22 DE FEVEREIRO DE 1997

358-(53)

giving warning of their presence must be maintained;

b) Such installations may not be established where interference may be caused to the use of recognized sea lanes essential to international navigation or in areas of intense fishing activity;

c) Safety zones shall be established around such installations with appropriate markings to ensure the safety of both navigation and the installations. The configuration and location of such safety zones shall not be such as to form a belt impeding the lawful access of shipping to particular maritime zones or navigation along international sea lanes;

d) Such installations shall be used exclusively for peaceful purposes;

e) Such installations do not possess the status of islands. They have no territorial sea of their own, and their presence does not affect the delimitation of the territorial sea, the exclusive economic zone or the continental shelf.

3 — Other activities in the marine environment shall be conducted with reasonable regard for activities in the Area.

Article 148

Participation of developing States in activies in the Area

The effective participation of developing States in activities in the Area shall be promoted as specifically provided for in this part, having due regard to their special interests and needs, and in particular to the special need of the land-locked and geographically disadvantaged among them to overcome obstacles arising from their disadvantaged location, including remoteness from the Area and difficulty of access to and from it.

Article 149 Archaeological and historical objects

All objects of an archaeological and historical nature found in the Area shall be preserved or disposed of for the benefit of mankind as a whole, particular regard being paid to the preferential rights of the State or country of origin, or the State of culture origin, or the State of historical and archaelogical origin.

SECTION 3 Development of resources of the Area

Article 150 Policies relating to activities in the Area

Activities in the Area shall, as specifically provided for in this part, be carried out in such a manner as to foster healthy development of the world economy and balanced growth of international trade, and to promote international co-operation for the .over-all development of all countries, especially developing States, and with a view to ensuring:

• a) The development of the resources of the Area; b) Orderly, safe and rational management of the resources of the Area, including the efficient conduct of activities in the Area and, in accor-

dance with sound principles of conservation, the avoidance of unnecessary waste;

c) The expansion of opportunities for participation in such activities consistent in particular with articles 144 and 148;

d) Participation in revenues by the Authority and the transfer of technology to the Enterprise and developing States as provided for in this Convention;

f) The promotion of just and stable prices remunerative to producers and fair to consumers for minerals derived both from the Area and from other sources, and the promotion of long-term equilibrium between supply and demand;

g) The enhancement of opportunities for all State Parties, irrespective of their social and economic systems or geographical location, to participate in the development of the resources of the Area and the prevention of monopolization of activities in the Area;

h) The protection of developing countries from adverse effects on their economies or on their export earnings resulting from a reduction -in the price of an affected mineral, or in the volume of exports of that mineral, to the extent that such reduction is caused by activities in the Area, as provided in article 151;

i) The development of the common heritage for the benefit of mankind as a whole; and

j) Conditions of access to markets for the imports of minerals produced from the resources of the Area and for imports of commodities produced from such minerals shall not be more favourable than the most favourable applied to imports from other sources.

Article 151 Production policies

1 —a) Without prejudice to the objectives set forth in article 150 and for the purpose of implementing subparagraph h) of that article, the Authority, acting through existing forums or such new arrangements or agreements as may be appropriate, in which all interested parties, including both producers and consumers, participate, shall take measures necessary to promote the growth, efficiency and stability of markets for those commodities produced from the minerals derived from the Area, at prices remunerative to producers and fair to consumers. All States Parties shall co-operate to this end.

b) The Authority shall have the right to participate in any commodity conference dealing with those commodities and in which all interested parties including both producers and consumers participate. The Authority shall have the right to become a party to any arrangement or agreement resulting from such conferences. Participation of the Authority in any organs established under those arrangements or agreements shall be in respect of production in the Area and in the Area and accordance with the relevant rules of those organs.

c) The Authority shall carry out its obligations under the arrangements or agreements referred to in this para-