18 DE ABRIL DE 1998

1044-(187)

SECTION B-I/10 Guidance regarding the recognition ot certificates

(No provisions.)

SECTION B-I/ll

Guidance regarding the revalidation of certificates

The courses required by regulation 1/11 should include relevant changes in marine technology and recommendations concerning the safety of life at sea and the protection of the marine environment.

SECTION B-I/12 Guidance regarding the use of simulators

1 — When simulators are being used for training or assessment of competency, the following guidelines should be taken into consideration in conducting any such training or assessment.

Training and assessment in radar observation and plotting

2 — Training and assessment in radar observation and plotting should:

1) Incorporate the use of radar simulation equipment; and

2) Conform to standards not inferior to those given in paragraphs 3 to 17 below.

3 — Demonstrations of and practice in radar observation should be undertaken where appropriate on live marine radar equipment, including the use of simulators. Plotting exercises should preferably be undertaken in real time, in order to increase trainees' awareness of the hazards of the improper use of radar data and improve their plotting techniques to a standard of radar plotting commensurate with that necessary for the safe execution of collision avoidance manoeuvring under actual seagoing conditions.

Theory factors affecting performance and accuracy

4 — An elementary understanding should be attained of the principles of radar, together with a full practical knowledge of:

1) Kant and bearing measurement, characteristics of the radar. st which determine the quality of the radar display, radar i -itennae, polar diagrams, the effects of power .udiftted in directions outside the main beam, a non-technics desc-iption of the radar system including variations in the features encountered in different types of radar set, performance monitors and equipment factors which affect maximum and minimum detection ranges and accuracy of information;

2) The current marine radar performance specification adopted by the Organization;

3) The effects of the siting of the radar antenna, shadow sectors and arcs of reduced sensitivity, false echoes, effects of antenna height on detection ranges and of siting radar units and storing spares near magnetic compasses, including magnetic safe distances; and

4) Radiation hazards and safety precautions to be taken in the vicinity of antenna and open wave guides.

Detection of misrepresentation of information, including false echoes and sea returns

5 — A knowledge of the limitations to target detection is essential, to enable the observer to estimate the dangers of failure to detect targets. The following factors should be emphasized:

1) Performance standard of the equipment;

2) Brilliance, gain and video processor control settings;

3) Radar horizon;

4) Size, shape, aspect and composition of targets;

5) Effects of the motion of the ship in a seaway;

6) Propagation conditions;

7) Meteorological conditions; sea clutter and rain clutter;

8) Anti-clutter control settings;

9) Shadow sectors; and

10) Radar-to-radar interference.

6 — A knowledge should be attained of factors which might lead to faulty interpretation, including false echoes, effects of nearby pylons and large structures, effects of power lines crossing rivers and estuaries, echoes from distant targets occurring on second or later traces.

7 — A knowledge should be attained of aids to interpretation, including corner reflectors and radar beacons; detection and recognition of land targets; the effects of topographical features; effects of pulse length and beam width; radar conspicuous and inconspicuous targets; factors which affect the echo strength from targets.

Practice

Setting up and maintaining displays

8 — A knowledge should be attained of:

1) The various types of radar display mode; unsta-bilized ship's-head-up relative motion; ship's-head-up course-up and north-up stabilized relative motion and true motion;

2) The effects of errors on the accuracy of information displayed; effects of transmitting compasse errors on stabilized and true motion displays; effects of transmitting log errors on a true motion display; and the effects of inaccurate manual speed settings on a true motion display;

3) Methods of detecting inaccurate speed settings on . true motion controls; the effects of receiver noise limiting ability to display weak echo returns, and the effects of saturation by receiver noise, etc.; the adjustment of operational controls; criteria which indicate optimum points of adjustment; the importance of proper adjustment sequence, and the effects of maladjusted controls; the detection of maladjustments and corrections of:

3.1) Controls affecting detection ranges; and

3.2) Controls affecting accuracy;

4) The dangers of using radar equipment with mat-adjusted controls; and

5) The need for frequent regular checking of performance, and the relationship of the performance indicator to the range performance of the radar set.

Range and bearing

9 — A knowledge should be attained of:

1) The methods of measuring ranges; fixed range markers and variable range markers;