Debates Parlamentares - Diário 018, p. 54 (2024-02-27)

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9 HLPE. (2017). Nutrition and food systems. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security, Rome. (https://www.fao.org/3/I7846E/i7846e.pdf).

10 FAO, IFAD, WHO, WFP and UNICEF. (2022). The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022. Repurposing food and agricultural policies to make healthy diets more affordable. Rome, FAO. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc0639en).

11 Hawkes, C. Brazil, B.G., de Castro, I.R.R. and Jaime, P.C. (2016). How to engage across sectors: lessons from agriculture and nutrition in the Brazilian School Feeding Program. Revista de Saúde Pública 50. (https://www.scielo.br/j/rsp/a/7qRs7bdtkSNhYbMgSgbrSTv/?lang=en).

Access to and consumption of healthy diets can be achieved through policies, legislation and programmes that encourage people to eat nutritious foods such as pulses, fish, fruit and vegetables and others that discourage people from eating unhealthy foods, for example through fiscal measures (taxes and subsidies), front-of-pack labelling and regulation of food marketing and advertising.8 Intervening in the food supply chain can improve the availability, affordability and acceptability of nutritious, safe and wholesome products by optimizing production, storage, distribution, processing, packaging and retailing systems.9 We also need to include women and support their empowerment along agrifood chains.

In order to encourage healthy eating, it is important to provide food and nutrition education to people and especially children, adolescents and young people. We also need to develop regulations that ensure consumers receive clear and truthful information, for example, through front-of-pack nutrition labelling of foods. Finally, state feeding programmes and social protection programmes can play a crucial role in feeding the vulnerable.9,10

LEGISLATION, POLICIES AND ACTIONSThe right to adequate food means the right to have permanent access to the resources needed to produce, earn or be able to buy enough food, in order to prevent hunger and to ensure health and well-being. The Voluntary Guidelines to Support the Progressive Realization of the Right to Adequate Food in the Context of National Food Security, the Decade of Action on Nutrition, and the UN Decade of Family Farming are important instruments to help governments in achieving their commitments and urge governments to take action to ensure access and availability of a healthy diet for all. Parliamentary initiatives throughout the world have been crucial for generating policy, legislation and action.

Public policies on food and nutrition affect consumers’ decisions, the various food producer categories and the work of the food industry. They therefore have an impact on the availability and affordability of food at all stages of the value chain, from primary production to final consumption. Past experience proves that interventions in agrifood systems produce positive and lasting improvements when they include explicit measures in favour of gender equality and women's empowerment. This means adopting transformative measures at community and national levels to address discriminatory gender norms and attitudes in order to improve incomes and build the resilience of agrifood systems.

The following are some of the evidence-based policies and actions that parliaments can put in place to ensure inclusion, promote equal access and encourage the consumption of healthy diets for all.9,11 The success of the policy mix will depend on the country context, the main drivers of food insecurity and malnutrition in each setting (social conflict, climatic events, economic fluctuations, gender gaps, etc.), structural characteristics (income situation, degree of inequality, natural resource endowment, net trade position, etc.), and local economic, political and social considerations.

II SÉRIE-D — NÚMERO 18 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8 HLPE. (2017). Nutrition and food systems. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security, Rome. (https://www.fao.org/3/I7846E/i7846e.pdf). 9 HLPE. (2017). Nutrition and food systems. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security, Rome. (https://www.fao.org/3/I7846E/i7846e.pdf). 10 FAO, IFAD, WHO, WFP and UNICEF. (2022). The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022. Repurposing food and agricultural policies to make healthy diets more affordable. Rome, FAO. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc0639en).11 Hawkes, C. Brazil, B.G., de Castro, I.R.R. and Jaime, P.C. (2016). How to engage across sectors: lessons from agriculture and nutrition in the Brazilian School Feeding Program. Revista de Saúde Pública 50. (https://www.scielo.br/j/rsp/a/7qRs7bdtkSNhYbMgSgbrSTv/?lang=en).Access to and consumption of healthy diets can be achieved through policies, legislation and programmes that encourage people to eat nutritious foods such as pulses, fish, fruit and vegetables and others that discourage people from eating unhealthy foods, for example through fiscal measures (taxes and subsidies), front-of-pack labelling and regulation of food marketing and advertising.8 Intervening in the food supply chain can improve the availability, affordability and acceptability of nutritious, safe and wholesome products by optimizing production, storage, distribution, processing, packaging and retailing systems.9 We also need to include women and support their empowerment along agrifood chains.In order to encourage healthy eating, it is important to provide food and nutrition education to people and especially children, adolescents and young people. We also need to develop regulations that ensure consumers receive clear and truthful information, for example, through front-of-pack nutrition labelling of foods. Finally, state feeding programmes and social protection programmes can play a crucial role in feeding the vulnerable.9,10LEGISLATION, POLICIES AND ACTIONSThe right to adequate food means the right to have permanent access to the resources needed to produce, earn or be able to buy enough food, in order to prevent hunger and to ensure health and well-being. The Voluntary Guidelines to Support the Progressive Realization of the Right to Adequate Food in the Context of National Food Security, the Decade of Action on Nutrition, and the UN Decade of Family Farming are important instruments to help governments in achieving their commitments and urge governments to take action to ensure access and availability of a healthy diet for all. Parliamentary initiatives throughout the world have been crucial for generating policy, legislation and action.Public policies on food and nutrition affect consumers’ decisions, the various food producer categories and the work of the food industry. They therefore have an impact on the availability and affordability of food at all stages of the value chain, from primary production to final consumption. Past experience proves that interventions in agrifood systems produce positive and lasting improvements when they include explicit measures in favour of gender equality and women's empowerment. This means adopting transformative measures at community and national levels to address discriminatory gender norms and attitudes in order to improve incomes and build the resilience of agrifood systems.The following are some of the evidence-based policies and actions that parliaments can put in place to ensure inclusion, promote equal access and encourage the consumption of healthy diets for all.9,11 The success of the policy mix will depend on the country context, the main drivers of food insecurity and malnutrition in each setting (social conflict, climatic events, economic fluctuations, gender gaps, etc.), structural characteristics (income situation, degree of inequality, natural resource endowment, net trade position, etc.), and local economic, political and social considerations.II SÉRIE-D — NÚMERO 18 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________54

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