Debates Parlamentares - Diário 018, p. 70 (2024-02-27)

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Constitutional provisions alone are not sufficient to ensure access to quality diets; framework laws on food and nutrition security and complementary sectoral legislation are required.75,77

Framework lawA framework law is used to legislate on multi-sectoral matters in a consistent, coordinated and comprehensive manner, setting out general principles and obligations, leaving the details to lower-ranking regulations, and delegating the adoption of the necessary measures to the competent authorities within the margins established by law.78

Sectoral lawsDesigning and implementing relevant sectoral laws to determine their compatibility with the right to food is also relevant. Legal implementation of the right to food requires a comprehensive assessment of sectoral laws that may affect the availability, accessibility and adequacy of food from the perspective of healthy and sustainable agrifood systems.79

Governance for realizing the human right to adequate foodCurrent global issues, particularly in the area of food and nutrition, challenge traditional forms of decision-making at national, regional and international levels. These complexities have led to a model of global governance, which involves a shift from hierarchically exercising power (government) to managing networks (governance).80,81,82

76 FAO. (2020). The right to adequate food in constitutions. Right to adequate food in constitutions. Legal brief for parliamentarians in Latin America and the Caribbean No. 1 Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (https://www.fao.org/publications/card/en/c/CB0448EN).

77 FAO. (2010). Guide on Legislating for the Right to Food. Book 1. Rome. 362 pp. (https://www.fao.org/3/i0815e/i0815e00.pdf).78 FAO. (2020). Framework laws on the right to adequate food. Legal brief for parliamentarians in Latin America and the Caribbean No. 2. Rome:

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (https://www.fao.org/publications/card/fr/c/CB0447EN/).79 FAO, IFAD, WHO, WFP and UNICEF. (2022). The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022. Repurposing food and agricultural

policies to make healthy diets more affordable. Rome, FAO. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc0639en).80 Rosenau, James (2005), "Governance in the Twenty-First Century", in Rorden Wilkinson (ed.), The Global Governance Reader, New York,

Routledge, pp. 45-63.81 Finkelstein, Lawrence S. (1995), “What Is Global Governance?”, Global Governance, vol. 1, issue 3, pp. 367-372.82 Gillespie, S., Haddad, L., Mannar, V., Menon, P., and Nisbett, N. (2013). The politics of reducing malnutrition: building commitment and

accelerating progress. The Lancet, 382(9891), 552–569. (https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)60842-9/fulltext).

II SÉRIE-D — NÚMERO 18 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Constitutional protectionThe Constitution is the supreme or highest law in a country's legal system. Enshrining the right to food clearly and explicitly in the Constitution gives it the highest level of recognition and protection.76Constitutional provisions alone are not sufficient to ensure access to quality diets; framework laws on food and nutrition security and complementary sectoral legislation are required.75,77Framework lawA framework law is used to legislate on multi-sectoral matters in a consistent, coordinated and comprehensive manner, setting out general principles and obligations, leaving the details to lower-ranking regulations, and delegating the adoption of the necessary measures to the competent authorities within the margins established by law.78Sectoral lawsDesigning and implementing relevant sectoral laws to determine their compatibility with the right to food is also relevant. Legal implementation of the right to food requires a comprehensive assessment of sectoral laws that may affect the availability, accessibility and adequacy of food from the perspective of healthy and sustainable agrifood systems.79Governance for realizing the human right to adequate foodCurrent global issues, particularly in the area of food and nutrition, challenge traditional forms of decision-making at national, regional and international levels. These complexities have led to a model of global governance, which involves a shift from hierarchically exercising power (government) to managing networks (governance).80,81,8276 FAO. (2020). The right to adequate food in constitutions. Right to adequate food in constitutions. Legal brief for parliamentarians in Latin America and the Caribbean No. 1 Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (https://www.fao.org/publications/card/en/c/CB0448EN).77 FAO. (2010). Guide on Legislating for the Right to Food. Book 1. Rome. 362 pp. (https://www.fao.org/3/i0815e/i0815e00.pdf).78 FAO. (2020). Framework laws on the right to adequate food. Legal brief for parliamentarians in Latin America and the Caribbean No. 2. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (https://www.fao.org/publications/card/fr/c/CB0447EN/).79 FAO, IFAD, WHO, WFP and UNICEF. (2022). The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022. Repurposing food and agricultural policies to make healthy diets more affordable. Rome, FAO. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc0639en).80 Rosenau, James (2005), "Governance in the Twenty-First Century", in Rorden Wilkinson (ed.), The Global Governance Reader, New York, Routledge, pp. 45-63.81 Finkelstein, Lawrence S. (1995), “What Is Global Governance?”, Global Governance, vol. 1, issue 3, pp. 367-372.82 Gillespie, S., Haddad, L., Mannar, V., Menon, P., and Nisbett, N. (2013). The politics of reducing malnutrition: building commitment and accelerating progress. The Lancet, 382(9891), 552–569. (https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)60842-9/fulltext). II SÉRIE-D — NÚMERO 18 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________70

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