358-(32)

II SÉRIE-A — NÚMERO 23

Article 18 Meaning of passage

1 — Passage means navigation through the territorial sea for the purpose of:

a) Traversing that sea without entering internal waters or calling at a roadstead or port facility outside internal waters; or

b) Proceeding to or from internal waters or a call at such roadstead or port facility.

2 — Passage shall be continuous and expeditious. However, passage includes stopping and anchoring, but only in so far as the same are incidental to ordinary navigation or are rendered necessary by force majeure or distress or for the purpose of rendering assistance to persons, ships or aircraft in danger or distress.

Article 19

Meaning of innocent passage

1 — Passage is innocent so long as it is not prejudicial to the peace, good order or security of the coastal State. Such passage shall take place in conformity with this Convention and with other rules of international law.

2 — Passage of a foreign ship shall be considered to be prejudicial to the peace, good order or security of the coastal State if in the territorial sea it engages in any of the following activities:

a) Any threat or use of force against the sovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence of the coastal State, or in any other manner in violation of the principles of international law embodred in the Charter of United Nations;

b) Any exercise or practice with weapons of any kind;

c) Any act aimed at collecting information to the prejudice of the defence security of the coastal State;

d) Any act of propaganda aimed at affecting the defence or security of the coastal State;

e) The launching, landing or taking on board of any aircraft;

f) The lauching, landing or taking on board of any military device;

g) The loading or unloading of any commodity, currency or person contrary to the customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitary laws and regulations of the coastal State;

h) Any act of wilful and serious pollution contrary to this Convention;

i) Any fishing activities;

j) The carrying out of research or survey activities; k) Any act aimed at interfering with any systems

of communication or any other facilities or

installations of the coastal State; l) Any other activity not having a direct bearing

on passage.

Article 20

Submarines and other underwater vehicles

In the territorial sea, submarines and other underwater vehicles are required to navigate on the surface and to show their flag.

Article 21

Laws and regulations of the coastal State relating to innocent passage

1 — The coastal State may adopt laws and regulations, in conformity with the provisions of this Convention and other rules of international law, relating to innocent passage through the territorial sea, in respect of all or any of the following:

a) The safety of navigation and the regulation of maritime traffic;

b) The protection of navigational aids and facilities and other facilities or installations;

c) The protection of cables and pipelines;

d) The conservation of the living resources of the sea;

e) The prevention of infringement of the fisheries laws and regulations of the coastal State;

f) The preservation of the environment of the coastal State and the prevention, reduction and control of pollution thereof;

g) Marine scientific research and hidrographic surveys;

h) The prevention of infringement of the customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitary laws and regulations of the coastal State.

2 — Such laws and regulations shall not apply to the design, construction, manning or equipment of foreign ships unless they are giving effect to generally accepted international rules or standards.

3 — The coastal State shall give due publicity to all such laws and regulations.

4 — Foreign ships exercising the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea shall comply with all such laws and regulations and all generally accepted international regulations relating to the prevention of collisions at sea.

Article 22

Sea lanes and traffic separation schemes in the territorial

1 — The coastal State may, where necessary having regard to the safety of navigation, require foreign ships exercising the right of innocent passage through its territorial sea to use such.sea lanes and traffic separation schemes as it may designate or prescribe for the regulation of the passage of ships.

2 — In particular, tankers, nuclear-powered ships and ships carrying nuclear or other inherently dangerous or noxious substances or materials may be required to confine their passage to such sea lanes.

3 — In the designation of sea lanes and the prescription of traffic separation schemes under this article, the coastal State shall take into account:

a) The recommendations of the competent international organization;

6) Any channels customarily used for international navigation;

c) The special characteristics of particular ships and channels; and

d) The density of traffic.