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guidelines under paragraph 13 of this Article.

5. The purpose of the framework for transparency of action is to provide a clear understanding of climate

change action in the light of the objective of the Convention as set out in its Article 2, including clarity and tracking

of progress towards achieving Parties' individual nationally determined contributions under Article 4, and Parties'

adaptation¶actions under Article 7, including good practices, priorities, needs and gaps, to inform the global

stocktake under Article 14.

6. The purpose of the framework for transparency of support is to provide clarity on support provided and

received by relevant individual Parties in the context of climate change actions under Articles 4, 7, 9, 10 and 11,

and, to the extent possible, to provide a full overview of aggregate financial support provided, to inform the global

stocktake under Article 14.

7. Each Party shall regularly provide the following information:

(a) A national inventory report of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse

gases, prepared using good practice methodologies accepted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

Change and agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this

Agreement; and

(b) Information necessary to track progress made in implementing and achieving its nationally determined

contribution under Article 4.

8. Each Party should also provide information related to climate change impacts and adaptation under

Article 7, as appropriate.

9. Developed country Parties shall, and other Parties that provide support should, provide information on

financial, technology transfer and capacity-building support provided to developing country Parties under Articles

9, 10 and 11.

10. Developing country Parties should provide information on financial, technology transfer and capacity-

building support needed and received under Articles 9, 10 and 11.

11. Information submitted by each Party under paragraphs 7 and 9 of this Article shall undergo a technical

expert review, in accordance with decision 1/CP.21. For those developing country Parties that need it in the light

of their capacities, the review process shall include assistance in identifying capacity-building needs. In addition,

each Party shall participate in a facilitative, multilateral consideration of progress with respect to efforts under

Article 9, and its respective implementation and achievement of its nationally determined contribution.

12. The technical expert review under this paragraph shall consist of a consideration of the Party's support

provided, as relevant, and its implementation and achievement of its nationally determined contribution. The

review shall also identify areas of improvement for the Party, and include a review of the consistency of the

information with the modalities, procedures and guidelines referred to in paragraph 13 of this Article, taking into

account the flexibility accorded to the Party under paragraph 2 of this Article. The review shall pay particular

attention to the respective national capabilities and circumstances of developing country Parties.

13. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement shall, at its first

session, building on experience from the arrangements related to transparency under the Convention, and

elaborating on the provisions in this Article, adopt common modalities, procedures and guidelines, as appropriate,

for the transparency of action and support.

14. Support shall be provided to developing countries for the implementation of this Article.

15. Support shall also be provided for the building of transparency-related capacity of developing country

Parties on a continuous basis.

Article 14

1. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement shall periodically

take stock of the implementation of this Agreement to assess the collective progress towards achieving the

purpose of this Agreement and its long-term goals (referred to as the "global stocktake"). It shall do so in a

comprehensive and facilitative manner, considering mitigation, adaptation and the means of implementation and

support, and in the light of equity and the best available science.