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training and refraining, including apprenticeships, advanced voca'ional training and recurrent training;

d) The right to equal remuneration, including

benefits, and to equal trea men! in respect of work of equal value, as well as equality of treatment in the evaluation of the quality of work;

e) The right to social security, particularly in

cases of rc'irement, unemployment, sickness, invalidity and old age and other incapaci'y to work, as well as the right to paid leave;

/) The right lo proiec'ion of health and to safety in working conditions, including the safeguarding of the function of reproduction.

2 — In order to prevent discrimination against women on the grounds of marriage or maternity and to ensure their effec'ive right to work, States Parties shall take appropriate measures:

a) To prohibit, subject to the imposition of sanc-

tions, dismissal on the grounds of pregnancy or of ma'ernity leave and discrimination in dismissals on the basis of marital status;

b) To introduce maternity leave with pay or with

comparable social benefits without loss of former employment, seniority or social allowances;

c) To encourage the provision of the necessary

supporting social services to enable parents to combine family obligation with work responsibilities and participation in public life, in particular through promoting the establishment and development of a network of child-care facilities;

d) To provide special pro'ection to women during

pregnancy in types of work proved to be harmful to them.

3 — Protective legislation relating to matters covered in this article shall be reviewed periodically in the light of scientific and technological knowledge and shall be revised, repealed or extended as necessary.

ARTICLE 12

1 — States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in the field of health care in order to ensure, on a basis of equality of men and women, access to health care services, including those related to family planning.

2 — Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1 of this article, States Parties shall ensure to women appropriate services in connexion with pregnancy, confinement and the post-natal period, granting free services where necessary, as well as adequate nutrition during pregnancy and lacta'ion.

ARTICLE 13

States Parties shall take all appropria'e measures to eliminate discrimination against women in other

areas of economic and social life, in order to ensure, on a basis of equality of men and women, the same righ*s, in particular:

a) The right to family benefits;

b) The right to bank loans, mortgages and o'her

forms of financial credit;

c) The right to participate in recreational activ-

ities, sports and all aspects of cultural life.

ARTICLE 14

1 —States Parties shall take into account the particular problems faced by rural women and the significant roles which rural women play in the economic survival of their families, including their work in the non-monetized sectores of the economy, and shall take all appropriate measures to ensure the application of the provisions of this Convention to women in rural areas.

2 — States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in rural areas, in order to ensure, on a basis of equality of men and women, that they participate in and benefit from rural development and, in particular, shall ensure to such women the right:

a) To participate in the elaboration and implementation of development planning at all levels;

6) To have access to adequate health care facilities, including information, counselling and services in family planning;

c) To benefit directly from social security prog-

rammes;

d) To obtain all types of training and education,

formal and non-formal, including that relating to functional literacy, as well as, inter alia, the benefit of all community and extension services, in order Ms increase their technical proficiency;

e) To organize self-help groups and co-operatjvss

in order to obtain equal access to economic opportunities through employment or seltf-employment; ; f) To participate in all community activities;

g) To have access to agricultural credit and

loans, marketing facilities, appropriate technology and equal treatment in land and agrarian reform as well as in land resettlement schemes;

h) To enjoy adequate living conditions, partic-

ularly in relation to housing, sanitation, electricity and water supply, transport and communications.

Part IV

ARTICLE 15

1 — States Parties shall accord to women equality with men before the law.

2 — States Parties shall accord to women, in civil matters, a legal capacity identical to that of men and the same opportunities to exercise that capacity.