18.1. promoting the adoption of a resolution of the Human Rights Council and releasing a joint statement, calling for the release of anti-war protesters in the Russian Federation and Belarus, an end to the political persecution of anti-war protesters in the Russian Federation and Belarus, and condemning the failure of the Russian Federation and Belarus to implement rulings of international bodies relating to the repression of anti-war protesters, including judgments and decisions of the European Court of Human Rights (in respect of the Russian Federation), the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, and the United Nations treaty bodies;

18.2. calling for a country visit to the Russian Federation and Belarus of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the Special Rapporteurs on human rights in the Russian Federation and Belarus, and other relevant bodies, to visit prisons and meet with anti-war protesters subject to political persecution, prioritising those with serious health conditions, including Vladimir Kara-Murza.

19. Noting the highly precarious situation of Russians and Belarusians with an anti-war stance who aretrying to flee their oppressive regimes, and recalling Resolution 2446 (2022) and Resolution 2499 (2023), theAssembly calls on member and observer States of the Council of Europe to:

19.1. support persons fleeing the Russian Federation and Belarus by facilitating their legal entry and stay, freedom of movement, safety and security, access to education, culture, financial services and pursuit of economic activities. This should include appropriate measures relating to emergency entry, emergency passports, visas, temporary and long-term residence permits, socio-economic assistance, and (when appropriate) refugee status;

19.2. examine the creation of separate international frameworks or networks for those fleeing the Russian Federation and Belarus, to deal with the issues of entry and stay of persons;

19.3. refuse extradition requests for Belarusian and Russian nationals, which could be considered to be politically motivated;

19.4. refrain from deporting back to their home countries Russian and Belarusian nationals who have demonstrated an anti-war stance concerning the aggression against Ukraine and who would thus be at genuine risk of political persecution or conscription to the Russian military;

19.5. take measures to address the refusal of the Belarusian authorities to issue passports in their consulates abroad (as well as prepare for the possibility of the Russian Federation doing so), through the recognition of de facto statelessness, and the issuing of travel documents to allow Belarusian (and if necessary, Russian) individuals at risk of political persecution or conscription to remain in European States after the expiration of their passports;

19.6. take measures to protect Russians and Belarusians who have fled their States from transnational repression carried out by their governments, as highlighted in Resolution 2509 (2023).

20. The Assembly further calls on member and observer States of the Council of Europe to introducerestrictive measures (in particular, sanctions under their “Magnitsky laws”) against individuals involved in thepolitical persecution of Russians and Belarusians because of their anti-war stance.

21. Noting the harm caused to Russian and Belarusian independent civil society by the application ofdomestic and international sanctions, the Assembly calls on private businesses:

21.1. to continue to provide goods and services to independent Russian and Belarusian civil society organisations that support anti-war causes or the defence of human rights;

21.2. to refuse to comply with the orders of the Russian and Belarusian Governments to block websites, social media accounts or other online resources of independent Russian and Belarusian civil society organisations that support anti-war causes or the defence of human rights.

22. The Assembly invites the European Court of Human Rights to continue examining pending and futurecases against the Russian Federation in respect of alleged violations of the Convention committed until16 September 2022, in particular and as a matter of priority those brought by applicants who have beenpersecuted for their anti-war stance.

23. The Assembly reiterates its call on Interpol to be particularly vigilant when dealing with requests for RedNotices from the Russian National Central Bureau that may be politically motivated, taking into accountResolution 2315 (2019) “Interpol reform and extradition proceedings: building trust by fighting abuse”.

18. The Assembly calls on member and observer States of the Council of Europe to intensify their efforts to hold the Russian Federation and Belarus to account at the United Nations, including by:

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