9. Comprehensive approaches to tackle far-right extremist ideologies are needed that seek to engage alllevels of society in preventing and countering violent extremism. The Assembly emphasises the need fornational action plans against extremist ideologies that include whole-of-society approaches, involving civilsociety, the media, educational institutions, and political parties.

10. In light of reports of the elevated risk of youth radicalisation in recent years, the Assembly recalls theimportance of education as a bulwark against the spread of far-right extremist ideologies, and the continuedneed to enhance societal resilience against extremist materials and recruitment in response to the extensiveuse of online platforms to promote extremist ideologies.

11. The Assembly recognises the vital role played in democracies by law enforcement personnel. While it isthe case that the overwhelming majority of police officers reject extremism in all its forms, the exposure of far-right extremists in police forces in a number of member States in recent years is a cause for serious concern.Individuals who reject the democratic foundations of the State cannot serve it, and the Assembly emphasisesthe need to ensure effective mechanisms are implemented against extremists in the police.

12. The Assembly considers that, in light of the transnational nature of the phenomenon, enhanced co-operation between member States is necessary to tackle the pan-European dimension of the threat, andurges member States to engage in international co-operation and information sharing to effectively countercross-border activities of far-right extremist groups.

13. The Assembly attaches great importance to the work of the bodies of the Council of Europe, notablythrough the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance, in the monitoring, standard setting, andco-operation activities for combating discrimination, racism and intolerance in our societies.

14. In the light of these considerations, the Assembly calls on Council of Europe member States to:

14.1. review and, if necessary, enhance existing legislation to effectively counter far-right extremismas well as hate speech, incitement to violence, and discrimination propagated by far-right individualsand groups;

14.2. strengthen existing measures to protect groups in vulnerable and marginalised situations fromdiscrimination, harassment, and violence stemming from far-right ideologies;

14.3. promote education and media literacy by integrating comprehensive education about humanrights, diversity, and democracy into school curricula, and enhance media literacy programmes toempower citizens to critically analyse and resist extremist propaganda;

14.4. combat online radicalisation through collaboration with social media platforms and techcompanies to identify and remove online content that promotes far-right ideologies, while safeguardingfreedom of expression and avoiding undue censorship;

14.5. develop strategies to counter disinformation and propaganda propagated by far-right groups,ensuring that accurate and evidence-based information prevails;

14.6. continue to support civil society by providing adequate financial and moral support to civil societyorganisations and grassroots initiatives working to promote tolerance, intercultural understanding, socialcohesion, and deradicalisation;

14.7. encourage political leaders to engage in respectful and inclusive public discourse, condemninghate speech and divisive rhetoric, and advocating for policies that uphold democratic values and humanrights;

14.8. enhance the protection of elected officials from politically motivated crimes, intimidation andthreats;

14.9. invite democratic parties in the member States to assess the possibility of establishing a "cordonsanitaire" against far-right parties whose values are at odds with those promoted by the Council ofEurope so as to prevent them occupying a media and political space that helps normalise them andpropagate hate speech and discriminatory discourse.

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