II SÉRIE-D — NÚMERO 2

6

2/3 are women

Of which 2/3 are sexually exploited

In Europe (2005) – turn over of trafficking – 2,5 billion US$

70.000 – 140.000 victims per year

Of which 84% are for sex exploitation

FACTS

Modern form of SLAVERY

Severe violation of HUMAN RIGHTS

Affects WOMEN disproportionally

Is a form of VIOLENCE against women

Affects ALL European countries – origin, transit, destination

Victims RELUCTANT to seek for help – FEAR

Violence

Deportation

Family retaliated

INSTRUMENTS

CoE CONVENTION on Action Against Trafficking in Human Rights

2008 – entered into force

40 ratifications

EU – DIRECTIVE 36/2011

Only 6 Estates transposed to domestic law

EU REPORT 2013 – about 2008-2010

On 28 Members + 6

+ 18% cases

- 13% convictions

TWO OPPOSITE APPROACHES TO PROSTITUTION

1- LEGALIZATION – Regulation of prostitution by the State – Legal under certain conditions – Sex work – Sex workers – Clients – Managers – Professional activity – If not forced – Health, safety and

labor protection

Austria, Germany, Greece, Netherlands, Switzerland, Turkey

DECRIMINALIZATION – No rules, general legislation

New South Wales and New Zealand

2- CRIMINALIZATION PROHIBITIONIST SYSTEM – Ban prostitution – Penalizing all aspects

Albania, Croatia, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Ukraine

ABOLITIONIST SYSTEM – Sale of sex is not punishable, but soliciting, procuring, advertising are criminal

offences.

Belgium, France, Italy, Spain, Poland, Portugal, UK

LEGALISATION – IMPACT ON TRAFFICKING

CASE STUDY 1 – GERMANY

POLICY – PROSTITUTION ACT 2012

No longer an immoral activity

Remunerated, taxed, health and safety regulations, protection of employee’s rights

Laender – to regulate

Local authorities – right to establish “exclusion zones”, where sex work is forbidden