18 DE ABRIL DE 1998

1044-(189)

2) Incorporate the use of ARPA simulation equipment; and

3) Conform to standards not inferior to those given in paragraphs 19 to 36 below.

19 — Where ARPA training is provided as part of the general training under the 1978 STCW Convention, masters, chief mates and officers in charge of a navigational watch should understand the factors involved in decision-making based on the information supplied by ARPA in association with other navigational data inputs, having a similar appreciation of the operational aspects and of system errors of modern electronic navigational systems. This training should be progressive in nature, commensurate with the responsibilities of the individual and the certificates issued by Parties under the*1978 STCW Convention.

Theory and demonstration

Possible risks of over-reliance on ARPA

20 — Appreciation that ARPA is only a navigational aid and:

1) That its limitations, including those of its sensors, make over-reliance on ARPA dangerous, in particular for keeping a look-out; and

2) The need to observe at all times the principles to be observed in keeping a navigational watch and the guidance on keeping a navigational watch.

Principal types of ARPA systems and their display characteristics

21 — Knowledge of the principal types of ARPA systems in use; their various display characteristics and an understanding of when to use ground or sea stabilized modes and north-up, course-up or head-up presentations.

IMO performance standards for ARPA

22 — An appreciation of the IMO performance standards for ARPA, in particular the standards relating to accuracy.

Factors affecting system performance and accuracy

23 — Knowledge of ARPA sensor input performance parameters — radar, compass and speed inputs and the effects of sensor malfunction on the accuracy of ARPA data.

24 — Knowledge of:

1) The effects of the limitations of radar range and bearing discrimination and accuracy and the limitations of compass and speed input accuracies on the accuracy of ARPA data; and

2) Factors which influence vector accuracy.

Tracking capabilities and limitations

25 — Knowledge of:

1) The criteria for the selection of targets by automatic acquisition;

2) The factors leading to the correct choice of targets for manual acquisition;

3) The effects on tracking of «lost» targets and target fading;

4) The circumstances causing «target swap» and its effects on displayed data.

Processing delays

26 — Knowledge of the delays inherent in the display of processed ARPA information, parf/cu/arfy on acqui-

sition and re-acquisition or when a tracked target manoeuvres.

Operational warnings, their benefits and limitations

27 — Appreciation of the uses, benefits and limitations of ARPA operational warnings and their correct setting, where applicable, to avoid spurious interference.

System operational tests

28 — Knowledge of:

1) Methods of testing for malfunctions of ARPA systems including functional self-testing; and

2) Precautions to be taken after a malfunction occurs.

Manual and automatic acquisition of targets and their respective limitations

29 — Knowledge of the limits imposed on both types of acquisition in multi-target scenarios, and the effects on acquisition of target fading and target swap.

True and relative vectors and typical graphic representation of target information and danger areas

30 — Thorough knowledge of true and relative vectors; derivation of targets' true courses and speeds including:

1) Threat assessment, derivation of predicted closest point of approach and predicted time to closest point of approach from forward extrapolation of vectors, the use of graphic representation of danger areas;

2) The effects of alterations of course and/or speed of own ship and/or targets on predicted closest point of approach and predicted time to closest point of approach and danger areas;

3) The effects of incorrect vectors and danger areas; and

4) The benefit of switching between true and relative vectors.

Information on past position of targets being tracked

31 — Knowledge of the derivation of past positions of targets being tracked, recognition of historic data as a means of indicating recent manoeuvring of targets and as a method of checking the validity of the ARPA's tracking.

Practice

Setting up and maintaining displays

32 — Ability to demonstrate:

1) The correct starting procedure to obtain the "Optimum display of ARPA information;

2) The selection of display presentation; stabilized relative motion displays and true motion displays;

3) The correct adjustment of all variable radar display controls for optimum display of data;

4) The selection, as appropriate, of required speed input to ARPA;

5)The selection of ARPA plotting controls, manual/, automatic acquisition, vector/graphic display of data;

6) The selection of the time scale of vectors/graphics;

7) The use of exclusion areas when automatic acquisition is employed by ARPA; and

8) Performance checks of radar, compass, speed input sensors and ARPA.