility and time to rest and pursue other interests;

7.2.6. taking measures to protect children and young people from being exposed to inappropriate and harmful content on social media;

7.3. take the necessary precautions to protect the mental health of children, adolescents and young adults in the event of a public health emergency or confinement period by:

7.3.1. keeping educational facilities open and functional for as long as this is possible, while taking into account the importance of protecting the population;

7.3.2. facilitating equitable access to necessary equipment and materials for at-home learning, in the event that the continuous operation of educational facilities is no longer feasible;

7.3.3. ensuring tailored follow-up and support to young persons with a history of mental health needs;

7.3.4. ensuring that all measures taken to tackle the public health emergency are transparent, proportionate, and in line with the best interests of the child;

7.3.5. consulting children and young adults with regard to any decision that may affect their rights, mental health and well-being;

7.3.6. disseminating information specifically targeted to a younger audience, as seen in the good practice example of Norway.

8. The Assembly believes that parliaments have a responsibility to ensure that children’s and youngpeople’s voices are listened to and incorporated into legislative processes, in order to promote a moreinclusive and representative democracy. By creating spaces for dialogue and collaboration in parliaments, weas parliamentarians, can foster an environment where children and young people feel valued and understood,and can effect change. As such, the Assembly recommends that parliaments within the Council of Europemember States frequently invite children and young people to parliamentary hearings, get to know their pointof view on matters that affect them and empower them in policy-making processes.

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Resolution 2522 (2023)1Provisional version

The humanitarian crisis emerging for Afghanistan and Afghan refugees

Parliamentary Assembly

1. The Parliamentary Assembly reiterates its deepest concern at the ongoing situation in Afghanistan aswell as the protracted Afghan refugee crisis as expressed in its Resolution 2403 (2021) “The situation inAfghanistan: consequences for Europe and the region”. It acknowledges that the situation dramaticallyworsened since August 2021.

2. The Assembly strongly condemns the exclusion by the de facto authorities, of ethnic and religiousminorities as well as particular groups in society – especially the Hazaras, the Tajiks, Christians, LGBTIQA+communities and women – from the management of public affairs and their exposure to discrimination andtargeted violence.

3. The Assembly forcefully condemns the systemic violence against women and girls enshrined in rights-violating edicts. It considers that documented evidence exists which may justify the consideration of genderpersecution under crimes against humanity in the International Criminal Court’s ongoing investigation onAfghanistan pursuant to Articles 5(b) and 7.1(h) of the Rome Statute.

4. The Assembly expresses its solidarity with the Afghan people and salutes the courage of all Afghans,not least women and girls, who strive to claim their rights in extremely dangerous and adverse circumstancesinside Afghanistan and in exile.

5. The present resolution aims to explore concrete avenues for the Council of Europe and its memberStates to further address the immediate protection needs of Afghans whilst envisioning some policy co-ordination mechanisms beyond the humanitarian and short-term protection approach.

6. The reaffirmed values and standards by the Heads of State and Government of the Council of Europein the Reykjavík Declaration constitute a robust baseline to delineate such an approach based on the respectof individual human rights as enshrined in the European Convention on Human Rights (ETS No. 5) as well ason solidarity across member States in Europe. This approach is also reinforced through political dialogue withexternal partners notably the United Nations and the European Union.

7. In this effort, the Assembly acknowledges Resolution S/RES/2626(2022) by the United Nations SecurityCouncil as well as the European Parliament Resolution 2022/2955(RSP) on “The human rights situation inAfghanistan, especially the deterioration of women’s rights and attacks against educational institutions.”

8. The Assembly notes that Afghans are the third largest nationality seeking asylum across Europeamong them many unaccompanied children and teenagers in transition to adulthood. It recalls thecommitments by the Council of Europe member States enshrined in the 2021-2025 Action Plan on ProtectingVulnerable Persons in the Context of Migration and Asylum in Europe (CM(2021)67-final), in

1. Assembly debate on 13 October 2023 (24th sitting) (see Doc. 15831, report of the Committee on Migration, Refugeesand Displaced Persons, rapporteur: Mr Birgir Thórarinsson). Text adopted by the Assembly on 13 October 2023(24th sitting).

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9. People fleeing persecutions, hunger, or insecurity, be they recognised as refugees or not, cannot beblamed for seeking safety and integration. The Assembly warns against anti-migrant and anti-refugeesentiment mounting across Europe, including against Afghans.

10. With 95% of displaced Afghans in Pakistan and in Iran, the Assembly acknowledges that both countrieshave contributed an important share to the reception of these people and stresses the importance for memberStates to contribute to this effort as well. It regrets that many member States lowered their annual resettlementquotas at a time when reception needs have never been higher according to 2022 Global Trends Report onforced displacement of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).

11. In line with UNHCR’s Guidance Note on the International Protection Needs of People FleeingAfghanistan issued in February 2023:

11.1. the Assembly considers deportations to Afghanistan are not acceptable under the current circumstances and that forced removals should be immediately halted;

11.2. any voluntary return of Afghans including via state-sponsored programmes should be monitored in co-ordination with the UNHCR in line with applicable the European Convention on Human Rights standards and European Court of Human Rights case law on the various aspects of vulnerability to which returnees may be exposed;

11.3. the Assembly observes that growing restrictions apply for Afghans in Iran and Pakistan with increasing risks of forced removal. It considers that member States should not return Afghans to Pakistan and Iran as it may expose them to discrimination in accessing their rights and to deportation to Afghanistan.

12. The Assembly considers that Afghans in exile should be provided with dignified reception andintegration as long as durable and safe return to Afghanistan is impossible:

12.1. the Assembly aligns with the European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA) which considers that women and girls are at risk of persecution and that their fear of persecution is in general well-founded and substantiated. It welcomes efforts made by some member States which facilitate access to protection for Afghan women and girls, and encourages all member States to harmonise their practices accordingly;

12.2. the Assembly welcomes the adoption by the Committee of Ministers of Recommendation CM/Rec(2022)17 on protecting the rights of migrant, refugee and asylum-seeking women and girls, and calls for a fast and effective implementation of this important instrument across Europe;

12.3. the Assembly recalls that the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (CETS No. 210) requires that signatory States take the necessary measures to prevent, investigate, punish and provide reparation for acts of gender-based and domestic violence. Such measures should be implemented without discrimination on any ground, including on the basis of migrant or refugee status;

12.4. the Assembly urges member States to commit to the resettlement and humanitarian pledges they have announced for Afghans and to increase their quotas. Concrete relocation and family reunification mechanisms must be enacted rapidly and should involve co-ordination with the relevant European Union authorities and the UNHCR. The Assembly welcomes the establishment in 2021 by the EUAA of the Expert Platform on safe pathways for Afghans in the framework of its Resettlement and Humanitarian Admission Network;

12.5. ensuring that Afghans are provided with a form of registration should be considered a priority by all member States. Particular attention should be given to unaccompanied minors and children transiting to adulthood. The Assembly recalls Recommendation CM/Rec(2019)11 and Explanatory Memorandum CM(2022)81-add on effective guardianship for unaccompanied and separated children in the context of migration. It draws attention to the role of local and regional authorities as well as civil society organisations in these efforts and recalls Resolution 487(2022) and Recommendation 481(2022) of the Congress of Local and Regional authorities of the Council of Europe “Reception of women and children refugees in Europe’s cities and regions”, and Recommendation CONF-

Recommendation of the Committee of Ministers to member States CM/Rec(2022)22 on human rights principles and guidelines on age assessment in the context of migration and its explanatory memorandum, as well as in Recommendation CM/Rec(2019)4 on supporting young refugees in transition to adulthood.

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AG(2023)REC2 for a Global Approach of the Rights of Refugees and Migrants and the Role of Civil Society, adopted by the Conference of international non-governmental organisations of the Council of Europe;

12.6. in instances where Afghans do not hold a form of international protection and associated residence permit, other forms of legal registration providing (at least temporary) leave to remain should be made accessible (such as work or student visa). This would help ensure that return decisions do not result from a lack of any alternative to a an ultimately non-durable and potentially dangerous return.

13. The Assembly is very concerned about the obstacles faced by asylum-seekers, including Afghans, toaccess fair, effective, and individualised procedures in Europe, as well as obstacles to family reunificationwhen applicable:

13.1. in line with rulings from the European Court of Human Rights, as well as Assembly Resolution 2462 (2022) “Pushbacks on land and sea: illegal measures of migration management”, pushbacks preventing individuals from seeking asylum on European territory, whether perpetrated by State or non-State actors, must immediately cease. Allegations of pushbacks must be fully investigated and those responsible be held to account. Effective complaints mechanisms for victims should be in place to allow such investigations;

13.2. all efforts should be made by State authorities to facilitate access to independent monitoring bodies in areas where people on the move are known to arrive, including border areas, as recommended by the Committee for the Prevention against Torture in its 32nd General Report of March 2023;

13.3. safe third country clauses cannot be used as a justification for providing lesser procedural safeguards to asylum-seekers. The burden of proof should not be heavier when assessing the admissibility of asylum requests against such clause for it often results in blocking access to protection for people in need.

14. The Assembly reasserts its commitment expressed in Resolution 2379 (2021) “Role of parliaments inimplementing the United Nations global compacts for migrants and refugees” to operationalise the principlesof burden and responsibility-sharing:

14.1. in line with Resolution 2502 (2023) “Integration of migrants and refugees: benefits for all parties involved”, the Assembly calls on member States to engage in the European Qualifications Passport for Refugees (EQPR) programme which comprises a tailor-made module on Afghan refugees and asylum-seekers, targeting credential evaluators. All member States are encouraged to recognise the EQPR as a valid assessment of the holders’ qualifications to enrol in higher education across Europe, even if to be used in a country that is not part of the EQPR;

14.2. the Assembly echoes the invitation made by the Committee of Ministers in its reply to the Assembly’s Recommendation 2248 (2023) “European solidarity in the context of asylum and international protection” to all member States to consider acceding to the Council of Europe Development Bank (CEB). It calls on member States to maintain their support to the Migrants and Refugee Fund especially through grants;

14.3. the Assembly emphasises that lack of a harmonised approach across States may increase the risk of unaccompanied children going missing. It encourages member States to co-ordinate on resettlement and relocation procedures, in line with the European Union law and Visa Code when pertinent. Unaccompanied Afghan children should be registered as international protection holders to ease family reunification;

14.4. the Assembly invites member States to maintain and increase their support to UNHCR especially through unearmarked funding so that UNHCR programmes in support of Afghans displaced in Afghanistan and in neighbouring countries can be sustained;

14.5. the Assembly is hopeful that member States, but also local authorities, will continue allocating sufficient funding to support their reception efforts. It stresses the importance of refraining from nationality-specific earmarking which may exclude some people from reception and support programmes which they might otherwise be eligible for, based on vulnerability and other individual criteria.

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15. In Afghanistan, the Assembly:

15.1. calls on member States whose consular services have been suspended to explore the possibilityof co-ordinating some part of the visa request processes with member States whose consular servicesare still functioning in Kabul, provided that they share similar eligibility criteria for humanitarian or familyreunification visas;

15.2. calls on member States to explore the possibility to resume their consular services in Kabul witha view to facilitating access to protection for Afghans most at risk especially women and children, in thecase where individuals are unable to or prevented from exiting Afghan territory;

15.3. agrees that the external representations of member States may inform country of origininformation reports and be instrumental in enhancing support, including financially, to Afghan civilsociety especially in support of women and girls. The possibility for direct scholarship for privateeducation in medical studies, one of the only areas of education still accessible to women to date, maybe explored. Such efforts should be co-ordinated with United Nations programmes deployed inAfghanistan, the European External Action Service and the European Civil Protection and HumanitarianAid Operations field office in Kabul;

15.4. in line with UN Security Council Resolution S/Res/2626(2022), encourages member States, inco-ordination with the European External Action Service, to increase aid and co-operation funding. Ithighlights the importance of a gradual shift from humanitarian assistance to a development-orientedapproach in Afghanistan.

16. In Pakistan and in Iran, the Assembly:

16.1. encourages member States to streamline visa processes and to alleviate some of the eligibilityand administrative requirements for visa requests. Member States should harmonise procedures andpractices whenever imposing similar admissibility thresholds. They should co-ordinate their approachwith the European Union to adopt a common approach on family reunification and relocation of Afghanswhenever such relocation into an European Union member State involves elements falling under theEuropean Union Visa Code requirements;

16.2. aligns itself with Recommendation CM/Rec(2022)17 and calls on member States “to fundspecific assistance and humanitarian resettlement programmes for women and girls who are victims, orat risk, of violence against women or trafficking in human beings”;

16.3. urges member States to allocate greater human and financial resources in consulates but also inthe capitals of member States to effectively increase access to resettlement and alternative pathwaysfor Afghans and ensure that cases are processed in a timely fashion;

16.4. suggests that the EQPR programme, in co-ordination with the UNESCO Qualifications Passportfor Refugees and Vulnerable Migrants programme, be used as a canvas for tailor-made educationassessment certificates to be issued by consulates in cases of partial or missing documentation as ameans of proving and validating the educational background of Afghans who submit applications fromKabul, or, alternatively, from Islamabad or Tehran;

16.5. draws attention of member States to the assistance and reception fatigue in countries hostingAfghan refugees especially in Iran and Pakistan and expresses its concern at the risk that this mayresult in increased vulnerability and possibly human rights violations in first countries of asylum.Echoing principles stated in its Resolution 2380 (2021) “Humanitarian action for refugees and migrantsin countries in North Africa and the Middle East”, the Assembly reiterates the need to provide nationalhumanitarian aid to support access to education and to health care for Afghan children and teenagers,boys and girls in co-ordination with the United Nations agencies and their implementing partners.

17. In line with Resolution 2487 (2023) “European solidarity in the context of asylum and internationalprotection” and with Resolution 2379 (2023), the Assembly is committed to reinforcing political leadership tosupport the Afghan people through parliamentary co-operation especially with the European Parliament andwith the Inter-Parliamentary Union. Exchanges between the Assembly and former members of the AfghanParliament now in exile may be explored.

18. The Assembly reiterates its position expressed in Resolution 2403 (2021), namely that it considers thatisolating the de facto authorities has led to the further suffering of the Afghan people. It stressed that:

18.1. engaging in targeted political dialogue with the de facto authorities does not imply a recognition on the part of member States of the Taliban as a legitimate authority in Afghanistan;

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18.2. highlights that any engagement with the de facto authorities should aim to secure the unconditional respect and protection of the human rights of women and girls. Such engagement should also work towards respect of the rights of all ethnic, religious and minority groups in Afghanistan. In this regard, the Assembly recalls that Afghanistan remains a party to several international human rights treaties by which it is obliged to abide;

18.3. engaging a dialogue with all political stakeholders in Afghanistan, including the de facto authorities, should be inclusive of members of all communities and minority groups within Afghanistan. In addition, the voices of Afghans in exile willing to contribute to such dialogue should be duly heard, including former members of the Afghan Parliament, judges, and lawyers, coming from all communities and minority groups of Afghanistan.

19. The Assembly is hopeful that this resolution may lay the ground for a roadmap on Afghanistan and willcontribute to the reflection of member States especially ahead of the Global Refugee Forum in December2023 and the Annual Tripartite Consultations on Resettlement in 2024.

20. The Assembly encourages the Council of Europe to explore avenues for contribution to the EUAA-ledExpert Platform on Afghanistan which brings together major partners of the Organisation worth co-ordinatingwith such as EU+ countries, Canada, the European Union, UNHCR, and the International Organization forMigration.

A DIVISÃO DE REDAÇÃO.

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