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(c) Enable opportunities for coordination across instruments and relevant institutional arrangements.

9. A framework for non-market approaches to sustainable development is hereby defined to promote the

non-market approaches referred to in paragraph 8 of this Article.

Article 7

1. Parties hereby establish the global goal on adaptation of enhancing adaptive capacity, strengthening

resilience and reducing vulnerability to climate change, with a view¶to contributing to sustainable development

and ensuring an adequate adaptation response in the context of the temperature goal referred to in Article 2.

2. Parties recognize that adaptation is a global challenge faced by all with local, subnational, national, regional

and international dimensions, and that it is a key component of and makes a contribution to the long-term global

response to climate change to protect people, livelihoods and ecosystems, taking into account the urgent and

immediate needs of those developing country Parties that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of

climate change.

3. The adaptation efforts of developing country Parties shall be recognized, in accordance with the modalities

to be adopted by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement at its first

session.

4. Parties recognize that the current need for adaptation is significant and that greater levels of mitigation can

reduce the need for additional adaptation efforts, and that greater adaptation needs can involve greater

adaptation costs.

5. Parties acknowledge that adaptation action should follow a country-driven, gender- responsive,

participatory and fully transparent approach, taking into consideration vulnerable groups, communities and

ecosystems, and should be based on and guided by the best available science and, as appropriate, traditional

knowledge, knowledge of indigenous peoples and local knowledge systems, with a view to integrating adaptation

into relevant socioeconomic and environmental policies and actions, where appropriate.

6. Parties recognize the importance of support for and international cooperation on adaptation efforts and the

importance of taking into account the needs of developing country Parties, especially those that are particularly

vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change.

7. Parties should strengthen their cooperation on enhancing action on adaptation, taking into account the

Cancun Adaptation Framework, including with regard to:

(a) Sharing information, good practices, experiences and lessons learned, including, as appropriate, as

these relate to science, planning, policies and implementation in relation to adaptation actions;

(b) Strengthening institutional arrangements, including those under the Convention that serve this

Agreement, to support the synthesis of relevant information and knowledge, and the provision of technical

support and guidance to Parties;

(c) Strengthening scientific knowledge on climate, including research, systematic observation of the climate

system and early warning systems, in a manner that informs climate services and supports decision-making;

(d) Assisting developing country Parties in identifying effective adaptation practices, adaptation needs,

priorities, support provided and received for adaptation actions and efforts, and challenges and gaps, in a manner

consistent with encouraging good practices; and

(e) Improving the effectiveness and durability of adaptation actions.

8. United Nations specialized organizations and agencies are encouraged to support the efforts of Parties to

implement the actions referred to in paragraph 7 of this Article, taking into account the provisions of paragraph 5

of this Article.

9. Each Party shall, as appropriate, engage in adaptation planning processes and the implementation of

actions, including the development or enhancement of relevant plans, policies and/or contributions, which may

include:

(f) The implementation of adaptation actions, undertakings and/or efforts;

(g) The process to formulate and implement national adaptation plans;

(h) The assessment of climate change impacts and vulnerability, with a view to formulating nationally