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14. Appalled that aggressive and violent actions had been previously taken by theRussian Federation against other participating States, including Georgia andMoldova, and that the Russian Federation maintains unacceptable conditions ofeffective occupation or control of some of the territory of those participatingStates to the present day,

15. Considering these violations not only a direct threat to the unity, sovereignty andterritorial integrity of Ukraine and other neighbouring States, but also a commonthreat to the security of all other OSCE participating States,

16. Expressing continued concern regarding ongoing Russian threats andaggressive actions towards the Baltic States, Central and Eastern Europe, andin the Black Sea region, and the Russian Federation’s efforts to use energy, tradeand military threats as means of blackmail and intimidation,

17. Taking into account the report of the mission of experts produced under theMoscow Mechanism invoked by 45 participating States to investigate violationsof OSCE commitments and international humanitarian law in Ukraine, includinginstances in which war crimes and crimes against humanity may have takenplace, from 24 February to 1 April 2022, which found “clear patterns ofinternational humanitarian law violations by the Russian forces on many of theissues investigated,” including direct targeting of civilians, deliberate attacks onmedical facilities, rape, torture, executions, looting and forced displacement ofcivilians to the Russian Federation,

18. Considering that these violations could be considered war crimes, crimes againsthumanity or genocide,

19. Highlighting the effect of the conflict on global supply chains, energy prices,poverty and food scarcity, which has only compounded the economic fallout fromthe COVID-19 pandemic,

20. Expressing concern at the crackdown on anti-war protestors, independent mediaand political dissent in the Russian Federation and in Belarus,

21. Highlighting with alarm, the Russian Federation’s continued, illegal anddisruptive naval blockade against Ukraine, which is another compounding factorin Ukraine’s ongoing economic and humanitarian crisis, a source of air strikesagainst Ukrainian territory in both military and civilian areas alike, and alsothreatens global food security by preventing Ukrainian food exports upon whichpopulations around the world rely,

22. Noting with extreme concern the horrifying potential for the use of chemical,biological or nuclear weapons in contravention of international prohibitions on theuse of such weapons through various international conventions,

The OSCE Parliamentary Assembly:

23. Condemns resolutely and unequivocally the ongoing, intensified, clear, grossand still uncorrected violations of Helsinki Principles as well as of fundamentalprinciples of international law by the Government of the Russian Federation in its

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