Debates Parlamentares - Diário 018, p. 55 (2024-02-27)

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Legislation to promote affordability

Promoting healthier and more sustainable diets through public procurementPublic procurement has taken on an important role in the development agenda, due to its potential impact on local agriculture through the generation of markets and distribution networks and on people's nutrition, education and health.12,13 As well as optimizing existing public budgets to achieve results that bring together different public policy areas, public food procurement is a way for agriculture (especially family farming with an agroecological approach) to improve nutrition.13 Some school feeding programmes provide a clear example of the success of these regulations, especially when they involve short marketing chains.14,15

.Encouraging healthier diets through fiscal policies

The global action plan for the prevention and control of NCDs 2013–2020 proposed that countries should consider using economic tools, which may include taxes and subsidies, to improve access to healthy dietary choices that create incentives for behaviours associated with improved health outcomes and discourage less healthy choices, as appropriate within the national context.16 Findings suggest that fruit and vegetable subsidies to low-income populations were associated with increased sales, while food taxes are associated with higher prices and reduced sales.17

Social protection policiesTransfers under social protection programmes intended and designed to improve food affordability include in-kind food transfers, vouchers, and cash transfers. They are implemented alone or by means of mixed schemes. Some transfers aimed at improving the nutritional intake of consumers could increase the consumption of certain nutritious foods. Free food and micronutrient supplementation targeting vulnerable groups (low-income or nutritionally and gender vulnerable) can also improve the nutrition status of those who receive these benefits.18 Social protection programmes can also serve to raise women's well-being and employment rates, support adaptation to climate change and strengthen the resilience of rural livelihood systems.

12 Hawkes, C. Brazil, B.G., de Castro, I.R.R. and Jaime, P.C. (2016). How to engage across sectors: lessons from agriculture and nutrition in the Brazilian School Feeding Program. Revista de Saúde Pública 50. (https://www.scielo.br/j/rsp/a/7qRs7bdtkSNhYbMgSgbrSTv/?lang=en).

13 HLPE. (2017). Nutrition and food systems. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security, Rome. (https://www.fao.org/3/I7846E/i7846e.pdf).

14 Martínez Salvador, Laura, Hernández, Loarry Gabriel, and Alvarado Ramírez, David. (2021). Short Marketing Chains and Food Security: the case of El mercado el 100. Problemas del desarrollo, 52(206), 197-220. Epub 06 December 2021. (https://probdes.iiec.unam.mx/index.php/pde/article/view/69732/62260).

15 Agdonis, Jessica M.; Hinrichs, C. Clare. and Schafft, Kai A. (2009). The emergence and framing of farm-to-school initiatives: Civic engagement, health and local agriculture. Agriculture and Human Values, 26 (1–2): 107–119. (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10460-008-9173-6).

16 Thow, A.M. and Downs, S. (2014). Fiscal policy options with potential for improving diets for the prevention of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Background paper for technical meeting on fiscal policies for improving diets. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/obesity/fiscal-policies-for-diet-and-the-prevention-of-noncommunicable-diseases-0.pdf?sfvrsn=84ee20c_2#:~:text=The%20main%20fiscal%20policy%20interventions,and%2For%20other%20healthy%20foods).

17 Andreyeva T, Marple K, Moore TE, L. P. (2022) Evaluation of Economic and Health Outcomes Associated With Food Taxes and Subsidies. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Network Open. (doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.14371).

18 FAO, IFAD, WHO, WFP and UNICEF. (2022). The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022. Repurposing food and agricultural policies to make healthy diets more affordable. Rome, FAO. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc0639en).

27 DE FEVEREIRO DE 2024 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Legislation to promote affordabilityPromoting healthier and more sustainable diets through public procurementPublic procurement has taken on an important role in the development agenda, due to its potential impact on local agriculture through the generation of markets and distribution networks and on people's nutrition, education and health.12,13 As well as optimizing existing public budgets to achieve results that bring together different public policy areas, public food procurement is a way for agriculture (especially family farming with an agroecological approach) to improve nutrition.13 Some school feeding programmes provide a clear example of the success of these regulations, especially when they involve short marketing chains.14,15.Encouraging healthier diets through fiscal policiesThe global action plan for the prevention and control of NCDs 2013–2020 proposed that countries should consider using economic tools, which may include taxes and subsidies, to improve access to healthy dietary choices that create incentives for behaviours associated with improved health outcomes and discourage less healthy choices, as appropriate within the national context.16 Findings suggest that fruit and vegetable subsidies to low-income populations were associated with increased sales, while food taxes are associated with higher prices and reduced sales.17Social protection policiesTransfers under social protection programmes intended and designed to improve food affordability include in-kind food transfers, vouchers, and cash transfers. They are implemented alone or by means of mixed schemes. Some transfers aimed at improving the nutritional intake of consumers could increase the consumption of certain nutritious foods. Free food and micronutrient supplementation targeting vulnerable groups (low-income or nutritionally and gender vulnerable) can also improve the nutrition status of those who receive these benefits.18 Social protection programmes can also serve to raise women's well-being and employment rates, support adaptation to climate change and strengthen the resilience of rural livelihood systems.12 Hawkes, C. Brazil, B.G., de Castro, I.R.R. and Jaime, P.C. (2016). How to engage across sectors: lessons from agriculture and nutrition in the Brazilian School Feeding Program. Revista de Saúde Pública 50. (https://www.scielo.br/j/rsp/a/7qRs7bdtkSNhYbMgSgbrSTv/?lang=en). 13 HLPE. (2017). Nutrition and food systems. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security, Rome. (https://www.fao.org/3/I7846E/i7846e.pdf).14 Martínez Salvador, Laura, Hernández, Loarry Gabriel, and Alvarado Ramírez, David. (2021). Short Marketing Chains and Food Security: the case of El mercado el 100. Problemas del desarrollo, 52(206), 197-220. Epub 06 December 2021. (https://probdes.iiec.unam.mx/index.php/pde/article/view/69732/62260).15 Agdonis, Jessica M.; Hinrichs, C. Clare. and Schafft, Kai A. (2009). The emergence and framing of farm-to-school initiatives: Civic engagement, health and local agriculture. Agriculture and Human Values, 26 (1–2): 107–119. (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10460-008-9173-6). 16 Thow, A.M. and Downs, S. (2014). Fiscal policy options with potential for improving diets for the prevention of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Background paper for technical meeting on fiscal policies for improving diets. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/obesity/fiscal-policies-for-diet-and-the-prevention-of-noncommunicable-diseases-0.pdf?sfvrsn=84ee20c_2#:~:text=The%20main%20fiscal%20policy%20interventions,and%2For%20other%20healthy%20foods).17 Andreyeva T, Marple K, Moore TE, L. P. (2022) Evaluation of Economic and Health Outcomes Associated With Food Taxes and Subsidies. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Network Open. (doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.14371).18 FAO, IFAD, WHO, WFP and UNICEF. (2022). The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022. Repurposing food and agricultural policies to make healthy diets more affordable. Rome, FAO. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc0639en).27 DE FEVEREIRO DE 2024 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________55

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