Article 12

Consent to be bound by a treaty expressed by signature

1. The consent of a State or of an intemational organization to be bound by a treaty is

expressed by the signature of the representative of that State or of that organization

when:

a) the treaty provides that signature shall have that effect;

b) it is otherwise established that the negotiating States and negotiating

organizations or, as the case may be, the negotiating organizations were

agreed that signature should have that effect; or

e) the intention of the State or organization to give that effect to the signature

appears from the full powers of its representative or was expressed during

the negotiation.

2. For the purposes of paragraph 1:

a) the initialling of a text constitutes a signature of the treaty when it is

established that the negotiating States and negotiating organizations or, as

the case may be, the negotiating organizations so agreed;

b) the signature ad referendum of a treaty by the representative of a State or an

intemational organization, if confirmed by his State or organization,

constitutes a full signature of the treaty.

Article 13

Consent to be bound by a treaty expressed by an exchange of instruments constituting a

treaty

The consent of States or ofintemational organizations to be bound by a treaty constituted

by instruments exchanged between them is expressed by that exchange when:

a) the instruments provide that their exchange shall have that effect; or

b) it is otherwise established that those States and those organizations or, as the

case may be, those organizations were agreed that the exchange of

instruments should have that effect.

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